Patterns Research Articles

Spatial distribution of gut microbes along the intestinal duct

We studied the spatial pattern of two microbial strains along the intestinal duct. Probiotic bacteria acidify the environment and suppress their competitors, non-probiotic bacteria. Food resources are supplied from the proximal end, and there exists a flow from the proximal end to the distal end. In the steady state, we observed three major patterns. In the “standard” pattern (ST), the abundance of probiotic bacteria was high in the proximal end, and it decreased toward the distal end; in contrast, the abundance of non-probiotic bacteria was low in the proximal end, and it increased toward the distal end. In the “proximal reversion” pattern (PR), non-probiotic bacteria were dominant and probiotic bacteria were suppressed in the proximal portion of the duct. Subsequently, the abundance values of the two competitors switched, followed by a spatial pattern similar to ST. In the “distal suppression” pattern (DS), the pattern was similar to ST in the proximal portion; however, toward the distal end, the abundance of probiotic bacteria remained at an intermediate level and suppressed the abundance of non-probiotic bacteria, resulting in a peak abundance of non-probiotic bacteria in the middle portion of the duct. We additionally discuss the nonmonotonic increase in the abundance of non-probiotic bacteria in ST and the transition of the spatial pattern from one type to another due to changes in the resource abundance in the influx.

Seasonal patterns in habitat use by the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) and other small mammals.

Seasonal patterns in habitat use by the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) and other small mammals.

Preparation and Luminescence Properties of K2MgSiO4:Mn4+ Phosphor

The K2MgSiO4:xMn4+ phosphor was synthesized by high temperature solid-p hase method and its luminescence characteristics were explored. The X-diffraction patt ern measured by the X-ray diffractometer matched well with the international standard card. The synthesized sample is a pure phase crystal, indicating that the doping of Mn 4+ has not changed The crystal structure of K2MgSiO4. Through the excitation and emi ssion spectra measured by the fluorescence spectrometer, it can be seen that the sample has 4 excitation peaks at 368nm, 422nm, 451nm and 534nm, and the maximum emissi on peak of the sample is at 654nm. By changing the doping concentration of Mn4+ ion s, it is found that as the Mn4+ concentration increases, the luminescence intensity of the sample increases, and finally the concentration quenching occurs after the concentrati on exceeds 1%. The chromaticity coordinates of the emission of the sample were meas ured to prove its role in the market. The chromaticity coordinates of the sample are loc ated in the red light zone and are close to the standard red light. The fluorescence lifeti me of Mn4+ transition on the D layer in the sample is about 0.2ms.

Monocular and binocular opto-locomotor reflex biases for random dot motion in mice.

We investigated the relationship between eyes receiving visual input of large field translating random dot motion and subsequent reflexive changes in running direction in mice. The animals were head-fixed running on a Styrofoam ball and the opto-locomotor reflex (OLR) was measured in response to 2 s of dots patterns moving horizontally to the left or right. We measured the OLR in conditions with both eyes open (binocular) and one eye closed (monocular). When we covered the right or left eye in the monocular condition, we found reflexive behavior to be delayed for a few hundred milliseconds to leftward or rightward motion, respectively. After this delay, the bias disappeared and reflexive behavior was similar to responses to motion under binocular conditions. These results might be explained by different contributions of subcortical and cortical visual motion processing pathways to the OLR. Furthermore, we found no evidence for nonlinear interactions between the two eyes, because the sum of the OLR of the two monocular conditions was equal in amplitude and temporal characteristics to the OLR under binocular conditions.

Photochemical Degradation of an Environmental Pollutant by Pure ZnO and MgO Doped ZnO Nanocatalysts

MgO doped ZnO and pure ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the sedimentary method. The products were characterized by XRD, TEM, and EDX. XRD patterns showed that the doped nanoparticles had the same crystal structures as the pure ZnO nanoparticles. Pure ZnO nanoparticles had a larger lattice volume than MgO doped ZnO nanoparticles. The photochemical degradation of indole 3- butyric acid as a pollutant in aqueous solutions was investigated by both pure and MgO doped ZnO under UV light irradiation. The effect of different parameters such as indole 3- butyric acid concentration, photocatalyst amount, PH, oxidant concentration on degradation of I-3BA, and optimum condition was obtained.

