Pb Particles Research Articles

Enhancing machinability in free-cutting duplex brass alloys: Isotropic blocky α phase formation via optimized hot extrusion processing

Despite the active utilization of duplex brass alloys in the electronics and automotive industries, optimizing thermomechanical treatment conditions for achieving excellent machinability remains a subject of ongoing debate. In this study, to establish a strategy to achieve enhanced machinability via industrial-scale direct hot extrusion processing, we systematically investigated the effect of hot extrusion processing conditions on microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and machinability of duplex brass alloys. In particular, the yield strength was effectively interpreted through the extended Hall-Petch relationship, and the machinability was further elucidated through the evaluation of rotational torque during the drilling test as well as the precise analysis of segmented chips produced in the drilling test. As a result, our microstructural analysis of the as-cast Cu58Zn39Pb3 alloy revealed that the cooling process during industrial-scale casting inevitably results in the formation of the Widmanstätten structured α phase and the heterogeneous dispersion of Pb particles. In contrast, 670 ℃ extruded lower part and 730 ℃ extrudates, which were extruded in the single β region that caused complete dynamic recrystallization behavior, exhibited a uniform and isotropic blocky α structure and uniformly redistributed Pb particles, ultimately leading to superior mechanical properties and machinability. Notably, our findings suggest that achieving an isotropic blocky α structure can be attained at temperatures up to 100 ℃ below the β-transus temperature by optimizing extrusion pressure conditions. This approach offers an efficient methodology for minimizing defects caused by high-temperature extrusion, such as surface oxidation and hot shortness cracking, while simultaneously minimizing processing costs.

Contamination of consumer composts by metals, microplastics and other microscopic debris.

Very little information exists on the particle and chemical contamination of consumer (horticultural) composts. In this study, anthropogenic microcellulosics (AMCs), microplastics (MPs) and other microscopic debris, along with anthropogenically impacted metals (Cu, Zn, Pb), have been determined in 12 composts (seven garden composts and five growbags) purchased at outlets in the UK. AMCs and MPs, determined microscopically, were present in all samples at up to about 1100kg-1 dw. AMCs were more abundant and were dominated by fibres constructed of rayon and cotton, while petroleum-based MPs exhibited a greater diversity in shape and polymeric construction (including polyolefins, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, resins, paints and rubbers). Other microdebris, present in much smaller concentrations in the composts, consisted of fragments of glass, metal and machined wood and spherical glass beads. Concentrations of the anthropogenically impacted metals, Cu, Pb and Zn, determined directly by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, were heterogeneously distributed and averaged 52.4, 192 and 51.6mgkg-1 dw, respectively. Although concentrations of anthropogenic particles were not related to cost or type of compost, physico-chemical properties or metal concentrations, a significant relationship between Pb content and particle diversity (number of polymers and debris types) was established. This relationship might result from the general contamination of the environment by both Pb and anthropogenic particulates, or the association of the metal with various types of material (e.g. paints, polyvinyl chloride, glass). Despite the ubiquity and diversity of MPs and microdebris in consumer composts, an understanding of their impacts on plant growth, either directly or indirectly (e.g. by interacting with metals), is unknown.

Evaluating the selectivity of CO2 reduction reaction on elementary metal particles with DFT calculations

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) towards two-electron products is a competent technique to convert renewable electricity into chemical energy at ambient conditions. Poly-crystalline metals are well-known electrocatalysts for CO2RR. However, no theoretical research was reported to date that evaluates the selectivity of two-electron CO2RR on metal particles. In this work, we proposed a paradigm to evaluate the product selectivity of CO2RR on metal particles. The product selectivity on three low-index surfaces of six metals (In, Pb, Ag, Au, Ni, and Pt) was firstly determined based on the detailed reaction mechanisms established for CO2RR to products of HCOOH and CO. Then, the product selectivity of CO2RR on the first four metal particles was evaluated using the effective free energy barrier which accounts for the facet dependence of CO2RR on the metal particles. The computational results well rationalize the experimental observations, namely preference of HCOOH to CO on the In and Pb particles with higher HCOOH selectivity on the Pb particle, while CO preferred to HCOOH on the Ag and Au particles with higher CO selectivity on the Au particle.

