Pattimura University Research Articles

Pendalaman Konsep Dalam Rangka Persiapan Kompetisi Bidang Statistika Untuk Siswa Sma Negeri 2 Seram Bagian Barat

Statistics taught at high school level consists of several basic concepts, namely descriptive statistics, combinatorics, and probability theory. Competitions can be an effective tool to encourage students to hone their skills and assess the extent to which the concepts they have learned are applied well. However, until now there is still a gap in student achievement in competitions between Maluku Provinces, due to gaps in students' understanding of basic concepts, especially in the field of Statistics. SMA Negeri 2 Seram Barat, as one of the leading schools in the region, actually has the potential to encourage its students to excel in competitions, but is hampered by an understanding of basic concepts, especially in the field of Statistics, which is still not optimal. The Mathematics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pattimura University took the initiative to provide deeper concepts to students at SMA Negeri 2 West Seram as preparation for facing competitions in the field of statistics, by providing effective explanations of the basic concepts of statistics that have been studied at the high school level, as well as enriching them with practice questions at Olympic level. to encourage students to work on questions. This activity aims to help students at SMA Negeri 2 Seram Barat Part in understanding the basic concepts in the field of Statistics, as well as as an example for SMA Negeri 2 Seram Barat teachers in implementing more effective student development strategies in order to prepare for competitions in the field of Statistics that will be participated in in the future. will come.

Antioxidant Activity of Hotong (Setaria italica) Seeds from Buru and its Implications for Biochemistry Learning

Hotong Buru seeds (Setaria italica) are a local wisdom food ingredient in South Buru Regency, Maluku Province, Indonesia. These hotong seeds are widely consumed by the people of South Buru as a staple food substitute for rice. Hotong Buru seeds contain bioactive components that have antioxidant properties, including tannins and Vitamin E. Tannins are polyphenols, one of the anti-nutrients found in food ingredients. These components are mostly contained in the epidermis. This research aims to analyze the antioxidant activity of Hotong Buru (Setaria italica) seeds and their implication for Biochemistry Learning. Antioxidant analysis was conducted using 1,1-dephenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) as a free radical. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the chemical composition and quality of Hotong Buru seeds in tables and graphs. Inferential analysis was done using one way ANOVA technique to analyze the effect of food quality. All data were presented descriptively, and antioxidant activity was calculated using the SPSS Program. The results showed that Hotong seeds from Buru Island positively contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins. The content of these secondary metabolites can act as antioxidants for the human body. Antioxidants are very important to delay or inhibit damage to molecular compounds. In addition, the results of this study are implicated in biology learning, especially biochemistry, food science, and nutrition courses. The phytochemical test showed that there were antioxidants in Hotong Buru seeds ingredients, there are alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins. The implications of research results for biology learning have been made clear in the form of practical instructions that have been applied to students of the Pattimura University Biology Education Study Program. Keywords: Hotong buru, antioxidants, culinary ingredients, biochemistry learning

Ability to Understand German Language Spoken Text Through Musik Media at the German Language Education Studi Program FKIP Unpatti Ambon

Oral-text comprehension is one of the essential conditions that ensure interactive oral communication. Oral texts are not only understood as utterances delivered during oral communication but also in the form of announcements, notifications, discussions through audio media. In German language learning, Hörverstehen material is more focused on oral texts delivered through the media. This study aims to describe whether there is a difference in oral-text comprehension ability before and after using music media in learning. This research is an experiment involving 11 students who attended the B1 Preparation Course at the Pattimura University Language Study Center as participants. The activity began with a pretest and then continued with a treatment using music as a medium and then ended with a post-test. The results analysis show that the application of music as a medium in language learning, especially in understanding spoken text in German, contributes positively to the competence of understanding spoken text. The positive contribution is possible because the application of music in learning can condition two things at once, namely creating joyful learning and habituation of word sounds in song verses in students' hearing. The conclusion is based on the results of statistical calculations which show that the calculation value of t = (5.17) is greater than Ttab (1.81) at a significant level of 0.05. On the basis of this finding, it is hoped that this finding can be used as an alternative in improving the ability to understand German spoken text. Keywords: Oral text comprehension skills, music media, language learning, listening skills

Facilitating Students' Cognitive Engagement in Online Asynchronous Discussion Within a Remote English Foreign Language Learning Environment