THE EFFECT OF CROSS FUNCTIONAL TRAINING AND THE WORK ENVIRONMENT TOWARDS WORK QUALITY IN THE MIDDLE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC SITUATION (CASE STUDY: CJ LOGISTICS IN SEOUL, KOREA)

The effect of Cross Functional Training and the Work Environment towards Work Quality in the Middle of the Covid-19 Pandemic Situation. This study aims to determine the effect of cross functional training and work environment partially and simultaneously on work quality. The location of this research is, CJ Logistics. The population uses all employees, CJ Logistics and a sample of 30 respondents. The data analysis technique used validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination test, F test and t test. From the research results, the results obtained: (1) cross functional training has a significant positive effect on work quality, where the t value is 3.515 and a significance value is 0.002 <0.05. (2) the work environment has a significant positive effect on work quality, where the t-count value is 3.541 and a significance value is 0.002 <0.05. (3) Simultaneous cross functional training and work environment have a significant effect on work quality, where the significance value is 0.000 <0.05. The magnitude of the influence of the independent variables on work quality is 58.2%. Suggestions that can be given by researchers are that Cj Logistics is expected to routinely provide cross-functional training, make adequate air circulation, keep the workplace clean, provide a sense of security, and create task structures that are in accordance with employee abilities and build good cooperation patterns. Keywords: Cross functional training, work environment and work quality

A Study on the Relationship between Working Patterns and Health Conditions and Eating Habits of Workers in the Gyeongnam Area

A Study on the Relationship between Working Patterns and Health Conditions and Eating Habits of Workers in the Gyeongnam Area

Comparison of N- and C-terminally endogenously GFP-tagged WEE-1.3 strains in C. elegans.

We have generated a WEE-1.3 strain in C. elegans wherewe have endogenously tagged the C-terminus with GFP. In this publication we demonstrate that this new strain exhibits the same expression localization pattern as the WEE-1.3 antibody and N-terminally endogenously GFP-tagged WEE-1.3 strain that have been previously published. We also show for the first time that endogenously tagging WEE-1.3 at either termini does not affect the reproductive function of the worms.

Tinospora cordifolia (Wild) Hook.f. (Thomas) grown in Sri Lanka: Pharmacognostical, physico- chemical and phytochemical analysis of the stem

Tinospora cordifolia (wild) Hook.f. (Thomas) is an important medicinal plant distributed throughout in Sri Lanka and commonly known as Rasakinda in Sinhala and Giloy in English. It is widely used in Sri Lankan traditional medical system and Ayurveda for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, fever, arthritis, skin diseases and for Rasayana (rejuvenating) therapies due to its anti-inflammatory, hypoglyceamic, immunomodulatory, antioxident, anti-allergy, antipyretic, antiarthritic and various other medicinal properties. Imported T. cordifolia stems and Sri Lankan grown T. cordifolia stems can be found in Sri Lankan herbal market. Moreover, different varieties of Tinospora species known as Tikthakinda, Bukinda and Gatakinda are available in the market under the name of Rasakinda which leads to adulteration. Hence, in this research an attempt was made to develop standards for genuine T. cordifolia grown in Sri Lanka. Stems of T. cordifolia evaluated for macroscopical, microscopical, physico-chemical, phytochemical constituents, TLC and HPTLC fingerprint patterns. Microscopical examinations of T. cordifolia stem exhibited the wheel shaped appearance at the transverse cut surface, which is a main characteristic feature of the family Menespermaceae. Stem also showed the mucilage cells and abundant starch granules. Percentages of total ash, water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash, were 9.1%+0.1, 2.31%+0.1, &lt;0.1% respectively. Among the percentages of extractable matter of T. cordifolia, highest amount was shown in hot water extract (16.2 %+0.3). Heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Pb) were within the limits given in WHO guidelines. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. TLC fingerprint of T. cordifolia was developed using butanol: ethyl acetate: acetic acid: water in a ratio of 5: 8: 6:2 v/v and compared with one of its marker compound, Berberine. The HPTLC fingerprint patt ern of T. cordifolia showed a spot bearing the same Rf value corresponds to Berberine, at wavelength 254 nm. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study can be used as a standard reference for Sri Lankan grown T. cordifolia stems.