Effect of Continuous Casting and Heat Treatment Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Recycled EN AW-2007 Alloy.

The growing use of aluminum and its compounds has increased the volume of aluminum waste. To mitigate environmental impacts and cut down on manufacturing expenses, extensive investigations have recently been undertaken to recycle aluminum compounds. This paper outlines the outcomes of a study on fabricating standard EN AW-2007 alloy using industrial and secondary scrap through continuous casting. The resultant recycled bars were analyzed for their chemical makeup and examined for microstructural features in both the cast and T4 states, undergoing mechanical property evaluations. The study identified several phases in the cast form through LM, SEM + EDS, and XRD techniques: Al7Cu2Fe, θ-Al2Cu, β-Mg2Si, Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si7, and α-Al15(FeMn)3 (SiCu)2, along with Pb particles. Most primary intermetallic precipitates such as θ-Al2Cu, β-Mg2Si, and Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si7 dissolved into the α-Al solid solution during the solution heat treatment. In the subsequent natural aging process, the θ-Al2Cu phase predominantly emerged as a finely dispersed hardening phase. The peak hardness achieved in the EN AW-2007 alloy was 124.8 HB, following a solution heat treatment at 500 °C and aging at 25 °C for 80 h. The static tensile test assessed the mechanical and ductility properties of the EN AW-2007 alloy in both the cast and T4 heat-treated states. Superior strength parameters were achieved after solution heat treatment at 500 °C for 6 h, followed by water quenching and natural aging at 25 °C/9 h, with a tensile strength of 435.0 MPa, a yield strength of 240.5 MPa, and an appreciable elongation of 18.1% at break. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of producing defect-free EN AW-2007 alloy ingots with excellent mechanical properties from recycled scrap using the continuous casting technique.

Pb nanospheres encapsulated in metal–organic frameworks-derived porous carbon as anode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Alloying-type anode materials are considered promising candidates for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities. However, their application is limited by the severe capacity decay stemming from dramatic volume changes during Na+ insertion/extraction processes. Here, Pb nanospheres encapsulated in a carbon skeleton (Pb@C) were successfully synthesized via a facile metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived method and used as anodes for SIBs. The nanosized Pb particles are uniformly incorporated into the porous carbon framework, effectively mitigating volume changes and enhancing Na+ ion transport during discharging/charging. Benefiting from this unique architecture, a reversible capacity of 334.2 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 is achieved after 6000 cycles corresponding to an impressive 88.2 % capacity retention and a minimal capacity loss of 0.00748 % per cycle. Furthermore, a high-performance full sodium-ion battery of Pb@C//NVPF was constructed, demonstrating a high energy density of 291 Wh kg−1 and power density of 175 W kg−1. This facile MOFs-derived method offers insights into the design of high-capacity alloy-type anode materials using Pb sources, opening up new possibilities for innovative approaches to Pb recycling and pollution prevention.

Exosome-Coated Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for Specific Targeting and Treatment of Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and invasive types of brain cancer with a 5-year survival rate of 6.8%. With limited options, patients often have poor quality of life and are moved to palliative care after diagnosis. As a result, there is an extreme need for a novel theranostic method that allows for early diagnosis and noninvasive treatment as current peptide-based delivery standards may have off-target effects. Prussian Blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) have recently been investigated as photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal ablation agents. However, due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), their use in glioblastoma treatment is limited. By utilizing a hybrid, biomimetic nanoparticle composed of a PBNP interior and a U-87 cancer cell-derived exosome coating (Exo:PB), we show tumor-specific targeting within the brain and selective thermal therapy potential due to the strong photoconversion abilities. Particle characterization was carried out and showed a complete coating around the PBNPs that contains exosome markers. In vitro cellular uptake patterns are similar to native U-87 exosomes and when exposed to an 808 nm laser, show localized cell death within the specified region. After intravenous injection of Exo:PB into subcutaneously implanted glioblastoma mice, they have shown effective targeting and eradication of tumor volume compared to PEG-coated PBNPs (PEG:PB). Through systemic administration of Exo:PB particles into orthotopic glioblastoma-bearing mice, the PBNP signal was detected in the brain tumor region through PAI. It was seen that Exo:PB had preferential tumor accumulation with less off-targeting compared to the RGD:PB control. Ex vivo analysis validated specific targeting with a direct overlay of Exo:PB with the tumor by both H&E staining and Ki67 labeling. Overall, we have developed a novel biomimetic material that can naturally cross the BBB and act as a theranostic agent for systemic targeting of glioblastoma tissue and photothermal therapeutic effect.

