Construction Of Peace Research Articles

Post-Conflict Peace Construction in Somaliland

The Horn of African region has witnessed a prolonged conflict, and Somaliland has grabbed its share. This article explores and finds answers for the questions related with the blockage factors of post-conflict peace construction in Somaliland, analyses and assesses the internal and external dynamics of peace blockages, including but not limited to; constitutional gaps, individuals and interest groups, media and donor approaches. Moreover, other challenges to peace construction are examined, with the understanding that many times to reach a peace agreement or to conclude a peace dialogue is more important than its sustainability. Somaliland peace construction is a viable critique to the entire established peace building and state formation models, including; Liberal, Republican NEPAD’s Model. The study is exploratory and intends to present and assess internal and external blockages of post-conflict peace construction. It made use of an in-depth review on the existing literature as a method of data collection under the qualitative approach to research. It is found by the study that a number of internal challenges are faced by Somaliland in its post-conflict peace construction which are; constitutional gaps, individual and group interests, as well as the media which could play a clear role towards peace building, but also can exacerbate the tensions and mistrust, external challenges include without limitation the lack by donors to invite the Somaliland government to participate in fundraising and sectoral allocation.

La Construcción y consolidación de la paz: acciones en el marco de la responsabilidad social de las mipymes en colombia

This article is the result of one of the objectives formulated in the research project, developed between the Minuto de Dios University Corporation - UNIMINUTO, Bogotá headquarters, the ITM Higher Education Institution of Medellín and the National Institute of Professional Technical Training - INFOTEP of San Juan del César (La Guajira), which seeks to propose Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategies for MSME that encourage the linkage of these organizations to peace-building actions from the territory. It starts from the question: What are the actions within the framework of social responsibility, carried out by MSME, that enable the construction and consolidation of Peace in their territories? The reference places, the Metropolitan Area of Medellín, the municipality of San Juan del César and the municipality of Aguazul (Casanare), were taken into account as analysis scenarios. The topic of Social Responsibility for MSME is framed, in an analytical and descriptive manner, in the components presented by the ISO 26000 standard (ISO, 2010), and the lines of action formulated in the 2016 Peace agreement between the government of President of Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos and the extinct FARC Guerrilla (today the Comunes party) in Colombia. Based on the findings obtained, the business actions that are formulated in a CSR Plan must seek to deepen their relationship with the environment, positively impacting a stable and lasting construction of peace.

Agentes educativos para la construcción de paz desde la primera infancia

The Ministry of National Education (MEN) highlights the importance of the training that educational agents receive, since it allows them to perform their functions in the transmission of training knowledge. It invites them to change their attitude towards boys and girls, to discover them and to look for the conditions that promote their abilities and their development throughout their first years of life (MEN, 2009, p. 19). This study is developed with a qualitative approach and a participatory action research (PAR) design, which energized the collection of information from community management considering the theoretical principles that support the categories of the study: childhood, youth and builders. of peace. The lack of knowledge that educational agents have regarding the care and well-being of children in their stage of development was identified, which is essential in the training process to enhance their abilities and skills. The generation of actions for the construction of peace from early childhood must occur jointly with educational agents, caregivers and parents, who, together as a social group, constitute the center of relationships, satisfying physical, emotional and social interests. emotional.

Technology diplomacy in early Communist China: the visit to the Jingjiang Flood Diversion Project in 1952.

This article focuses on the 1952 visit to the Jingjiang Flood Diversion Project, the first large-scale water infrastructure built on the Yangzi river after the founding of the People's Republic of China, by a foreign delegation from the Asia-Pacific Peace Conference. Serving as a form of technology diplomacy, this trip advanced two main purposes for the newly established country - to build up closer ties with 'foreign friends' who advocated international peace in the context of the Korean War, and to demonstrate China's own technical capabilities and achievements as part of the national campaign of 'peaceful construction' of the early 1950s. I argue that vernacular technologies, which were grounded in indigenous knowledge and practices for water control in the mid-Yangzi region, were essential in shaping China's self-reliant modernization and China's public diplomacy, which targeted individuals without scientific or technical backgrounds.

