In Santo Estevão, the public water supply system is operated by the Infrastructure Directorate of the entire Baiana Water and Sanitation Company (EMBASA) and accounts for around 85% of the water supply. of the Bahian population. The rest of the population is supplied by cisterns, pipes, or artesian wells. The objective of this research was to identify the regions with the greatest deficiencies in the distribution of water supply in the urban area of the city of Santo Estevão and the consequences of this problem for the population. The field of study covered three neighborhoods in the city of Santo Estevão (Alto do Porrão, Mutirão, and Pau de Vela). GPS, Cartography, and Geographic Information Systems were used to demarcate points relating to the spatial distribution of water and create thematic maps. Data and information related to water supply were collected in institutions and public bodies, such as the City Hall of Santo Estevão, EMBASA, Superintendency of Statistics and Information, and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, in addition to the application of forms. It was found that some residents do not store water in water tanks correctly, which can cause the proliferation of disease vectors, such as the Aedes Aegypti mosquito.