Payment Methods Research Articles

Analysis of the Use of E-Money, Money Supply, and Gross Domestic Product on Interest Rate

This research aims to examine the effect of a direct relationship between the use of e-money and the circulation of money on interest rates, as well as an indirect effect, namely through the intervening variable gross domestic product. This research method uses a statistical model of path analysis. The sample used was secondary data fetched from the Website of Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), since regulation on electronic payment method was officially issued by Bank Indonesia in May 2009-March 2023. The test results shows that e-money and money supply each, have a significant positive effect on gross domestic product variables. Gross domestic product variables had a negative effect on interest rates. E-money and money supply variables has a negative effect on interest rates, both directly or indirectly through the intervening variable of gross domestic product. Increasing e-money user and money supply, preponderant to gross domestic product, can decrease the interest rate. The results of this research are expected to provide benefits as a prediction of the Indonesian economy in the future, as a result of the issuance of electronic payment instruments. So for the regulators, they can set the right interest rate policy to be able to maintain stable economic conditions. Keywords: electronic money, money supply, gross domestic bruto, interest rate

The Impact of Financial Literacy and E-Money Use on Transaction Decisions at Warkop Iwan

The rapid development of technology is marked by advances in technology and has entered the digital era. This is characterized by the use of cashless-based payments. One payment method that is currently developing is to use e-money. E-money as a means of payment is quite helpful in the payment process easily, quickly and reliably. This is one of the factors that becomes a person's decision to make a transaction. In addition, financial literacy is important as knowledge in the use of finance to decide someone to transact. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of financial literacy and the use of e-money on transaction decisions. This research method is using quantitative research with the object of research of Warkop Iwan customers taken by 99 respondents. The analysis was performed using SmartPLS. The results showed that financial literacy and the use of e-money on transaction decisions at Warkop Iwan.

Perceptions of the Use of Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) for Payment and its Impact on Consumer Behavior

Currently the use of cash payments is starting to change to a simpler payment method to non-cash transactions, it is supported by digital payment technology that is developing very quickly. One of the payment methods that can be used through smartphones is using QR codes as a way of payment. Using a qualitative approach, this study aims to analyze the influence of usability, ease of use, and trust factors on consumer acceptance of QR and its impact on purchasing behavior through a qualitative approach. The results of this study will contribute to the development of digital payments, especially based on the resulting perceptions and their impact on purchasing behavior.

Fragmentation of payment systems: an in-depth qualitative study of stakeholders’ experiences with the neonatal intensive care payment system in Iran

BackgroundIran’s fee-for-service (FFS) payment model in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is contentious due to the involvement of multiple stakeholders with differing interests, leading to increased costs, fragmentation, and reduced quality of care. This study explores the experiences and challenges of stakeholders with the NICU payment system and considers alternative payment methods.MethodA qualitative research approach was used, involving key informant interviews with stakeholders at various levels of the health system. Data were collected between March 2022 to September 2023 using a purposive sampling method with a snowball strategy. The transcribed data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach in MAXQDA, with themes and sub-themes emerged and assessed by two independent coders. Four trustworthiness criteria were applied to ensure the quality of the results.ResultsThe study involved 23 participants with diverse NICU payment backgrounds, identifying issues related to service accessibility, rising costs, neonatologists’ income, and service quality. Stakeholders held differing views on the best payment model: health insurance executives favored a prospective payment method, faculty members favored supported modified FFS or per diem, and neonatal specialists expressed concerns about low tariffs and delayed payments.ConclusionIran’s NICU payment system is unsatisfactory and requires urgent reform. Although stakeholders disagree on the best approach, reforms must be evidence-based and collaborative, addressing structural and cultural issues within the health system. The identification of an optimal payment system is essential for supporting neonatal care, benefiting newborns, families, society, and the broader health system.