On determinants of discourse marker functions: Grammaticalization and discourse-analytic perspectives

Recent research on discourse markers (DMs) has been increasingly paying attention to their hypothesized functional asymmetry depending on their position at left- and right-periphery (LP and RP) and the role of prosody, among others. Drawing upon contemporary corpus data in Korean, this paper argues that the LP/RP position does influence the function, yet it is not uniquely correlated with subjectification/ intersubjectification. It further argues that prosodic features indeed play a crucial role in determining DM functions, yet such prosodic features are not unique in DMs only but are in consonance with the patterns in general language use. In addition to these two determinants, there are other factors such as the semantics of source constructions, which serves as the bases of pragmatic inferences in the discursive and interactional contexts. Since pragmatic inferences are largely based on conceptual metonymy, DM functions form a conceptual network by virtue of their relatedness.

Clinicopathological characteristics of goblet cell adenocarcinoma of the appendix

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of goblet cell adenocarcinoma (GCA) of the appendix. Methods: Seven cases of GCA were collected at the First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China from 2015 to 2018. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical studies (EnVision method) were carried out on all cases. Three cases were examined using electron microscopy. Results: Based on the review of 7 patients with GCA, the mean age of presentation for GCA of the appendix was 58 years with 2 men and 5 women, including 3 cases of grade 1, 3 cases of grade 2 and 1 case of grade 3 GCAs. Six GCAs had a prominent pattern of submucosal growth and lacked the formation of a well-defined tumor border. One of the 7 tumors was located in the distal segment of the appendix. Perineural involvement and lymphatic invasion were seen in 6 tumors and 1 tumor, respectively. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely or focally positive for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 20, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2, while the Ki-67 index ranged from 5% to 50%.The expression levels and positive cell numbers of p53 in high-grade GCAs were higher than those in low-grade GCAs. In the 7 patients with available follow-up information (14‒46 months), 1 patient died and the other 6 were alive at the end of the follow-up. Conclusions: GCA of the appendix is a rare neoplasm that shares histological features of both adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumor. Its biological behavior ranges from indolent to highly aggressive.

Riparian Vegetation Expansion Due to the Change of Rainfall Pattern and Water Level in the River

Riparian Vegetation Expansion Due to the Change of Rainfall Pattern and Water Level in the River

Patterns of prescription and inappropriate medications use in elderly patients of Makkah community in Saudi Arabia

Polypharmacy and the prescription of inappropriate medications are common in elderly patients due to the high rate of morbidity in this population. However, this information is scarce about patients in this age group in Saudi Arabia. In general, this study was conducted to investigate the drug prescriptions in elderly patients in Makkah city of Saudi Arabia. This topic threw light mainly on the pattern of drug utilization and the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications in this population of patients. Data of drugs utilization in elderly patients was collected from King Abdul-Aziz hospital in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia during January and February of 2018. The 2019 updated Beers criteria were applied to identify the potentially inappropriate medications use in these patients. A total of 1256 prescriptions were found to be given to 129 elderly patients, with a 9.7 as the average number of drugs prescribed per elderly patient. Polypharmacy in this age group was very common reaching about 90% of patients. The most commonly prescribed drug was omeprazole followed by aspirin. Around 18% of drug prescriptions were considered to be inappropriate according to the 2019 updated Beers criteria. Omeprazole and aspirin were also the inappropriate drug with the highest rate of prescription. Based on the 2019 updated Beers criteria, inappropriate medications use and polypharmacy are prevalent in elderly patients in Makkah city of Saudi Arabia. More attention should be taken by health care providers as some of the commonly prescribed drugs in elderly patients are considered to be inappropriate. Key words: Potentially inappropriate medications, drug prescribing, polypharmacy, elderly, geriatrics, Beers.