Simple surface modification of barium sulfate for improving the interface of polymer composites and its x‐ray shielding properties

AbstractRadiation shielding materials have been researched using Pb and metal oxide particles, and composites of resin and barium sulfate (BaSO4) have been reported. In addition, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have often been used as a nanomaterial to improve the mechanical strength of resin–BaSO4 composites. The literature includes no examples of these two materials—BaSO4 and MWCNTs—being used at the interface of composites. We effectively modified the surface of BaSO4 by a simple process involving strong electrostatic interaction between positively charged barium and negatively charged functional groups on the MWCNT surface. The process is simple and can form large amounts of MWCNTs that coat BaSO4 surfaces. As a result, MWCNTs remained on the BaSO4 surface even after the MWCNT‐coated BaSO4 was washed with a solvent and subjected to melt mixing. The physical anchoring of MWCNTs onto the BaSO4 surface improved the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of the resultant composites. The originality of this research is that MWCNTs can be coated onto the surface by only electrostatic interaction without using a polymer adhesive. In addition, the x‐ray shielding performance of the MWCNT‐containing composites was the same as that of composites prepared without the MWCNTs.Highlights MWCNTs were coated onto the surface of BaSO4 by electrostatic interaction. Interfacial adhesion of PS composites was improved by coating MWCNTs. The MWCNTs did not affect the x‐ray shielding performance.

Synthesis of graphite-based lead composites and modification of their physicochemical and electrochemical properties.

The present work describes preparation of a graphite lead composite, its modification and the examination of basic physicochemical and electrochemical properties. Graphite lead composites are the products of reaction of lead chloride with flaky graphite performed in a molten salt system. The process was carried out at 450 °C for 96 hours. In the second stage, the obtained composites were subjected to thermal or chemical treatment in order to modify their physicochemical properties. The structure of the as prepared material has been examined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Transmission electron microscopy analysis (TEM) along with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) have been used to determine the size as well as the distribution of Pb particles. To study the electrochemical properties of graphite-based lead composites, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic methods have been used. It has been proved that the thermally modified compound at 600 °C contains on its surface spherical particles of lead chloride and/or oxide with diameters varying from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers. The acquired electrochemical results revealed that graphite/Pb composites exhibit good electrochemical activity towards the reversible reaction of Pb → Pb2+ oxidation. Charge associated with the reversible transformation of Pb to Pb2+ amounts to 15.72 C g-1 and 14.62 C g-1 for the original compound and the compound heated at 600 °C, respectively. It has been also proved that the highest level of structure modification of the composite is reached by its chemical treatment with hydrogen peroxide. However, the mentioned modification leads to the removal of the entire lead from the structure of the graphite matrix.

Metallurgical pathways of lead leaching from brass

Leaded (Pb) brass components used in water pipeworks are prone to lead leaching following soldering or brazing during installation. Synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging shows that in the initial state of potable-water grade brass samples, Pb exists mainly as isolated or linked-together particles from sub-micron to several microns large. On heating to the usual soldering temperature of ~200 °C, the Pb contents surface rapidly via diffusion pathways involving an interpenetrating Pb–brass structure with orientation relationship (11bar{1})α-brass//(220)Pb; [011]α-brass//[bar{1}13]Pb. On heating to the usual brazing temperature of 700 °C, the Pb particles melt and expand in volume, with the Pb content forced into the brass lattice preferentially along {101}α-brass planes, forming Pb phase of low sphericity or even large sheets. On immersion in water, the surfaced Pb particles are oxidized to form PbO needles along the normal direction of {bar{2}bar{2}2}PbO planes, which are then easily washed away to cause Pb leaching.