The Size of Transactions, Types of Products, and the Choice Between Electronic Payments and Cash Usage

Fueled by recent policy advancements and technological progress, India’s digital payment system is on the verge of becoming a noteworthy success story. Concurrently, data also highlights the continued reliance on cash. While broad national-level data can provide insights into overall citizen preferences, we utilize a survey-based data-set to gain insight into how factors such as ’transaction size,’ ’nature of the product,’ ’consumer perception,’ ’trust’ in digital payments, and the costs associated with digital transactions influence consumer payment behavior. While demographic factors like age and income play a role in these choices, we discover compelling evidence that an individual’s choice of digital payment methods is strongly shaped by their perception of these options, transaction size, trust, associated costs, and the product category. Notably, we observe that as transaction size increases, the use of digital payment methods tends to decrease.

E-COMMERCE-AN INSIGHT INTO IMPACT OF ONLINE REVIEW ON CUSTOMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR

The trend of shopping in the minds of the customer is changing frequently. At present shopping practice transformed from traditional way to online shopping , which enables the customer to buy the product as per their requirement without any constraints of time , place payment method, brand and product types. Online shopping have created an huge impact on customer buying behaviour because of this 4 factors i.e on source credibility, volume, language with comprehension and relevance. Earlier the majority of the customers were depend on word of mouth method to collect information regarding product which was influencing their buying decisions. But now because of e-commerce, online shopping majorly online customer review format, played an important role in influencing customer 's buying decisions. To fill the research gap we have collected data through questionnaire from the customers those who do online shopping. For effective research outcome both primary data and secondary data is used. Primary data collected through structured questionnaire. This research paper is based on critical examination of the study which reflected the result as per the objectives . The study was mainly focused on the impact of online reviews towards customer buying decisions. through this study it is realised that majority of the public are influenced by online reviews for all types of the products and at present online reviews are creating huge impact towards customer buying behaviour . KEY WORDS: Online shopping , Online review, Word of mouth, Customer buying decisions

Trust and Religiosity: Integrating Technological Acceptance Factors into the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model for Zakat Online Payment Systems

The aim of this study is to examine the adoption of digital zakat payment platforms among micro-entrepreneurs, incorporating trust and religiosity into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. This research extends the traditional UTAUT framework by integrating trust and religiosity as additional determinants of technology adoption intention, alongside the model's core constructs of performance expectancy and social influence. Primary data for this study was gathered through a digital survey disseminated to 110 micro-entrepreneurs in the state of Kedah, all of whom are actively registered with the Malaysian Company Commission (SSM), under the auspices of the Ministry of Domestic Trade, Cooperatives, and Consumerism (KPDNKK). The methodological approach is rooted in structural equation modelling, which facilitates a rigorous empirical analysis of the relationships between technological constructs and user intention. The results reveal that trust and performance expectancy, along with social influence, significantly impact micro-entrepreneurs’ intentions to engage with online zakat payment systems. Interestingly, despite the religious nature of zakat, religiosity did not emerge as a significant predictor in the context of this digital payment adoption. This insight suggests that while religious obligation drives the act of zakat itself, it is the technological aspects of trust and anticipated performance that influence the preference for digital payment methods over traditional ones. This research provides valuable implications for zakat institutions and policymakers aiming to foster the digitalization of religious financial transactions. By highlighting key factors that influence digital adoption, the study underscores the potential for zakat management bodies to innovate and promote digital solutions that align with micro-entrepreneurs' expectations and trust requirements. Ultimately, this study charts a path forward for enhancing digital inclusivity in religious financial practices, marking a transition from conventional to modern, technology-enabled means of fulfilling zakat obligations.

The impact of a cashless electronic payment system on hyperinflation in Bangladesh

The increase of electronic payment methods, or payments that don't include the use of currency has transformed financial transactions. Non-cash transactions are convenient, simple, and fast, among other benefits. Furthermore, payments without cash have an effect on Bangladesh's currency management. The practicality that comes with using transactions without cash causes the velocity of money to increase. The society has seen a decline in payments in cash, yet the velocity of currency causes an intense pace when transactions without cash are used. It is thought that increased money transmission capacity will have hyperinflation implications. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how the cashless payment method affects hyperinflation. This research utilized an analytical approach and additional information from the beginning of 2021 to the end of 2023 that had been collected through Bangladesh Bank using verification methodologies. Multiple linear regression analysis is the process of research. The findings indicated that the factors related to digital currency experienced significant adverse effects, the factors related to debit cards, credit cards, online banking, or mobile banking had a major beneficial effect, the parameters related to credit cards had a meaningless unfavourable impact, and the variables related to rates of interest had an important beneficial effect.