This study examined the cognitive presence of students in an asynchronous online discussion in the Second Language Acquisition (SLA) course. The course combined synchronous meetings through Zoom sessions to support student participation in asynchronous discussions. The study involved a cohort of 36 participants from the two remote extended campuses of Pattimura University in Maluku. Through content analysis, two key aspects were examined: (1) student participation rates, and (2) the extent of students’ cognitive presence within the discussions. The content analysis findings revealed that although each student made a minimum of two contributions per topic during online asynchronous discussions, they exhibited a moderately high level of cognition, incorporating problem recognition, exploration, integration, and solution, not only in individual messages but also in the overall exchange of information within the discussion thread. These findings suggest that a combination of synchronous meetings through Zoom sessions, tailored prompts, feedback, and social interactions enhances students' active engagement and utilization of cognitive skills in online asynchronous discussions. Keywords: online asynchronous discussion, English foreign language learning, cognitive presence

Schneeball-Wırbelgruppe learning model: improving students’ concept mastery and critical thinking

Good concept mastery through critical thinking using various approaches, models, strategies, and methods of learning German is essential for the Education 4.0 era. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the concept mastery and critical thinking skills of German language students at Pattimura University using collaborative learning that combines SchneeballWirbelgruppe learning. A one-group pretest-posttest design with a sample of 13 second-semester students in the academic year 2019/2020 was used. Furthermore, an essay test was used as an instrument while the data was analyzed using descriptive methods (N-gain test) and inferential methods (paired t-test). The descriptive analysis showed that the concept mastery and critical thinking skills of students were in the high and moderate categories. The paired t-test results showed a difference between the pretest and posttest using Schneeball-Wirbelgruppe learning model. Therefore, collaborative learning has a positive impact on improving students’ concept mastery and critical thinking skills in learning phonology and morphology courses. As for the implications of this research, the Schneeball-Wırbelgruppe learning model is recommended as a learning model that can be applied to other concepts in German language learning.

BERAT POTONG AYAM BROILER YANG DIBERI EKSTRAK KUNYIT PUTIH (Curcuma zedoaria) DENGAN DOSIS YANG BERBEDA SECARA ORAL

This research was conducted to determine the effect of oral administration of white turmeric extract (Curcuma Zedoaria) at different levels on the slaughter weight of broiler chickens. This research will take place for 3 months, August – October 2023 at the Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry, Livestock Unit, Pattimura University, Ambon. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this study with 4 replications and 4 treatments, the replications consisted of 6 chickens. The treatments applied were P0 = feed without giving turmeric extract (control), P1= feed + turmeric extract 0.7 ml/head, P2= feed + turmeric extract 1.4 ml/head, P3= feed + turmeric extract 2.1 ml /tail. The variables observed were feed consumption and slaughter weight. The results of the research conducted showed that oral administration of white turmeric extract had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on feed consumption and slaughter weight of broiler chickens. However, numerically the administration of white turmeric extract resulted in a higher increase in the slaughter weight of broiler chickens compared to the slaughter weight of broiler chickens without the administration of white turmeric extract.

PYTHON IN ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LEARNING

Using software in mathematics learning can improve students' soft and hard mathematics skills at the high school and college levels. Therefore, using software in the learning process is important, including in learning Differential Equations. This research examines the use of the Python programming language with Jupyter Lab software and the SymPy library in solving ordinary differential equation problems symbolically in the Differential Equations course. The use of the Python programming language in Differential Equations learning includes solving linear ordinary differential equations of first-order, second-order, higher-order, and the Laplace transform. This research also examines the effect of using Python on the learning outcomes of differential equations of Mathematics Education Study Program students, Study Program Outside the Main Campus, Pattimura University. The population in this quantitative research is all students who programmed differential equations courses in the even semester of the 2023-2024 academic year as many as 19 students. The Python programming language can be used to solve differential equation problems symbolically easily, quickly, and accurately. In addition, using Jupyter Lab makes the process of solving differential equation problems easier and more interactive. Furthermore, t-test results show that the use of Python in learning differential equations can improve students' learning activities and learning outcomes. Using the Python programming language with Jupyter Lab software and the SymPy library can be developed to create teaching materials, textbooks, and reference books for Differential Equations courses.