Exposure Assessment of Heavy Metals and Microplastic-like Particles from Consumption of Bivalves.

The aim of this study was to determine the contamination of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and microplastic (MP)-like particles in bivalves and estimate the exposure of the Thai population to these contaminants due to bivalve consumption. Clams, mussels and cockles were purchased from five wholesale seafood markets located on the upper Gulf of Thailand during the period 2017-2019. Determinations of Cd and Pb in the bivalves were conducted using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS). Visualization was conducted using a stereomicroscope to investigate the morphology and content of MP-like particles in the bivalve samples. The average Pb contents in clams, mussels and cockles were 112, 64 and 151 µg/kg wet wt., respectively. The average Cd contents were 126, 107 and 457 µg/kg wet wt. for clams, mussels and cockles, respectively. The average number of MP-like particles in bivalve samples varied from not detected to 1.2 items/g wet wt. and not detected to 4.3 items/individual. The exposure to Pb, Cd and MP-like particles due to bivalve consumption varied between 0.005 and 0.29 µg/kg bw/day, 0.017 and 28.9 µg/kg bw/month and 0.015 and 27.5 items/person/day, respectively. There was no potential health risk of exposure to Pb and Cd due to bivalve consumption in any age group. However, a high consumption of cockles with high Cd levels (the worst-case scenario) in children may be of concern.

Nano‐Impact Electrochemistry Reveals Kinetics Information of Metal‐Ion Battery Materials with Multiple Redox Centers

AbstractPrussian blue (PB) has emerged as a promising cathode material in aqueous batteries. It possesses two distinct redox centers, and the potassium ions (K+) are unevenly distributed throughout the compound, adding complexity to the interpretation of the K+ insertion/de‐insertion kinetic mechanism. Traditional ensemble‐averaged measurements are limited in uncovering the precise kinetic information of the PB particles, as the results are influenced by the construction of the porous composite electrode and the redox behavior from different particles. In this study, the electrochemical processes of individual PB particles were investigated using nano‐impact electrochemistry. By varying the potentials, different types of transient current signals were obtained that revealed the kinetic mechanism of each oxidation/reduction reaction in combination with theoretical simulation. Additionally, a partially contradictory conclusion between single‐particle analysis and the ensemble‐averaged measurement was discussed. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the electrochemical processes of cathode materials with multiple redox centers, which facilitates the development of effective strategies to optimize these materials.

Elemental composition of PM10 in indoor environments of a scientific research institution and risk assessment

ABSTRACT Synchronized indoor and outdoor sampling campaigns of PM10 were performed in two research laboratories and a mechanical workshop in Mexico City, during the dry cold season. The goals were to measure indoor and outdoor gravimetric mass and elemental concentrations, recognize the origin of particles, penetration toward the indoor environments, and assess inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption risks to human health. Concentrations of 18 elements were measured with X-ray Fluorescence; selected samples were studied with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Mass concentrations were higher outdoors than indoors and elemental concentrations were similar. Enrichment factors identified several geogenic elements. Cluster Analysis recognized common sources of elements and penetration of outdoor particles to indoor environments. Particles emitted indoors could be identified. Exposure to Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb particles produced low health risks; Cr may only cause an ingestion risk. Only outdoor Mn and Ni Hazard Quotients are higher outdoors than indoors.

Effect of stagnation period and flow rate on soluble and particulate Pb leaching in copper pipe water distribution systems

Extremely high lead level in tap water caused by particulates has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Despite extensive research on the role of particulate Pb in water supply systems with lead service lines, little information is available on the role of particulate Pb in copper (Cu) water distribution systems. In this study, the dissolved, colloidal, and particulate lead and copper concentrations in representative prototype copper pipe water distribution systems with leaded solder joints and brass fixtures are measured. The effects of flow rate and stagnation time on metal fractionation are investigated. For each experimental scenario, all the water that stagnated inside the system is sampled to have a comprehensive understanding of lead contamination. Sampled at flow rates of 200–250 mL/s, the soluble lead and copper make up 60–96 % of the total concentration in the samples after hours of stagnation. More than half of the Pb and Cu particles are larger than 0.8 μm. Higher flow rates result in substantial increases in particulate metal concentrations but have no apparent effect on dissolved metals. The soluble and particulate copper concentrations (∼ 100–250 μg/L) both increase with stagnation time. For the case of Pb, while the particulate concentration increases (up to ∼ 40 μg/L after 12 h), the soluble concentration does not change significantly beyond 4 h; this can be attributed to the different solubilities of Pb (∼ 20 μg/L) and Cu (∼ 200 μg/L) in tap water. The results also show that particulates suspended by clean “once through” water (without prior stagnation) can lead to high levels of Pb contamination (> 10 μg/L).

