Peace In Community Research Articles

The Golden Rule and its Consequences: A Practical and Effective Solution for World Peace

Peace is something desirable and requested by all nations in the world. What makes it necessary to address this issue is the critical, undesirable state of the current world that, despite statements by international organizations with the theme of peace, reveals growing conflict and war and irreversible damages caused by them. This article seeks to provide a practical and effective solution for achieving peace in the global community. To this end, it introduces the golden rule (treating others as you wish others to treat you) as a rule common to all nations. This rule which has a special place in moral philosophy and has been the common denominator of all religions and schools of thought from ancient times until the present provides peace throughout the world through its mechanism. With the use of analytical methods, this study examines and explains it. The results show that the most effective and powerful way to achieve world peace is the adherence to the golden rule.

Anchoring Diversified Security Cooperation in the ADMM-Plus: A Japanese Perspective

Japan's 2013 National Security Strategy outlined the country's strategic approaches in three dimensions: (1) strengthening and expanding Japan's own capabilities and roles in building comprehensive defense architecture, (2) strengthening the alliance with the United States, and (3) increasing diplomacy and security cooperation with Japan's partners to promote peace and stability in the international community.1 Among the above three approaches, Japan has given security partnerships and defense diplomacy in the Asia-Pacific increased importance in its strategic portfolio in recent years.This essay will first review Japan's regional defense diplomacy strategies and participation in the ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting-Plus (ADMMPlus). The second section will then evaluate the opportunities that the ADMM-Plus offers Japan, followed by a discussion of the challenges that the group still faces. The essay concludes by examining Japan's expectations for the role that the ADMM-Plus will play in shaping the security environment of the Asia-Pacific.Japan's Defense Diplomacy and the ADMM-PlusSince the inception of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in 1994, Japan has been an active and staunch supporter of the regional security dialogue process. While Japan has maintained a security policy centered on its alliance with the United States, multilateral cooperation has provided a supplementary platform for non-zero-sum confidence building in the region in the post-Cold War security environment.2 Its confidence in the ARF, however, waned during the late 1990s. Japan became frustrated by the forum's slow progress and poor record in the promotion of confidence-building and preventive diplomacy, despite the phased approach projected in the ARF Concept Paper in 1996.3 In the eyes of Japanese officials, the lack of full participation by defense officials and the military services in the ARF had become an obvious obstacle to adopting practical for security cooperation.As early as 2002, Gen Nakatani, then director of the Japan Defense Agency (the precursor to the Ministry of Defense) suggested that the ARF, which was predominantly led by foreign ministry officials, should be complemented by a parallel defense forum. Nakatani proposed that the newly established Shangri-La Dialogue, a nonofficial defense dialogue organized by the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, could provide a venue for a future Asian defense ministerial meeting.4 However, this proposal met with a cool response from Japan's ASEAN counterparts due to the lack of prior consultations.5Against this backdrop, Japan welcomed ASEAN's proposal in 2007 to expand the format of the ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting to include extraregional members, which was formally adopted in May 2010. At the first meeting of the ADMM-Plus, Japan's deputy defense minister, Jun Azumi, called for converging various security cooperation measures among member states.6 In his speech, Azumi reiterated that ASEAN should remain the driving force of the region, the ADMM-Plus should promote specific for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR), and member countries should share rules and values through the dialogue process.Since 2010, Japan has been an active participant in and supporter of the ADMM-Plus. Japan and Singapore served as co-chairs of the Experts' Working Group (EWG) on Military Medicine until March 2014, and Japan has proactively supported the role of military medicine, especially during disaster-relief operations, such as in the Philippines in 2013 following Typhoon Haiyan.7 Furthermore, at meetings of the EWG on maritime security, Japan emphasized the importance of establishing shared customs at sea to avoid unintended collisions and the escalation of situations when warships and government vessels approach and encounter each other. In June 2013, Japan participated in the first ADMM-Plus field training exercise held in Brunei Darussalam, organized by the EWGs on HADR and Military Medicine. …

Intercultural Communication and Diplomacy as Tools of Maintaining Peace and Security

The Article 2 (3) of the United Nations Charter states all members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered. Both intercultural communication and diplomacy skills cover the various processes required for stopping or preventing overt conflicts, and aiding the parties involved to reach peaceful settlement of their differences. Intercultural communication and Diplomacy, as defined in this paper, may be important and powerful tools in resolving any conflict, being closely associated with the notion of identity. Despite the importance of person's individual identity, culture is commonly regarded as a group phenomenon. Culture itself is an element in determining the outcome of the conflict management process, depending on the degree of cultural diversity among the parties that are involved. Stress is placed in this study on the deeper aspects of culture, values, beliefs, communication style, which influence perceptions, assumptions, attitudes, and eventually behavior and policies. This paper discusses certain aspects of maintaining peace and security in the global community through intercultural communication and diplomacy and the work of international law students as future diplomats in this field.