Effect of Eco-enzyme on Water Quality Parameters in Some Rivers Disembogued at Ambon Bay

Due to the increasing population in Ambon City, the high volume of organic waste in rivers that empties into Ambon Bay can impact the marine ecosystem. On the other hand, processing organic waste in the form of eco-enzymes has been widely applied and has benefits, for instance, as a cleaning liquid. This study aimed to analyze the effect of eco-enzyme concentrations on water quality parameters, such as pH, ammonia, detergent, coliform, nitrate, phosphate, BOD, COD, and DO in several rivers flowing into Ambon Bay. The research was conducted from May to November 2022. Water samples were collected from four rivers that flow into Ambon Bay. Production of ecoenzyme was carried out at the Marine Science Laboratory at Pattimura University for three months. Eco-enzyme derived from banana peels obtained from tourist areas on Ambon Island. The research applied the method of observation and experiment. The data of each parameter obtained from the treatments (sample before and after treatment using 10% and 20% of eco-enzyme) were then compared with Second-Class of River Water Quality Standards. The results showed that eco-enzyme could neutralize the pH value. The DO, ammonia, detergent and coliform concentration decreased after adding 10% and 20% of the eco-enzyme. By contrast, adding eco-enzyme to the river watercan increase the concentration of nitrate, phosphate, BOD, and COD.

The Communication Patterns Between Parents And Migrant Children in The Digital Era: Strengthening Emotional Connections Through Technology

This study aims to analyze the communication patterns between parents and migrant children in the digital era, as well as the impact on their emotional connection. Digital technology provides opportunities for parents and children to stay connected despite physical distance, but the frequency of communication plays a crucial role in shaping the quality of that relationship. The research was conducted on migrant students living in the dormitories of Pattimura University using a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques included observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that migrant children who frequently communicate with their parents feel more emotionally connected, less lonely, and are able to develop independence and new experiences. Conversely, students with less frequent communication tend to feel lonelier but use this as a coping strategy to stay focused on their life away from home. Some students expressed that overly frequent communication with their parents triggered excessive longing and a desire to return home. The novelty of this research lies in understanding how digital technology serves not only as a communication tool but also as an emotional connector in families separated by distance. This study recommends that future research delve deeper into the psychological and social aspects of communication frequency and its impact on the emotional well-being of migrant children. The findings contribute to the development of social sciences and humanities, particularly in understanding family communication dynamics in the digital era.

Penerapan Jamu Ternak Menggunakan Bahan Alami Kepada Peternak di Dusun Kiera Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya

Indonesia's nature has quite high biodiversity, especially plants and is a cultural heritage in utilizing medicinal plants to treat various diseases. This makes many farmers utilize local medicinal plants to be mixed into traditional medicines called livestock herbal medicine. The Community Service Program (PKM) carried out by PSDKU lecturers in the Animal Husbandry Study Program at Pattimura University in West Maluku Regency in collaboration with KKN students through training in making traditional herbal medicine for livestock carried out in Kiera Hamlet, Tounwawan Village, West Maluku Regency. The purpose of implementing this service is to introduce, practice and motivate livestock communities to mix livestock herbal medicine using simple tools and materials available in the surrounding environment. As well as obtaining economic potential in the form of increased income and welfare of livestock communities. The results obtained from this PKM activity were that all participants were very enthusiastic in participating in the intended activity because it was in accordance with the needs of livestock farmers.

The Analysis of Students' Metacognitive Skills in Physics through Problem-Solving Strategies in Physics Education Students

This study aims to analyze the metacognitive skills of students through problem-solving learning strategies in the subject of Basic Physics 1. The research sample consists of students enrolled in the Basic Physics 1 course in the Physics Education Study Program at Pattimura University, Ambon, for the 2023/2024 academic year. This study uses a descriptive quantitative and qualitative research type, with a one-shot case study design. The instruments used in this research include: (1) A questionnaire to assess students' metacognitive skills, (2) An observation sheet to observe students' problem-solving activities, and (3) A student response questionnaire to evaluate students' responses to problem-solving learning. Data analysis in this study is conducted using descriptive quantitative analysis to describe the data as is in percentage form and explain the data or events qualitatively with explanatory sentences. The data analysis techniques used include descriptive quantitative analysis, which covers the results of the metacognitive skills questionnaire, observations of problem-solving activities, and the response questionnaire. The results of the metacognitive skills questionnaire showed a percentage of 57.58%, categorized as fairly good. The student response to problem-solving learning received a percentage of 52.27%, categorized as fairly good. The observation of problem-solving activities yielded a percentage of 57%, also categorized as fairly good