Uptake of biosimilars in China: a retrospective analysis of the case of trastuzumab from 2018 to 2023

BackgroundThe Chinese biosimilar industry has demonstrated rapid growth in recent years. Limited evidence is available about biosimilar uptake at the national level. This study aimed to assess biosimilar uptake in the case of trastuzumab and to explore potential factors influencing the biosimilar penetration at national and provincial levels.MethodsThis study employed an interrupted time series analysis to assess the level and trend changes of national trastuzumab originator consumption and the overall trastuzumab consumption after the price reduction of the originator and the introduction of the first biosimilar using the China Hospital Pharmacy Audit procurement data from March 2018 to February 2023. A latent class trajectory model (LCTM) was also adopted to estimate the biosimilar penetration across 30 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs). Based on the LCTM grouping results, provincial characteristics were analyzed.ResultsAfter rapid growth, the penetration of biosimilars demonstrated a moderate ascending trend at the national level, reaching 27% in February 2023. Following the introduction of the first biosimilar in July 2021, the consumption of the originator decreased by 0.5% per month (P = 0.008), and the growth rate of overall trastuzumab consumption decreased by 1.1% per month (P = 0.014). LCTM fit the best when the number of trajectory classes was two, dividing 30 PLADs into a group demonstrating a faster increase in biosimilar penetration and the other with a slower increase. The PLADs in the fast-increasing group had a higher proportion of the population covered by the national basic health insurance, a lower proportion of the urban population, a lower proportion of the population covered by the urban employee health insurance program, a lower gross domestic product per capita, a lower total health expenditure per capita, and a lower out-of-pocket expenditure.ConclusionsThe uptake of trastuzumab biosimilars in China was lower compared with major European countries. The introduction of trastuzumab biosimilars presented a substitutional effect. Perceptions of physicians and patients, the medicines procurement model, competition from other biologics, and health insurance payment methods may influence biosimilar uptake. Enhancing a comprehensive understanding of biosimilars among physicians and patients, including biologics with biosimilars in the national pooled procurement, and implementing provider payment reforms could foster biosimilar penetration.

A Comparative Study of Cash, Online and Dual Payment Method

A Comparative Study of Cash, Online and Dual Payment Method

The power of electronic Word of Mouth in inducing adoption of emerging technologies

This study examines the influence of electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) on consumer expectations and intentions to adopt emerging technologies, specifically focusing on cryptocurrency payment methods. Employing the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), the research utilizes Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Multi-Group Analysis (PLS-MGA) to analyze data from a diverse sample of 505 respondents sourced from MTurk. The findings reveal that the quality, consistency, and volume of eWOM significantly shape consumer expectations. Notably, the two-sidedness of online reviews does not have any substantial impact on both expectations and adoption behaviors toward cryptocurrency payment methods. Furthermore, factors such as the time spent online, and the frequency of online shopping were found to partially moderate the effects of eWOM on adoption behavior. This research contributes pioneering insights into the role of eWOM in influencing consumer attitudes towards cutting-edge technologies, extending existing knowledge beyond traditional consumer decisions to include technological adoption, particularly in digital finance. This offers valuable implications for technology firms and digital marketers aiming to harness eWOM to promote new technological solutions.

An Investigation of Gender Differences in E-Commerce Shopping Frequency During COVID-19: Evidence From Türkiye