Values Education: An Educational Approach to Train Students in the 1st Cycle of Portuguese Basic Education for Citizenship

Education in values develops in the family, in schools and in society in general, through human coexistence and interpersonal relationships. The cementing of this education is necessary today to overcome many problems, conflicts and inhumane situations. Values are statements and/or principles that each human being internalizes and converts into valued actions and everyday experiences (Ballester & Calvo, 2007, p. 34-39). The transmission of a set of essential values to the current society characterizes the mutual relationship between adult-child/youth in training, covering up, disguising and reinforcing existing egocentrism (Andrade, 1997). The problem of education for values constitutes a transversal theme across the curricular areas of the 1st Cycle of Basic Education (1st CEB). According to Zabalza (2000, p. 21): “the theme of values was and will be a key theme in any process of action and reflection on people and their actions”. Educating for values in students' compulsory education is contributing to their formation as people and citizens (Ortega & Mínguez, 2003). The purposes of this education are to encourage students to develop daily the application of values in coexistence and the construction of peace, solidarity and tolerance. It is also important for 1st CEB teachers to develop teaching strategies to promote values in students, in any learning context; for the formation of future citizens in a democratic society.

Amplifying English Language Teachers’ in-betweenness of their experiences in peace construction

Amplifying English Language Teachers’ in-betweenness of their experiences in peace construction

Farianas, experiencias desde la insurgencia

This article aims to approach the experiences of women insurgents of the FARC-EP within the armed conflict context, before the signing of the Final Peace Agreement. The analytical references were presented from two perspectives: peace studies and feminism. The methodological approach is qualitative. Dialogical techniques were used with women who signed the peace agreement, and who are currently in the reincorporation process. The inquiry revolved around their role in the transformation of society, the construction of peace, and the guarantees of non-repetition of the different types of violence that took place during the armed conflict in Colombia. This work collects what these women expressed regarding equality, femininity, community life, maternity, and care, all mediated by the socio-historical context of the war in Colombia.

Micoahumado, Tarso and Mogotes: From the non violent civil resistance to the construction of territorial peace in Colombia

Este artículo reivindica el valor epistemológico y político de tres procesos comunitarios gestados en el seno del conflicto armado colombiano, que son ejercicios de resistencia civil no violenta al involucrar actores civiles colectivos que utilizaron medios pacíficos para responder a las afectaciones generadas por los actores armados y a las condiciones injustas de exclusión a las que habían sido sometidas a causa de la ausencia o indiferencia del Estado. En esas condiciones de vulnerabilidad, las comunidades de Micoahumado (Bolívar), Mogotes (Santander) y Tarso (Antioquia) negociaron con los grupos armados garantías de seguridad y exigieron a las autoridades el cumplimiento de sus funciones esenciales apersonándose de la planificación del desarrollo territorial, fortaleciendo los lazos de solidaridad y fomentando una cultura de paz.

The Impact of Digital Technology on International Relations: The Case of the War between Russia and Ukraine

Background: The concept of a strong state is no longer measured by its military and economic strength, but also by the level of its ability to both defend against cyber-attacks and control cyberspace. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it became clear that modern technology had an active role on the ground. This research focuses on the role of modern technology in conflicts and as a key factor in relations between states. It has been proven that technology has led to the creation of new concepts in international relations - the concept of technological sanctions, electronic warfare, and so on. This paper will focus deeply on studying the impact of technology on international relations, and its role in war, peace and security. The researcher uses the Russian-Ukrainian war to support these ideas. Methods: In this paper, the researcher used an analytical and structural method to provide an in-depth perspective on the impact of new technology on international relations. Moreover, a case study on the war between Russia and Ukraine were deployed to explain how new technology is heavily involved in international relations. To support the ideas discussed in this paper, the author uses legal texts, international conventions, and official reports issued from national and international institutions. Result and Conclusion: In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of how IT has affected international relations has been presented. The researcher found that digital technology is considered a new international distribution of power and driving force in the social construction of war and peace. The paper also found that the war between Russia and Ukraine has proven that new technology is widely used in the conflict. The researcher also found that there is a binding legal framework to regulate the activities of the cyber domain. Moreover, new types of sanctions have been emerging internationally. During the conflict, new means of funding and new types of currency have been also been employed, which is considered a new challenge to international relations. The main finding of the paper is that new technology and cyberspace activities cannot be governed locally. The international community should involve civil actors in the governing and regulatory process of cyberspace.