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ARANG SEKAM DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI LIMBAH BUAH DAN SAYUR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHANBIBIT GAHARU (Aquilaria malaccensis)

This study aims to determine the effect of applying husk charcoal and liquid organic fertilizer from fruit and vegetable waste in increasing the growth of agarwood seedlings (Aqualaria malaccensis). This research was carried out in the Nursery of the Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University for three months. The method used in this study is a Complete Random Design (RAL) with 2 factors and 3 replicates. The first factor is the dose of liquid organic fertilizer from fruit and vegetable waste consisting of 4 levels, namely A0 (No liquid organic fertilizer), A1 (100 ml), A2 = (200 ml), A3 = (300 ml) The second factor is the application of husk charcoal consisting of 2 levels, namely B1 (No husk charcoal), B2 (Husk charcoal). The results showed that A1B2 treatment (100 ml POC + husk charcoal medium) gave the highest results on plant height, A2B1 (200 ml POC + no husk charcoal media) gave the highest results on plant diameter, while the highest number of leaves was A0B1 (control + no husk charcoal).

The Application of the Classical Assumption Test in Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (a Case Study of the Preparation of the Allometric Equations of Young Makila)

The preparation of allometric equations generally uses multiple linear regression equations. The use of this regression equation is usually not carried out through various tests but goes directly to the t test and F test stages. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an example of determining the regression equation through the classical assumption test stages. Makila (Litsea angulata BI) was chosen as an example because it provides environmental services, especially in dealing with climate change and has not been widely studied. The research method used is a quantitative method. Destructive sampling was taken and the material used consisted of 40 young Makila plants planted in polybags next to the greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Ambon. The diameter of each sample was measured from the ground surface to a height of 5 cm and numbered 1 to 40. After being coded, the plant samples were cut down and all young trees were divided into stem segments, branches, twigs, leaves and roots. The root segments were collected carefully to facilitate their separation from the soil in polybags. The parts of the roots that still contain soil are cleaned with a machete and brush until they are free of soil and other dirt. Next, each segment was weighed for its wet weight (in g) and dry weight, thus enabling the determination of the biomass content (in g) for each segment. Data analysis was carried out using the Multiple Linear Regression Equation method. The regression model was examined for normality and suitability in predicting independent variables, ensuring there were no issues with multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. The results of the normality test showed that the significance value for the remaining data was 0.813 > 0.05, indicating normal distribution. TThe results of the multicollinearity test show that there is no multicollinearity problem, this is indicated by the VIF value of the two independent variables (tree diameter and tree height each 1.049) < 10 and the Tolerance value (tree diameter and tree height 0.953 each) > 0.100. The results of the heteroscedasticity test show that the two independent variables have a significance value of more than 0.05. The results of the autocorrelation test show the Durbin Watson (DW) value = 1.956 with a range of 1.65 – 2.35 which means there is no correlation problem. The results yielded a multiple linear regression: Y = -1131.146 + 684.799X1 + 4.276X2, where Y is biomass, X1 is the diameter, and X2 is the tree height. Based on the results of the t-test: variable X1 partially affected Y while variable X2 partially had no effect on Y. The F-test indicated that variables X1 and X2 jointly affected Y with R Square: 0.919 or 91.9% and the rest was influenced by other unexplored factors. To simplify biomass prediction and field measurement, a regression equation that used only 1 independent variable, namely tree diameter, was used for the experiment. Allometric equation only used 1 variable, Y = - 1,084,626 + 675,090 X1, where X1 = tree diameter, Y = Total biomass with R = 0.957, and R square = 0.915. The regression equation for young Makila plant provides assurance that the regression equation obtained is accurate in estimation, unbiased and consistent. This is because in data processing classical assumptions have been tested. This equation can save time, costs and energy, as well as make measurements easier in the field so that future researchers can develop allometric equations in other plants for efficiency.