Due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people’s daily lives, individuals’ shopping habits have begun to change. This study investigates factors associated with citizens’ e-commerce shopping frequency, taking into account gender differences during COVID-19. The study utilized the Household Information Technologies Usage Survey microdata set conducted by TurkStat in 2021. Various factors related to citizens’ e-commerce shopping frequency, specifically considering gender differences during the COVID-19 period, were examined using the generalized ordered logit model. According to the research results, the frequency of e-commerce shopping inversely decreases with age for both men and women. The number of e-commerce purchases made by individuals, regardless of gender, increases in direct proportion to their education levels. Additionally, as individuals’ incomes rise, their engagement in e-commerce purchases increases. Men who actively search for information about products and services are more likely to participate in e-commerce compared to those who do not. This dynamic differs for women based on the quantity of their intakes. Regarding gender distribution, it was determined that, moving from east to west, women make more e-commerce purchases than men. For both local governments and service providers, developing healthier, sustainable, and more predictable policies and strategies for extraordinary situations such as pandemics is crucial. Businesses are recommended to build customer and supplier portfolios, focusing on areas such as platform accessibility, inventory management, distribution, transportation, and payment methods. Strengthening infrastructure and keeping systems up-to-date are also crucial for effectively responding to consumer demands.

A Study of the Unexplored Aspect of Energy Poverty: Overheating Risk Analysis

Energy poverty, defined as the inability of households to afford adequate heating or cooling, is worsened by anthropogenic climate change, leading to increased energy demand and indoor comfort challenges. This study addresses a gap in summer fuel poverty research by focusing on overheating concerns and energy subsidies. This study defines the indoor temperature and overheating risk of low-income households compared with general dwellings based on field measurements and walkthrough surveys. The difference in indoor temperature and overheating risk according to the provision of energy subsidy is analyzed. We evaluate the impact of energy subsidies on indoor temperature and the adequacy of current subsidy programs. Findings show that households without energy vouchers experience indoor temperatures around 29°C, while voucher recipients see a 2°C decrease. During Tropical Night periods, households with energy vouchers maintain similar indoor temperatures to the overall period, while those without vouchers tend to experience a 2°C increase. Although energy vouchers significantly mitigate overheating risks by approximately 95% during the summer, they are not as effective in fully eliminating summer overheating risks compared to previous winter results. This highlights the persisting issue of traditional policies providing integrated electricity subsidies. Hence, addressing indoor overheating during hot summers requires improvements in alternative subsidy distributions or cooling strategies warrants change to the energy voucher payment method or the cooling method.

Financial toxicity and unmet social needs in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer.

13 Background: Cancer incidence is rising in adolescents and young adults (AYA) (age 18-39), a population that faces durable financial challenges during and after treatment. Although AYA cancer survivors face unique risks for poor outcomes due to financial toxicity (FT), best practices for FT and social needs screening (i.e. food, housing, transportation insecurity) are unknown. Further, the relationship between FT and social needs is largely unexplored in AYA. Methods: A FT and social needs screening quality improvement project was conducted at a comprehensive cancer center. The Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) assessed FT, and patients reported unmet social needs and treatment payment methods. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed via a visual analog scale. Multivariate linear and logistic regression tested for associations with FT and unmet social needs, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Of 70,983 requests, 38,249 patients completed the screening (54% response rate): 2,519 were AYA. Mean age of AYA was 33.7 years (SD 4.7), and most (65%) were non-Hispanic white. Disease sites included 41% breast, 20% gastrointestinal, and 19% gynecologic. Over one-half (54%) had active cancer treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery) within 120 days of assessment. Mean COST was 23.2 (SD 10.8; 0-44, with lower scores indicating worse FT), and 54% had COST <26, suggesting FT. Racial/ethnic minority patients (β -4.37, p<0.001) and those who had recent treatment (β -3.21, p<0.001) had worse FT. Of those who screened positive for FT, only 44% accepted a referral for financial assistance. About one-quarter of the sample (28%) were unable to afford at least one social need, with 16% facing housing, 14% transportation, and 13% food insecurity. Patients who are a racial/ethnic minority (OR 2.98, 95% CI 2.35-3.79, p<0.001) and those with metastatic disease (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.10-5.45, p=0.028) were more likely to have at least one unmet social need. One-quarter of the sample (24%) used at least some of their savings to pay for treatment, with 7% reporting they did not have any savings. 25% borrowed money or took on new loans to pay for treatment: of those, 58% borrowed from friends/family. 10% did not have enough money for medications, and 7% took less medications than prescribed due to cost. Mean QOL was 7.3 [(SD 1.8) 0 “as bad as it can be”-10 “as good as it can be”]. Increased FT was associated with reduced QOL (β -0.10, p<0.001), using more savings to pay for treatment (β 0.52, p<0.001), and taking less medications due to cost (β 0.01, p<0.001). Conclusions: Routine FT and social needs screening is feasible for AYA patients and uncovers high rates of FT and unmet social needs. Given lower QOL and decreased adherence to treatment associated with FT, future research should focus on interventions to support the specific needs of AYA and increase acceptance of financial assistance and navigation.