Modifications induced in soil physicochemical properties by repeated fire for different fuel load treatment in a West African savanna-woodland

Fire is known to stimulate growth of savanna vegetation, promote species’ diversity, and regulate tree and grass balance. However, the timing and frequency at which savannas are burned and the fuel properties can affect residual soil nutrient content and, ultimately, productivity. The objective of this study is to characterize changes in soil physical and chemical properties in a savanna-woodland subject to different fuel load treatments of burning. To characterize the soil physical and chemical variables, particle size distribution, total carbon, pH, phosphorous content and nitrogen were analyzed for three different soil layers. The results indicated no difference in soil texture between the different topsoil profiles before and after the burning event. Further, there was greater nutrient enrichment of the upper soil layer (p=0.014) due to ash deposition. The spatial patterns of soil temperature during the studied experimental fires could affect soil properties, resulting in new spatial pattern of soil nutrients. The findings of the present study have practical implications for savanna management. The current implementation of prescribed early fires should be continued with due consideration of the burning and fuel properties to avoid detrimental effects of intense fire on soil layers. Key words: Early fire, fire behavior, fire temperature, soil properties, Savanna ecosystem.

COMPUTATIONAL THINKING ABILITY STUDENTS BASED ON GENDER IN CALCULUS LEARNING

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the computational thinking skills of first students of the Department of Informatics Engineering based on genders. This study uses quasi-experimental methods. The subjects in this study were semester two students of the Department of Informatics Engineering in 2019/2020. The research subjects were 34 male students and 23 female students. Methods of data collection using tests and observations. The research instrument used was a computational thinking ability test and an observation sheet. Data analysis using a t-test (independent sample) with analysis prerequisites in normality and homogeneity tests. Test analysis utilizing the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The study of research data shows that there are significant differences between the computational thinking ability of male and female students. The average results of the computational thinking ability test showed that male students' computational thinking ability is better than the female students' computational thinking ability. The male and female students' computational thinking skills reach the generalization stage, where male students can find solutions directly through easy-to-understand and straightforward ideas. Meanwhile, female students can explain the flow and concepts used to solve problems. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan berpikir komputasi mahasiswa semester awal jurusan Teknik Informatika berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester 2 jurusan Teknik Informatika tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Subjek penelitian adalah 34 siswa laki-laki dan 23 siswa perempuan. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan observasi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan berpikir komputasi dan lembar observasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji-t dengan prasyarat analisis berupa uji normalitas dan homogenitas. Uji analisis menggunakan bantuan IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan berpikir komputasi siswa laki-laki dan perempuan. Hasil rata-rata tes kemampuan berpikir komputasi diperoleh bahwa kemampuan berpikir komputasi siswa laki-laki lebih baik daripada kemampuan berpikir komputasi siswa perempuan. Kemampuan berpikir komputasi mahasiswa putra dan putri mencapai tahap generalisasi, dimana mahasiswa putra mampu mencari penyelesaian secara langsung melalui ide sederhana dan mudah dipahami. Sedangkan mahasiswa putri mampu menjelaskan alur dan konsep yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah.