Konstruksi Perdamaian Antara Pengungsi Sampang Dengan Warga Desa Karanggayam Dan Bluuran Dalam Merajut Harmoni

The success in resolving the Sampang Conflict of stakeholders is an outstanding achievement in building harmony in Karanggayam and Bluuran villages. This research seeks to describe the progress of the connection between Sampang refugees and villagers in ex-conflict locations through an analysis of peace construction. Using a qualitative approach, the researcher conducted direct observation and interviews to explore the peace construction happening. The result of the research shows that peace construction is realized through 1) effective channels of communication such as religious development programs and silaturrahim; 2) an effective system of arbitration through the existence of Team 5 (Five); 3) an integrative climate in religious activities portraits such as pengajian, maulud, tahlilan, and funeral ceremony; 4) a critical mass of peace enhancing leadership consisting of Regent of Sampang, Liaison Officer (LO), Ulama, and Team 5; 5) just structure by way of Ikrar.

Un acercamiento para repensar la voz y construir la paz: resistencias ante la violencia de género

The purpose of this article is to think about voice in order to reflect on the reasons for the exclusion of women’s voice in political contexts. It seeks to reinforce the connection between discourse and listening as a constructive path to social and political peace, especially from a feminist perspective that recovers voice as a central element for this construct and based on Adriana Cavarero’s theoretical approach. The absence of women’s voice from logocentric traditions cancels possibilities of resistance and separates voice and discourse, an issue underpinned by binary metaphysics that block plurality, singularity, and difference. From there emanate exclusionary univocentric totalitarian forms with the consequence of the emergence of violence. This voice in plurality demands a listening that is constituted as a horizon to promote the political space and the construction of peace.

Un acercamiento para repensar la voz y construir la paz: resistencias ante la violencia de género

The purpose of this article is to think about voice in order to reflect on the reasons for the exclusion of women’s voice in political contexts. It seeks to reinforce the connection between discourse and listening as a constructive path to social and political peace, especially from a feminist perspective that recovers voice as a central element for this construct and based on Adriana Cavarero’s theoretical approach. The absence of women’s voice from logocentric traditions cancels possibilities of resistance and separates voice and discourse, an issue underpinned by binary metaphysics that block plurality, singularity, and difference. From there emanate exclusionary univocentric totalitarian forms with the consequence of the emergence of violence. This voice in plurality demands a listening that is constituted as a horizon to promote the political space and the construction of peace.

МОЛОДЕЖНЫЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ В ПОСТРЕВОЛЮЦИОННОМ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИИ РОССИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ДОНСКОГО КОМСОМОЛА: 20-Е ГОДЫ XX ВЕКА)

The purpose of the article is to study the history of the creation and development of the Don organization of the Russian Communist Youth League in the 1920s of the 20th century, its contribution to the development and transformation of Russia during this period. Both general scientific and concrete historical methods are used. These methods are used to analyze the work of the unions of proletarian youth; to describe the forms of involvement in the communist youth organ-ization; to reveal the tasks assigned by the higher bod-ies to the Komsomol cells and the ways to solve them. The transition to peaceful construction took place in a very difficult situation: industrial production decreased seven times, the largest Don enterprises did not work due to the lack of raw materials and fuel; gross agricul-tural output decreased by 33% compared to the pre-war level; the number of livestock sharply decreased; acre-age continued to decrease. Measures needed to be taken to restore and develop the economy and culture. Komsomol members and Don youth took an active part in this work. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the restoration of the national economy, the collection of food taxes, work with farm laborers, cultural and educa-tional activities were the contribution of the Don Kom-somol to the post-revolutionary transformation of Rus-sia.