The Impact Of Cashless Payments On Smes’ Financial Performance In Mount Lebanon

Cashless payments are one of the innovations playing a significant role in business strategy. However, in Lebanon, the economic and financial crisis has forced SMEs to primarily use cash as a mode of payment, leading to numerous issues affecting their financial performance. To overcome these challenges, companies are seeking to adopt cashless payments outside the banking sector to better control their finances and adapt to rapid technological advancements. This study aims to examine the impact of cashless payments on the financial performance of SMEs in Mount Lebanon, highlighting the factors affecting the adoption of this payment method. A survey was conducted with the leaders of 183 SMEs in the region, and the results of multiple regression analysis, carried out using SPSS software, confirmed the significant impact of electronic payments on the financial performance of SMEs in the region. Specifically, mobile money and E-transfer have a significant positive relationship with financial performance. Furthermore, the study identified that competition, risks, and ease of use are the behavioral intention factors that affect the adoption of cashless payments. Consequently, leaders must adjust their strategy by integrating cashless payments to improve their financial performance.

Towards a Sustainable Financial Future: Exploring the Influence of E-Wallet Adoption Among Gen Z in Malaysia

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a shift in payment approaches, with a preference for e-wallets. Despite their potential, Malaysians lag in adopting e-wallets. It is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing e-wallet adoption, especially through Gen Z. Therefore, we conducted this study using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework to explore the factors influencing e-wallet adoption among Gen Z. Interviews with eight members of Gen Z reveal that advantages like time savings and the ability to manage and monitor transactions drive the adoption of the e-wallet payment method. Emergent themes, such as government incentives and the convenience of donating, further delineate the adoption of e-wallets. The adoption of e-wallets will eventually promote sustainable consumption by replacing cash transactions and reducing carbon emissions due to the reduced physical transit of financial resources. This study enhances the UTAUT and suggests prospective avenues for the growth of e-wallets in Malaysia. Practically, the findings are advantageous for financial service providers that are enhancing their e-wallets, as well as for government initiatives to transition to a cashless society and ultimately achieve sustainable development goals.

Study on medical dispute prediction model and its clinical-application effectiveness based on machine learning

BackgroundMedical dispute is a global public health issue, which has been garnering increasing attention. In this study, we used machine learning (ML) method to establish a dispute prediction model and explored the clinical-application efficiency of this model in effectively reducing the occurrence of medical disputes.MethodsRetrospective study of All disputes filed by Gansu Medical Mediation Committee from 2019 to 2021 and patients with the same hospital level as that of the dispute group and hospitalization year were randomly selected as the control group in 1:1 ratio. SPSS software was used for univariate feature selection of the 14 factors that may cause disputes, and factors with statistical differences were selected. The data were divided into training and test sets in a 7:3 ratio. Six ML models were selected, and Python was used to establish a dispute prediction model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, average precision (AP), and F1 score were used to characterize the fitting and accuracy of the models, while decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate their clinical utility.ResultsA total of 1189 patients in the dispute and control groups were extracted. Following 11 influencing factors were selected: the inpatient department, doctor title, patient age, patient gender, patient occupation, payment method, hospitalization days, hospitalization times, discharge method, blood transfusion volume, and hospitalization espenses. Compared to other models, the AUC (0.945, 95% CI 0.913–0.981), Sensitivity (0.887), Accuracy (0.887), AP (0.834), and F1 score (0.880) of the random forest model were higher than those of other models, while the DCA curve indicated its high clinical benefits.ConclusionsInpatient department, hospitalization expenses, and discharge type are the primary influencing factors of dispute. Random forest exhibited high dispute prediction and clinical-application value and is expected to be promoted for offline dispute prediction.