Kerja Bakti Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Hidup Bersih dan Gotong Royong di Negeri Rumah Tiga, Kota Ambon

Community Service Program (PKM) of the Pattimura University Student Community Service (KKN) batch L in Negeri Rumah Tiga is a community service action to clean the environment involving KKN students, State Apparatus and the community in Negeri Rumah Tiga. This activity aims to make the environment clean, healthy and beautiful as expected by the entire community, also fostering a culture of mutual cooperation in the Negeri Rumah Tiga Community. This community service activity is filled with cleaning the streets from garbage and weeds, gutters and picking up garbage in the yard. The implementation of this activity went smoothly. The evaluation of the implementation of this activity is that this activity must be routinely scheduled continuously, especially before entering the rainy season. The community's commitment to participating in this activity and maintaining its environment with good waste management also still needs to be improved. This activity also requires commitment from various parties, not only adults but also the participation of children in this activity as a form of campaign to maintain a clean lifestyle environment and the inheritance of cultural values ​​for future generations.

DNA BARCODING IN THE VALIDATION OF SCAD SPECIES IDENTIFICATION (GENUS: DECAPTERUS) IN AMBON

Limitations on the morphology-based identification system and the decreasing number of taxonomists have become a problem that requires a molecular approach toward the recognition and identification of species. DNA barcoding has been considered an efficient solution to solve a few of taxonomy’s problems. This research intended to identify several scads species which have been found in the waters surrounding Ambon morphologically and molecularly through DNA barcoding. Fish samples were collected from January to June 2018 at the Mardika fish market Ambon, and then brought to the Laboratory of the Maritime and Marine Science Centre of Excellence Pattimura University for further analysis. Based on morphological identification, six species of scad were discovered, being Decapterus macarellus, D. macarellus (suspected), D. macrosoma, D. macrosoma (suspected), D. russelli (suspected)and D. kurroides. Using DNA barcoding, only four species of scad were found, being D. macarellus, D. macrosoma, D. russelli and D. kurroides with identification percentage ranging from 99-100%. After validation, the species of scad which can be found in Ambon’s waters are D. macarellus, D. macrosoma, D. russelli and D. kurroides. DNA barcoding is a complementary alternative that can reinforce morphology-based identification quickly and accurately.

Pengaruh Pupuk ‘Mutiara’ dan Giberelin Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Semangka Partenocarpi

Watermelon production is influential in supporting the increase of income of the farm. Watermelon production tends to decline at present, so that efforts need to be carried out to optimize the growth and yield of watermelon plants. One of the important nutrients source for watermelon plants is ‘Mutiara’ fertilizer and the plant growth regulator (PGR) gibberellin. This study aimed to determine the right combination of ‘Mutiara’ fertilizer dosage and gibberellin concentration on the growth and yield of parthenocarpic watermelon plants. This research was conducted from September to December 2023 at Pattimura Mutiara Farm of Pattimura University, in Rumahtiga Village, Teluk Ambon Subdistrict, Ambon City. This research was an experimental study that used a Factorial Randomized Group Design (RAK) consisting of two treatment factors, i.e.: ‘Mutiara’ fertilizer with 4 levels and the dose of gibberellin with 4 levels, with replications, so that there was a total of 48 treatment combinations. The observed variables included plant height, number of leaves, number of female flowers formed, fresh fruit weight, fruit diameter, and number of seeds. The results showed that the interaction between the dose of ‘Mutiara’ fertilizer 6 g/plant and the concentration of gibberellin 6 mL/L was the best treatment combination and could increase plant length and number of leaves. The combination of 2 g of ‘Mutiara’ fertilizer and 2 mL/L gibberellin concentration was the best combination for fresh fruit weight

Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Frekuensi Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Produksi Sawi Samhong (Brassica juncea L.)

In mustard cultivtion, the right combination of the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer given through the leaves and the frequency of application are factors that can optimize growth and yield. This research aimed to test the effectiveness of the concentration and frequency of NASA liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of Samhong mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Ambon. This research was conducted as an experiment using a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors. The first factor was the concentration of NASA liquid organic fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels, namely: concentration of 0 mL/L of water (without giving POC); 4 mL/L of water; 8 mL/ mL/L of water; and 12 mL/L of water. The second factor was the frequency of fertilizer application which consists of 3 levels, namely 6 times, 3 times and 2 times of application. There were 12 treatment combinations, with 3 replications, so there were 36 experimental units. The research results showed that the concentration of NASA liquid organic fertilizer had a very significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and root dry weight. A concentration of 8 mL/L of water was the best concentration for plant fresh weight, namely 323.89 g. For the treatment of frequency of application, there was a very significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and root dry weight, with a frequency of 3 applications being the best frequency for the growth and yield of Samhong mustard greens. The interaction between NASA liquid organic fertilizer concentration and application frequency did not significantly effect all observed variables.

