Verbal Patterns Research Articles

英汉移动动词词汇化模式对比研究

英汉移动动词词汇化模式对比研究

VARIASI DAN POLA KOLOKASI VERBA DALAM MAKNA ‘MEMBERIKAN INFORMASI’ PADA KORPUS BERITA

There are many variations of verb in the meaning of 'providing information’ in the news text. This diversity of verbs in the same field of meaning often creates similar meanings from one to another. In sentences, these variation of verbs not only functioned to enrich the vocabulary and the beauty of dictions but also can show its function in sentences. It’s relevant with Chaer's statement (2012) which said that utterances or words of synonymous are never have the same meaning. It means, each word has its role and function in giving meaning to a sentence. This research was conducted to look further at the relationship of meaning between verbs which are in the same meaning field. The meaning relations which observed are the similarities and differences between these verbs by looking at the collocate that comes after those verbs. The collocate that accompanies the verb can give an idea of ​​the verb pattern in a sentence. This research using a corpus-based application with the theme 'Reconstruction of the Murder of Brigadier J by Ferdy Sambo'. The final results show that out of thirty published reports, fourteen variations of the verb which means 'providing information' with different collocate patterns are found. This research reinforces Chaer's (2012) statement that some verbs which have a close meaning also have their pattern even though they are in the same meaning field. Keywords: news corpus, verb variations, collocations.

Communication and pragmatic peculiarities of esoteric forecasts in mass media discourse of the Russo-Ukrainian war

The subject of the study is esoteric projections as one of the ways to create a verbal pattern of the future. The study is based on the text and video content containing esoteric forecasts, fortune telling and predictions about the course of the Russo-Ukrainian War after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the aggressor’s military. Today Ukrainians suffer from the Russian military’s criminal actions and information warfare organized by the authorities and propagandists of the Russian Federation, they feel permanent stress and are very sensitive to esoteric content that creates an illusion of understanding of the situation, provokes wrong conclusions and actions, which can result in dangerous situations for the citizens. Thus, Ukraine has a serious problem of differentiating between high-quality and manipulative forecasts, which makes urgent the study of its communication and pragmatic peculiarities, verification of the forecasts, and dissemination of information about forecasting content quality. The aim of the study is to accentuate and explore esoteric forecasting as a special type of verbal modeling of the future, which has different communication purposes, specific intentionally organized non-verbal context of the messages about the future and means of linguistic impact on the recipient, as opposed to the scientific and naive empirical forecasting. The results of this study showed a manipulative nature of the esoteric forecasts — in most cases, they are aimed at attracting an audience to the media channels with corresponding content and forming a social and political opinion beneficial to the sponsors of such content, or required evaluation of the events in Ukraine and other countries. From the linguistic point of view, esoteric forecasts are typically characterized by imperative constructions with the explicitly realized epistemic modality of reality expressed by the modes of faith, knowledge, and belief. This is a distinct feature of the forecasts based on analysis, whereas scientific and naive empirical forecasting is characterized by the author’s uncertainty about the forecasting content, which they demonstrate using constructions with hypothetic epistemic modality and lexical means that convey uncertainty and hesitation. This study is novel as linguistic and extralingual means of expression of esoteric forecasts under the conditions of the Russo-Ukrainian War were analysed for the first time. It is worth studying scientific and empirical forecasts and determine the nature of their influence on the media content consumers in the future.

Verbal modifiers in areal perspective: The case of Latvian Romani

Based on the analysis of the texts collected in the 1930s in Latvia and Estonia, this paper provides a description of the semantics of the verbal modifiers, i.e., prefixes (preverbs) and particles, in Latvian Romani. The system of verbal modifiers in Latvian Romani is an innovation evolved under Slavic and Baltic influence. Most preverbs are instances of MAT-borrowing from Slavic and Baltic, whereas verb particles are a PATborrowing, modelled after the Latvian system. The paper argues that even preverbs of Slavic origin often copy the semantics and derivational patterns of Latvian prefixed verbs. It is also shown that, differently from Latvian, in Romani both preverbs and verb particles can affect the verb’s argument structure (e.g., by making it transitive) and change its aspectual value (e.g., by making it perfective). Finally, the distribution of verbal modifiers in Latvian Romani (the development of verb particles as opposed to other closely related Northeastern Romani dialects which only have prefixes, and higher frequency of verb particles in Estonia than in Latvia) confirms the areal cline in the spread of verb particles.

Implicit causality biases of Romanian interpersonal verbs: elicitation and initial results

Implicit causality is the property of interpersonal verbs to relate two human or animate entities in such a way that one of the referents is assumed to have caused the action or attitude described by the verb. This assumption, which has been termed bias and which is seemingly rooted in the argument structure of verbs, affects remention and subsequent pronominalization. This paper surveys theoretical and psycholinguistic approaches to causality in language with a focus on implicit causal relations expressed inter-clausally by verbs. It also presents the preliminary results of an off-line sentence-continuation study in which we tested the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural consistency of the implicit causality bias patterns of interpersonal verbs in Romanian.