On increase of land tax in Kazakhstan

Land tax is one of the sources of formation of local budgets, filling their revenue part. The aim is to analyze the legal framework of the existing system of land taxation, to substantiate the need to increase mandatory payments for land. The following methods were used - monographic - to study the foreign experience of land taxation, statistical - to collect data on tax revenues, the state of the land fund, analytical - in the study of methods of tax payment, on the basis of abstract-logical method problems were identified and ways of their solution were proposed. Results - foreign experience of tax regulation has shown that fiscal policy is aimed at creating favorable preferential conditions for agricultural producers and improving soil quality. The existing domestic methodology of tax payments depending on the purposes of application is considered. The analysis of tax payments in dynamics for 7 years is presented. Land tax rates and rent in the context of target use are calculated. It is revealed that the tax for peasant (farm) farms in accordance with the income from the sale of agricultural products is not quite acceptable, as the costs of its production are not taken into account. Conclusions - it is established that a 40-fold increase in the land tax is premature, since to date such a measure is legislatively approved in the amount of 20-fold. It is recommended to increase the tax burden on residential lands for individual residential construction, shopping and entertainment centers and industrial facilities. Involvement in agricultural turnover of 62.5 million hectares of pastures, concentrated in the category of reserve lands, will make it possible to improve their quality level and receive additional money for the state budget.

Risks of Using Digital Payment Method Using the Perceived Risk (PR) Theory Approach

Purpose: Most studies focus on the advantages of adopting innovations, such as Internet banking and mobile banking, assuming that new technology should be adopted because it is good enough. However, very few have specifically examined the risks perceived by customers when using DPM, especially mobile banking. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influence of privacy risk, security risk, access risk, personalization risk, and trust risk on the use of digital payments. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is explanatory. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling where the sample is taken with certain considerations or conditions. The criteria are as follows: 1) the millennial generation aged 18 to 45 years and 2) the selected sample is an active user of DPM such as SMS, internet, and mobile banking. The distribution of questionnaires used purposive convenience sampling to select samples. Convenience sampling is based on the availability of elements and the ease of obtaining them. To test the hypothesis, the Partial Least Square (PLS) technique was used using the smart PLS 3.0 application. Findings: personalization risk and trust risk variables have a significant positive effect on the use of digital payments. At the same time the access risk, security risk, and privacy risk variables do not affect the use of digital payments. Implications/Originality/Value: This study can enrich the literature on Perceived Risk (PR) theory by providing insight into how the risk perceived by users affects the adoption and use of digital payment methods. This can help understand the psychological and emotional factors that influence consumer decisions and open up opportunities to integrate PR Theory with other theories, such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) or the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), to get a more comprehensive picture of technology adoption.

The Transition of Care Between Emergency Department and Primary Care: An Integrative Systematic Review.

To identify the barriers and enablers of effective transitions of care between the emergency department and primary care providers. Successful patient care transitions from the emergency department to primary care providers are important because this process has implications for the quality, patient safety, and cost of patient care. Failure in follow-up consultations with primary care can result in representations to the emergency department, which can impact negative emergency department operational issues throughout the entire hospital. An integrative systematic review was reported according to PRISMA guidelines. The reviewers followed a systematic review protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022316165). A search strategy was applied to extract articles from included databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health databases. Articles were assessed using a predetermined eligibility criterion. Quality assessment and a narrative synthesis were conducted. Of the 1200 articles screened, 25 studies were included. Four additional articles were identified from reference lists. The range of study designs included: four qualitative, three mixed methods and 22 quantitative studies. A total of 291,012 patients were represented. Successful care transition was enhanced by access to insurance, ease of payment methods, effective communication, prior booked primary care provider appointments and access to transportation. Many patients experienced financial toxicity, and the shortfall between fees charged and rebates provided was found to influence primary care provider follow-up compliance. Future recommendations to provide safe and effective transitions of care would be to optimise supported self-management for patients and deliver timely and clear communication with standardised discharge documentation to be shared between the emergency department and primary care providers. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to delivering safe care transitions between emergency department and primary care providers, and future research should target high-risk groups. Prospero: CRD42022316165.