The fantasy of Greater East Asia: the racializing discourse of ‘peaceful construction’ and Japan’s occupation of Singapore

This article examines the Japanese wartime discourse on the construction of Greater East Asia as an instrument of racialization by looking at the writings of Ibuse Masuji, Jinbo Kōtarō, and Nakajima Kenzō; Japanese writers and literary critics who served with the military propaganda unit in Singapore under Japanese rule (1942–1945). The nonfiction writings on Japanese language education by Nakajima and Jinbo and the interethnic romance written by Ibuse each take part in multilayered modes of racialization – (in)visibilization, infantilization, re-ethnicization, and feminization. I argue that these different modes of racialization collectively provide the language and content for the narcissistic fantasy of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, thereby displacing the brutal reality of Japanese occupation.

Fear and its relationship with the protection of the Rights of Boys and Girls. Contributions from education in the construction of peace and coexistence

This writing is the product of an investigation that is in its first stage and its purpose is to analyze how certain phenomena of social reality impact the lives of boys and girls, generating fear, which implies the violation of their rights. Thus, from this phenomenon, it is necessary to identify the elements that affect the construction of that fear and provide the tools to transform this situation, so that they are used in the construction of peace and social coexistence. To develop this first phase of the study, an applied sample was taken in children from the city of Sogamoso, Boyacá; through surveys in order to determine the factors that affect the construction of fear and determine, how it can be transformed. Into something positive and how the law contributes to the protection of children in these abnormal circumstances

이북명 소설에 나타난 노동 현실 연구

The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in the labor reality in Lee Buk-myeong's novels according to social situations. Novelist Lee Buk-myung started as a literary writer who embodies the vivid reality of workers lives in relation to the Bolshevik line of KAPF in the colonial era. His literary flow can be brought up by the following periodical segmentation. First, in the novel by Lee Buk-myung, the oppression mechanism that he directly or indirectly experienced while working as a worker at the Joseon Nitrogen Fertilizer Factory in Noguchi(野口) Konzern for three years from 1927 is concretely embodied. This is embodied labor reality of factory environment full of noise and stench, industrial accidents related to injuries, diseases and deaths, layoffs and unauthorized dismissals through physical examinations, and ethnic discrimination resulting from duties, wages, and various types of treatment. Second, it is possible to find the labor reality symbolized by the accumulation mechanisms in which capital and imperial ideology continuously tame workers and the aspect of worker resistance at the points of awakening that reject it. These acclimation mechanisms are achieved in the Joseon Nitrogen Fertilizer Factory through religious magazines that exhort integrity and diligence based on Protestant ethics. However, the tragedy of a colleague who eventually dies due to an industrial accident and unlawful dismissal becomes a trigger for the workers to start the May Day struggle. In addition, it criticizes the acclimation mechanisms of the imperial educational ideology through the narrative in which an individual who has been disciplined by the ethics of integrity and honesty under the general education system of Japanese imperialism quickly turns to an action based on traditional and instinctive agent in a dramatic crisis situation. Third, Lee Buk-myung's work, written as part of a production novel, a national literature that was forced on writers under the wartime mobilization system at the end of the colonial period, was intended to be a narrative of irony in order to indirectly criticize it under the oppressive situation of patriotism in the rear. It seems to follow the logic of the Japanese imperialist patriotism in the rear by using a sick engineer with no field experience, but implicitly, not only was I touched by the tenacious life of grassroots, not the spirit of protecting the country with electricity. Ironically, he criticizes the labor reality of wartime mobilization under the new system of Konoe(近衛)'s cabinet by causing bitter laughter by his weak and sloppy behavior as an engineer. Fourth, the period of peaceful construction that came along with the liberation and the rapidly changing labor reality under the post-war reconstruction construction and socialist political system is eloquent as the typical form of labor ethic of state socialism. This leads to the strengthening of a work ethic of selflessness that taboos individual desires and turns all labor into social work, and leads to a monolithic leadership system that follows it like a halo. Therefore, whole society is transformed into a factory state in the state of unity of ‘life=labor’ and ‘individual=nation(people)’ by driving all individual lives into a social plaza. In order for this work ethic to permeate all parts of society and for the state to become a factory for production, education and agitation work must start from the family, the smallest unit of society, and the ячейка unit within the factory. Public labor as a product of forced ideology and refinement, and propaganda novels written in the dimension of public-refinement, to reinforce it, can be said to be another acclimation mechanism that forms the fundamental basis of North Korea's view of labor and art.