Against Patriarchy

Against Patriarchy

Family Mental Health-Based Approaches to Sustainable Global Peace - A Case of Abused and Neglected Children in Uganda

The study rotates around family conflicts (or family mental health issues) which, if mismanaged, potentially, spills over into the wider community. It goes further to trace individual concerns (inner conflicts) that families consciously or unconsciously perpetuate – which, if not given due attention, like a time-bomb, blows up into serious social costs like substance abuse, aggressive and risky behaviors, increased HIV/AIDS prevalence, low productivity, poverty and looming ignorance to solve those problems. It is, thus, pertinent to address such problems from the environment around the root (individuals at family level) in order to achieve sustainable peace in the wider community (global peace).Main Objective of the Intervention: The main objective of the intervention is to proactively deal with violence against children and family level to achieve sustainable global peace.Intervention Objectives: The intervention set out to find out how best to make X’s movements safe, to identify origins of the sudden break down of mental functioning, develop ways to recovery of X, and X’s recovery and its implication on peace of the family and wider community.Findings: The challenges of children growing in broken families included; the big burden to achieve life goals on their own – with no hope of parental intervention, inability to make wise health decisions, difficulty to ensure personal safety and healthy social relations, generation of high pressure to achieve and to break development barriers (mentally, socially and institutionally), the fear of dropping out of school due to inability to pay fees on his or her own that catapults into failure to concentrate and excel academically in order to attain a good career, inability to solve problems associated with choosing and having healthy relationships, and inability to manage chronic stress that characterizes his or her family life a condition that, potentially, pursues child into adulthood – and in responsible social positions. Also, there are critical challenges of lack of social support coupled with the lack of confidence to seek it – as viable path to building resilience required for the child succeed in life.Conclusion: Family and individual members in it cannot be separated from the wider community. Indeed communalism is medicine of its own. The wider community had inexhaustible reserves for the family to access for survival and wellness purposes – which is a foundation for community survival and wellness – in return. This is so because from the community the family obtained enabling policies, social services, physical and psychological security as well as development opportunities for junior members’ progress into the future. Such guaranteed security for the family, inner peace for individuals members of the family and, eventually, sustainable community peace. As the family continues to play its children development roles – providing both moral and physical support, the community, too, begins to identify its development concerns and wishes in that child. That, though, can either be for the good or worse. Responsibility on the part of family and community and eventual decisions made, thus, contributes to mental wellness of the child that characterizes freedom from the means to psychological trauma as violence.

Sacrificial Violence and Targeting in International Humanitarian Law

International humanitarian law (IHL) does not prohibit military action resulting in the loss of civilian life at large. As long as its rules on the protection of civilians and their property are followed, the incidental causation of civilian loss is legal. Why is this so? The not-so-naive answer is that contemporary military operations would be made difficult, if they were to be carried out under legal norms leaving no room for civilian casualties whatsoever. Such severe constraints were as undesirable for states developing ius in bello through history as the total absence of constraints. That apart, incidental and lawful civilian losses within the framework of IHL could be seen as indispensable signs in a symbolic order fettering violent conflicts in communities. With this text, I would like to outline how this possibility might be researched in a future, more comprehensive project. In choosing targeting as an area, I believe that I am close to an archetypical norm on the fettering of violence in the laws of war. The present text features two distinct steps.First, I explore central norms on targeting in contemporary IHL, as the ultimate point of a historically grown body of thought on the lawful killing of certain civilians. This reading of the law emphasises its central ambiguities, and tries to lay bare the chains of equivalence between military objective and civilian death it constructs. A central concern is the open question of civil-political objective to be pursued through IHL-abiding war. All this will be done in the consecutive Section 2.Second, to argue that casualties are perceived as necessary preconditions for peace in an international community, I introduce a theory explaining how the causation of incidental death of civilians, rather than the willed death of enemy combatants, plays a pacifying role in the symbolic order of international law. I wish to explore targeting norms as part of a contemporary victimisation ritual, offering the civilian casualty in exchange for divine appeasement of an international community. This approach draws on the work of Rene Girard explaining how communal violence is contained through ritual acts of sacrificial killings. This projection of Girardian theory on IHL norms will be performed in Section 3. A brief conclusion will be drawn in Section 4.

Nuclear weapons concerns, agency beliefs, and social responsibility values in disarmament activism.