PELATIHAN AKUNTANSI DESA BAGI PARA APARATUR PEMERINTAH NEGERI DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN LEITIMUR SELATAN KOTA AMBON

Community ServiceCommunity Service (PkM) is basically the social responsibility of the higher education academic community to help the community solveacademic community of higher education to help the community in solvingproblems faced or in developing their potentials.that they have. Within this framework, the community service activities ofcommunity service activities of the Faculty of Economics and Business Pattimura University organized "Village Accounting Training forState Government Apparatus in the South Leitimur District of Ambon City".The objectives of organizing this PkM are to: 1) improveinsights, knowledge, and abilities of the state government apparatus through alternativeaccounting learning alternatives as a basis for understanding in organizing accounting records according to generally accepted accounting principles and preparing financial reports.accounting principles and prepare financial statements; and 2) provide knowledge, and technical accounting skills to civil servants so that they can be accountable to the government.apparatus so that they can accurately account for the realization of the APBDes implementation.accurately. ActivityThis training was held for 2 days, from August 30 to 31, 2023, and was attended by 32 (64%) of the target audience.(64%) of the target audience. The implementation of this training activity was carried outusing lecture, discussion, question and answer, and simulation methods. Activities"Village Accounting Training for State Government Officials in the District of Leitimur Selatan Leitimur Selatan Ambon City" went well. All participants were enthusiasticattended the event until the end and felt the benefits of this training.The participants also considered that the training was important and verynecessary for local government officials and other stakeholders. The participants also hoped that similar training can be conducted intensively again in the future with more participants, and more applicable material design related to the participants' daily tasks. Keywords: Community Servicecommunity service, village accounting, public government apparatus, and South Leitimur Sub-district.Leitimur Selatan.

SOSIALISASI SISTEM AGROFORESTRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESUBURAN TANAH DAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT DESA WAAI KECAMATAN SALAHUTU MALUKU TENGAH

Waai Village in Salahutu District, Central Maluku, is an area with diverse topography which poses challenges for agriculture and fisheries, such as soil erosion and landslides. To overcome this problem, an agroforestry system is implemented as a sustainable land management solution. This research aims to socialize and evaluate the implementation of agroforestry in Waai Village, with a focus on reducing erosion, increasing soil fertility, and diversifying community income. The implementation method involves lectures, presentations, practical training, and distribution of plant seeds. This activity was carried out on 11-12 August 2023 by the Forestry Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University with the participation of the local community. An initial survey was conducted to understand soil conditions, slope and community knowledge about agroforestry. Lectures and presentations provide basic information and techniques for implementing agroforestry, while practical training introduces vegetative methods in growing agroforestry crops. The results of the activity show that the community has a high interest in implementing agroforestry, with a significant increase in understanding and skills. The evaluation shows a good level of satisfaction and strong commitment from the community to develop agroforestry systems. The implementation of agroforestry is expected to reduce erosion, increase soil fertility and diversify people's income through high-value products such as wood and fruit. Agroforestry offers an effective solution to overcome the problem of erosion and landslides in Waai Village, while improving the economic welfare and food security of the community.

Development of the GeoGebra’s Guidebook in Creating Mathematics Learning Media Based on Ethnomathematics

This research aims to develop a guidebook for the use of GeoGebra in creating mathematics learning media based on ethnomathematics for university students in mathematics education study program at Pattimura University PSDKU Maluku Barat Daya. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D) with 4D model developed by Thiagarajan et al. (1974) which consists of 4 stages, namely Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate. This method and model are very feasible and systematically supports the development of the guidebook. By involving 2 validators, namely material experts and linguists, the draft of the guidebook was then revised and tested on a small limited group. Furthermore, based on descriptive statistical analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis, it can be concluded that the reference book using GeoGebra has been successfully prepared and meets the criteria of valid and effective. In addition, the use of this guidebook can also increase students' knowledge in understanding material related to cartesian coordinates, especially in drawing graphs of linear functions, quadratic functions, polynomials, trigonometric functions, exponent functions, and logarithms.