Solvent‐Driven Transformation of Microsized Metal Particles into a Nanoporous Structure and Its Application to Ultrafast‐Charging Batteries

AbstractThe coalescence of metal nanoparticles in colloidal solutions is a universal and ubiquitous phenomenon. Using this behavior, a simple yet effective route is developed that enables the spontaneous transformation of microsized metals into nanoporous structures in specific electrolyte solvents. The criteria for selecting solvents and counterpart metals suitable for generating nanoporous structures are derived based on the classical theory of acid–base reactions and quantum chemistry based on density functional theory. When employing the developed method for anodes for Na‐ion batteries, the anodes prepared using microsized Sn, Pb, Bi, and CuS particles store 592, 423, 383, and 546 mAh g−1, respectively, at 10 C with cycling lifetimes of 3000−6000 cycles. This study provides fundamental framework for selecting solvents to realize low‐cost anodes with large capacities, long cycling lifetimes, and excellent rate performances. Moreover, the findings can be extended to other functional materials that can exploit their large specific surface areas.

Residual circulations and wind conditions affect the transport and distribution of Pb

Hydrodynamic conditions affect the dispersion and transportation of pollutants. In this study, 102 surface water samples were collected and numerical simulations were conducted by coupling SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and MIKE 21 models to investigate the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the transport and distribution of Pb in Jiaozhou Bay, China. The tidal current velocity was lowest at flood tide and highest at ebb tide in summer, mainly due to the strong runoff caused by heavy rainfall in summer. The velocity of the residual current near the bay mouth was high, with an average value of 0.32 m/s. The residual currents had alternating clockwise and counter-clockwise circulations of different diameters in the bay mouth and the northern bay. The circulation diameter in the bay mouth area was large, and the circulation extended from the bay mouth to the Yellow Sea. Due to the small circulation diameters and opposite directions of the adjacent circulations in the northern bay, pollutants were easily trapped there. The dissolved Pb particles released from the northern bay mainly migrated to the shore, while the dissolved Pb particles released from the bay mouth tended to migrate to the Yellow Sea. The dominant wind directions and residual currents were the main driving forces affecting the trajectories of the particle tracking simulations. The dissolved Pb concentration in the water was high near shore and in the southwestern bay and under the combined effects of tidal residual current, wind force, and river and wastewater inputs. The low Pb concentration near the bay mouth was mainly influenced by the high residual current velocity. These results can provide improved insights into the mechanism of Pb transport and distribution in a semi-enclosed bay.

Cracking Analysis of a Brass Clamp Mounted on the Main Transformer in the Power Grid System

Cracking of conductive brass accessories in substations causes overheating or an open circuit, seriously affecting the safe and stable operation of the power grid system. A deep understanding of failure mechanisms could provide more safety, as well as lower down costs and save time for the power grid system, which have been seldomly involved in the literature. This paper presents a cracking analysis of a brass clamp in service for seven years that is mounted on the main transformer. The fracture morphology, chemical composition, and metallographic structure of the brass clamp were systematically analyzed, and the stress conditions were obtained by finite element simulation. The clamp exhibits transgranular brittle fracture with high oxygen content in the fracture, containing a crack propagation along the Pb particle connecting pathways, and the stress concentration was confirmed at the crack position. It is concluded that the failure was a result of the stress corrosion cracking and excessive content of Pb. Suggestions were proposed to avoid malfunction of the main transformer caused by the clamp crack.

Cometal Addition Effect on Superconducting Properties and Granular Behaviours of Polycrystalline FeSe0.5Te0.5.