Dietary pattern amongst Medical college students, Delhi

Background: India is experiencing a transitional shift with more of new cases of Non Communicable Disease observed specially in young adults. One of the major reasons of this upsurge is faulty dietary habits, resulting in overweight and obesity and further rise in NCDs. The purpose of this study is to assess eating habits and nutritional risk factors for NCDs in a medical student of Medical college of Delhi. Methods: After explaining the purpose of the study in individual classroom explained questionnaire was mailed to all 300 medical college undergraduate students currently studying in this medical college. The form consists of questions on sociodemographic details including information about weights, height and eating habits including, drinking and smoking habits. Results: Filled forms were returned by 220 students out of which 204 were found to be complete and were considered for further analysis. Of total 204 students, 72 (35.3%) were females and 132 (64.7%) were males in our study. Regarding meals only 154 (75.5%) were found to be taking meals regularly i.e. more than 3 times a day and 82.4% (168) were having breakfast on regularly basis. Daily consumption of vegetable and legumes against recommended two times were found only in 41.2 (84) students, similarly daily fruit consumption against recommended two times was found only in 30.4% (62) students only. However fast-food consumption on daily basis was as high as 23.5% (48).Smoking was absent in students and alcohol intake was present in 3% of males (06) and reportedly absent in females. About 22.5% (46) was reported of doing some sort of exercise in a week but only 20 (9.8 %) were found to be doing exercise on daily basis. 156 (76.5%) sought some sort of information regarding balanced diet and 120 (58.8%) had reported to have adequate information about balance diet. Conclusion: Eating habits were found to be irregular among undergraduate medical students with regard to meals and daily intake of fruits and vegetables was found to be less than recommended norms. More efforts are required for improving eating practices of the students and also for adequate nutrition and its implication on health. Keywords: Eating Practices, MBBS students, Balanced diet, Junk food, Regular meals, Non comunicable diseases.

Artist Statement: Pattern on Pattern

Artist statement: Pattern on Pattern. Énoncé d'artiste : motif sur motif.

Community Based Education Development Patterns in Nurul Iman Islamic Boarding School Jambi Province

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the pattern of community based education development in the Nurul Iman Islamic boarding school in Jambi. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach with case study research design in the sense that research is focused on just one phenomenon that is chosen and wants to be understood in depth. This research was conducted directly by using field notes and cameras for documentation. Data collection is done by the method of in depth interviews and observations. The results of the research from the Community Based Education Development Pattern in the Nurul Iman Islamic boarding school in Jambi can be divided into two important components, namely: through the first component is the Teaching Pattern with Community Spiritual Education and Community Work Education and the second component is the Islamic Leadership Pattern. Participation Community members in the Nurul Iman Islamic Boarding School and Stakeholders in Educational Development have felt well in the form of thought participation, labor participation, property participation, skills participation or proficiency and social participation.

KALIMAT INTEROGATIF DALAM BUKU TEKS BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS XI EDISI REVISI 2017

This study aims to describe the question words, types, and interrogative sentence patterns in Indonesian textbooks Class XI Revised Edition 2017. This type of research is qualitative. The analysis method is a method of sharing with marking reading techniques and analysis of sentence constituent function functions. This method is presented informally. The results of this study are (1) question words include: apa(kah), siapa(kah), mengapa, kenapa, bagaimana(kah), mana(kah), di mana, dari mana, kapan(kah), berapa, and bukan ; (2) types of asking for a yes-no answer, asking for information about one of the elements of the sentence, asking for a reason, asking for an opinion, and verifying; (3) the pattern is (a) (Kt.Tny)+S+P+(O)+(Ket), (b) +Adv+-kah+S+P+O+(Ket), (c) +P+-kah+S+Ket, dan (d) +S+P+(O)+(Pel)+(Ket), Kt.Tny.

Evaluación cualitativa de extractos macerados con diferentes solventes para la extracción de glicoalcaloides y flavonoides de Dioscórea bulbifera en condiciones estándar obtenidos en los llanos orientales de Colombia

Se evaluaron cualitativamente diferentes solventes para la extracción de núcleos esteroides y flavonoides en bulbos de Dioscorea bulbifera Salv. Se analizó el bulbo crudo y macerados en agua, aceite y alcohol 40%. La triangulación de las observaciones en las RxSh y RxL-B con un patrón químico definido, un blanco y la prueba experimental evaluó la presencia del núcleo químico. Se estableció por matriz de relaciones que el alcohol tuvo mayor afinidad a compuestos flavonoides y alcaloides detectándose que el 100% de ensayos realizados fue positivo para cada núcleo. Se detectó en un 83% compuestos alcaloides en muestras de bulbo crudo y superior al 70% para flavonoides. El aceite mineral presentó características conservantes del bulbo y resultados negativos para ambos núcleos. Se concluye que el alcoholato con bulbos de D. bulbifera extrae compuestos de núcleos flavonoides y esteroides para emplearse como ingrediente bioactivo para aplicación en diferentes áreas industriales.