This study examined the roles of attitudes and beliefs in determining disarmament activism. It investigated the contributions of nuclear weapons concerns, perceptions of control, and social responsibility values to the determination of antinuclear activism beyond the effects of attitudes and attitude strength. It was found that concerns about the danger of nuclear weapons, perceptions of personal control, and social responsibility values accounted for a larger proportion of the variance of antinuclear activism than antinuclear attitudes and attitude strength combined. The findings were discussed in terms of the nature of attitudes and beliefs and the relevance of these factors to involvement in peace and other social issues in a global community.

Toward A Sociology of Nuclear Weapons

This article serves as an introduction to the issue's special feature on Nuclear Threat. The early sociological literature on nuclear war related issues is reviewed and the dearth of sociological work in this area since the early 1960s is documented. A new call for sociological theory and research on the nuclear threat is issued and possible topics are outlined. The paper concludes with a brief review of the papers that make up the special feature. This issue of The Sociological Quarterly contains a section of articles that all deal, in one way or another, with the threat of nuclear war. As the guest editors of this special feature on Nuclear Threat, we feel that it is important to state our position at the outset. We believe that the prevention of nuclear war is the foremost political, social and moral issue of our time. We are strongly and passionately committed to ending the arms race, moving toward world nuclear disarmament, and building a just and lasting peace in the world community. Furthermore, we believe that sociologists have a social responsibility to become involved in the struggle against the nuclear threat. Sociologists must become active participants in the movement to prevent war and the effort to construct a just peace. Faced with this plea many sociologists will rightfully demand to know what, specifically, is being asked of them. How can sociologists contribute to the world peace movement? One answer has come recently from Allen Grimshaw (1983). He argues that sociologists can contribute to the peace movement through: 1) more explicit attention to conflict in all of their teaching and research, and a willingness to identify the implications of their own work for world conflict; 2) teaching and research on world conflict themselves; 3) active involvement in peace action outside the academy, whether in political action or

Politics and the Stages of Growth

In The Stages of Economic Growth, for which he is known around the world, W. W. Rostow distinguished five basic stages of growth experienced by societies as they change from a pre-industrial state to full economic maturity. In this book the analysis is continued but the focus is shifted, from economic growth to politics. Professor Rostow see politics as an eternal triangle of competing imperatives - of security, welfare, and constitutional order. Using this concept, he examines the political meaning and content of each of the stages as experienced by eight countries; Great Britain, France, China, Japan, Russia, Turkey, Mexico and the United States. He goes on to consider, in the heart of the book, a uniquely political stage: the search for quality which is possible in an age of high mass consumption. Special attention is given the United States. Professor Rostow also examines the character of politics in the developing nations of today, and makes explicit what he sees to be the lessons of history and the contemporary world for these nations. He concludes by using his analysis to speculate on possibilities for peace in the global community.

Politics and the Stages of Growth.

In The Stages of Economic Growth, for which he is known around the world, W. W. Rostow distinguished five basic stages of growth experienced by societies as they change from a pre-industrial state to full economic maturity. In this book the analysis is continued but the focus is shifted, from economic growth to politics. Professor Rostow see politics as an eternal triangle of competing imperatives - of security, welfare, and constitutional order. Using this concept, he examines the political meaning and content of each of the stages as experienced by eight countries; Great Britain, France, China, Japan, Russia, Turkey, Mexico and the United States. He goes on to consider, in the heart of the book, a uniquely political stage: the search for quality which is possible in an age of high mass consumption. Special attention is given the United States. Professor Rostow also examines the character of politics in the developing nations of today, and makes explicit what he sees to be the lessons of history and the contemporary world for these nations. He concludes by using his analysis to speculate on possibilities for peace in the global community.

Politics and the Stages of Growth.

In The Stages of Economic Growth, for which he is known around the world, W. W. Rostow distinguished five basic stages of growth experienced by societies as they change from a pre-industrial state to full economic maturity. In this book the analysis is continued but the focus is shifted, from economic growth to politics. Professor Rostow see politics as an eternal triangle of competing imperatives - of security, welfare, and constitutional order. Using this concept, he examines the political meaning and content of each of the stages as experienced by eight countries; Great Britain, France, China, Japan, Russia, Turkey, Mexico and the United States. He goes on to consider, in the heart of the book, a uniquely political stage: the search for quality which is possible in an age of high mass consumption. Special attention is given the United States. Professor Rostow also examines the character of politics in the developing nations of today, and makes explicit what he sees to be the lessons of history and the contemporary world for these nations. He concludes by using his analysis to speculate on possibilities for peace in the global community.