The enhanced performance of superconducting FeSe0.5Te0.5 materials with added micro-sized Pb and Sn particles is presented. A series of Pb- and Sn-added FeSe0.5Te0.5 (FeSe0.5Te0.5 + xPb + ySn; x = y = 0-0.1) bulks are fabricated by the solid-state reaction method and characterized through various measurements. A very small amount of Sn and Pb additions (x = y ≤ 0.02) enhance the transition temperature (Tconset) of pure FeSe0.5Te0.5 by ~1 K, sharpening the superconducting transition and improving the metallic nature in the normal state, whereas larger metal additions (x = y ≥ 0.03) reduce Tconset by broadening the superconducting transition. Microstructural analysis and transport studies suggest that at x = y > 0.02, Pb and Sn additions enhance the impurity phases, reduce the coupling between grains, and suppress the superconducting percolation, leading to a broad transition. FeSe0.5Te0.5 samples with 2 wt% of cometal additions show the best performance with their critical current density, Jc, and the pinning force, Fp, which might be attributable to providing effective flux pinning centres. Our study shows that the inclusion of a relatively small amount of Pb and Sn (x = y ≤ 0.02) works effectively for the enhancement of superconducting properties with an improvement of intergrain connections as well as better phase uniformity.

A Study on Manufacturing Technique and Corrosion Characteristics of Bronze Dirk, Bronze Sword, Bronze Mirror in Early Iron Age Excavated from the Osong Site in Cheongju

Metallography, SEM-EDS, and Raman Micro-Spectroscopy analysis were conducted on bronze dirk, bronze sword, and bronze mirror excavated from the pit tomb No. 1-1 at 12th Point of Osong Site in Cheongju to study the manufacturing techniques and corrosion properties. The bronze dirk, bronze sword and bronze mirror are judged to be binary alloys of Cu(79.16∼79.89 wt%)-Sn (19.12∼20.34 wt%). The microstructure is a cast structure composed of δ phase and (α+δ) eutectoid, and no heat treatment was performed. As a result of classifying the corrosion characteristics, it was confirmed that the bronze dirk, bronze sword, bronze mirror were Type I. As a result of EDS analysis in subsurface area, tin oxide is located as a selective corrosion of (α+δ) eutectoid, and as a result of Raman Micro-Spectroscopy analysis, corrosion products of Cassiterite and Malachite were identified for the bronze dirk and Cassiterite for bronze sword and bronze mirror. The secondary metallic copper was mainly present in the hole left by corrosion of Pb particles and on the (α+δ) eutectoid, and was found to be 100.00 wt% of Cu as a result of the analysis, confirming that all of them were high-purity copper.

Çeşitli İş Kollarında Çalışanların Ellerinden Elde Edilen Yanıltıcı Kalıntı Varlığının Araştırılması

Handswap analysis is carried out in criminal laboratories in order to illuminate the crime scenes in which firearms are used. The reliability of the results obtained from the analyzes is the subject of the chemistry department and is based on sample reliability. In this study, the hand swabs of people working in fifteen various business lines were obtained using transfer kit in order to acquire a scientific response to the issue of whether there would be shot residues in the hands of people in everyday life. Collected samples were first examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS). The elements of Sb&Ba&Pb, as well as their combinations, were investigated in the samples. After SEM-EDS analysis, all samples were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) method to determine the amount of antimony element. According to the results, antimony element was detected on the surface of the caliper used in the printing house via GFAAS. Sb&Ba&Pb particles were also detected by SEM-EDS analysis in the swabs taken from the hands of the automobile battery repairman and the market cashier.

Microstructural Features of Spray‐Deposited Cold Rolled Al Alloy

In the present work, the microstructural studies of spray deposited Al-6Si alloys with different lead content are conducted for 0% and 40% of rolling deformation. SEM and Optical micrographs are taken for different percentage of lead content. Fine equiaxed grain morphology is observed with a uniform distribution of Pb and Si phase in an Al-matrix and it is found from the microstructures that the size of Pb particles increased with the increase in Pb content. Grains are stretched out in the rolling direction after cold rolling. Pore size is found to decrease after 40% rolling reduction, however, it is increased with the increase in Pb content.