COMPLEXITIES OF THE PEACEBUILDING PROCESS IN AFGHANISTAN

  The long-lasting conflict in Afghanistan leads to an aggravation of the socio-economic crisis in the country. This is a serious obstacle to the stable development of Afghan society and a challenge to regional security. The peace talks in Qatar in September 2020 between the Government of the IRA and the Taliban movement could contribute to ending the conflict and implementing measures for the peaceful construction and development of the country. However, the events following the announcement of the withdrawal of international forces from Afghanistan and the coming to power of the Taliban government have once again put on the agenda the issue of finding ways to resolve the conflict as soon as possible by peaceful means.          The article analyzes the fundamental principles of establishing the peace process in Afghanistan. Exploring the interaction of all parties involved in the peace process, the authors pose research questions: "What are the main difficulties in establishing a peace process in Afghanistan?" and “is there a prospect of achieving peace and stability in modern Afghanistan?"      The role of national, regional and international actors in establishing peace in Afghanistan is considered based on the content-analysis and review of the opinion of the expert community (using the Delphi method), as well as their own observations (the included observation method) of one of the authors of the article, who was a direct participant in the Doha negotiation process. Key words: Peacebuilding, nation building, stability, US Military withdrawal, Afghanistan

The Participation of the Women in Tunisia in The Construction of Peace: Relevant Participation in The Democratic Transition

A few months after obtaining the Independence the 20 of March of 1956, new rectifications were carried out in order to modernize and promote the foundations of the first republic, following European models, new rectifications that touch all sectors on all especially legislative sphere of the state, taking the example of the Tunisian constitution which inspired from the Western constitutions, social codes, penal codes ... among others. In the same year the Code of Personal Status was promulgated giving many rights to the women who remain, till now as the legislative platform the most revolutionary in the Arab and Muslim world. This article proposes a documentary analysis of the participation of the Tunisian women in the construction of peace after the Arab Spring

Workplace Peace Construction Through Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in the University of Calabar

Workplace Peace Construction Through Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in the University of Calabar

POST-SOVIET DRAMA OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (IN CONNECTION WITH THE 99TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FORMATION OF THE USSR AND THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF ITS ABOLISHMENT)

The article was prepared in connection with the 99th anniversary of the formation of the USSR and the 30th anniversary of the termination of its existence. The article reveals the relationship between the norms of the Constitution of the USSR of 1924 (and subsequent versions of the document) on the self-determination of nations and their right to secede from the Union with the real process of destruction of a single state. It is shown that the disintegration of the Union was carried out not in connection with the constitutional right of the union republics to self-determination, not with the observance of the appropriate procedures for leaving the single state, but, on the contrary, on an anti-constitutional basis. The author reveals the artificial and politically motivated nature of the arguments regarding the «mines» laid down in their time by the Bolsheviks under the national state structure of the USSR. This device turned out to be productive both for repelling military aggression and for peaceful construction, because it was formed taking into account the totality of the binding circumstances of its time, on the principles of equality and voluntary self-determination. It has been proven that the absence of the right to secede from parts of a single state does not provide any guarantees against the collapse of this state, an example of which is the European monarchies that ended their journey at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as the events in the USSR and around the Chechen Republic. The fundamental difference between constitutional multinational formations, one of which was the Soviet Union, and formations built on a contractual basis following the example of the Gorbachev SSG, the Belovezhskaya agreement on the creation of the CIS and the Union State of Russia and Belarus, is revealed.