Analysing the variation of metadiscourse verb patterns in English academic papers from within and between disciplines

Abstract English is a universal language and is widely used. In order to deepen the cognition of language, this paper proposes to analyse the variation of metadiscourse verb patterns in English academic papers from within and between disciplines. By comparing the metadiscourse chunks used in various disciplines, it is concluded that there are obvious differences in the verb types of the subject papers. Analysing various identification algorithms of verb types, it is obtained that the combination of the word movement distance (WMD) model and the R&L density peak clustering algorithm is the best. Using the R&L density peak clustering, identification parameters are easy to determine, and when combined with the WMD model to calculate the similarity of words, it improve the accuracy of verb pattern clustering. By comparison, it is proved that the accuracy of the algorithm combining the WMD model and R&L density peak clustering reaches 30.06%, and the effect of identifying verb pattern variation is the best.

Do Girls Outperform Boys in Early Syntactic Development? Negative Evidence from Mandarin-Speaking Preschoolers

This study aimed to verify the sex differences seen in our previous study on early syntactic development among Cantonese-speaking children with the same corpus design but a different Chinese language: Mandarin. The utterances produced during half-hour play activities by 192 Beijing children, ranging from 3 to 6 years, were collected in the Early Child Mandarin Corpus and analyzed in this study. Their syntactic development was measured in terms of mean length of utterance (MLU), sentence type and structure, syntactic complexity, and verb pattern. The statistical analyses indicated significant age differences in MLU, sentence types and structures, and syntactic complexity. However, no sex or age-by-sex differences in MLU were found. This negative evidence indicates that sex difference is neither universal nor cross-language. The implications for early childhood education and future studies are discussed.

KUR’AN’DA İFFET KAVRAMI: SEMANTİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Kur’an’da bahsedilen pek çok ahlâkî kavram vardır. Bunlardan iffet kavramının bütün ahlâkî kavramlar içerisinde önemli bir yer teşkil ettiği görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla onun özel olarak ele alınması yararlı olacaktır. Bu çalışma, Kur’an’da iffet kavramının semantik olarak incelenmesini hedeflemektedir. İffet kelimesi bu şekliyle Kur’an’da yer almamakla birlikte onun türemiş olduğu aff/عفف kökü, dört âyette geçmektedir. Arapça’da aff/عفف kelimesi, temelde “az bir şeyi almakla yetinmek” anlamına gelirken daha sonra “helal ve hoş olmayan şeylerden sakınmak, gayri meşru olandan kaçınmak” anlamlarında kullanılmıştır. Kur’an’da da bu doğrultuda geçtiği âyetlerden ikisinde “mala yönelik isteklere gem vurma”, diğer iki âyette ise “meşru olmayan cinsel isteklere set çekme” anlamında kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu kullanımlara göre iffetin, insanın imtihanı sırasında başına dert olabilecek en önde gelen iki zaafını dizginlemeyi sağlayan önemli bir erdem olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Özellikle Kur’an’da kelimenin üç yerde “iffetli olmayı isteme”, bir yerde de “güçlüğe katlanarak iffeti elde etme” anlamlarını ifade eden fiil kalıplarında kullanıldıkları görülmektedir. Bu kullanımlara göre iffetin ancak ilâhî bir destekle ulaşılabilecek değerli bir fazilet olduğu söylenebilir. Kur’an’da hayâ, gınâ ve tehassun iffete yakın anlamlı kavramlar olarak öne çıkarken bigâ, teberrüc ve ilhâf ise ona zıt kavramlar olarak alınabilir. İffet kişide cömertlik, sabır ve kanaat gibi erdemlerin oluşmasına katkı sağlayan ve aynı zamanda hırs, riya ve haset gibi kötü ahlâka da engel teşkil eden önemli bir erdemdir.

THE MYTH OF METAPHOR SYMBOLS IN SPEECH I HAVE A DREAM

The speech I Have A Dream is Martin Luther King's political speech, delivered in front of the Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1963. In the text of speech there are several metaphorical symbols (language style) in conveying his message and protest attitude against the American legal and political system which is considered unfair. To fully understand the meaning and message of the speech, the research question is "What is the meaning of the mythical metaphorical symbol in Martin Luther King’s I Have A Dream?" In analyzing the metaphorical symbols in the speech, the researcher used Roland Barthes' semiotic approach and the research procedure used descriptive qualitative form. The results of this study found that the metaphorical symbols in I Have A Dream's speech used various syntactic patterns, namely: 1) using adjective word patterns such as symbolic shadow, beacon light, flames of withering, long night; 2) using noun patterns such as manacles, chains, island, ocean, languished, land, shameful, valley, hill, mountain, crooked place; 3) use a verb pattern as in the phrase to blow off steam, a rude awakening, returns to business

Regularity of Word-final [t] in Irregular Past Tense Verbs in English

The purpose of this study is to investigate the phonological pattern of English irregular past tense verbs which have word-final phoneme /t/ and analyze the regularity of the irregular verbs in terms of the final phoneme /t/ which is exemplified in the implemented past tense verbs. This could be closely related to the quasi-regularity that Seidenberg and McClelland (1989) or McClelland (2018) suggested, based on the point that it represents partial consistency with the regular patterns of other forms; the typical tendency for existing in other clusters with similar characteristics. This paper will prove that the regularity of the final consonant /t/ in past tense verbs can be appropriately explained by some constraints and the ranking; [Son]-[t]coda, [Obs]-[t]coda ≫ Ident-IO[high], NonIdent-IO[high], in which the ranking is variable. The correspondence principles contribute to analyzing the regularity of irregular past tense phoneme /t/ in English.

Serial Verb Constructions in Nzema: A Descriptive Analysis

This paper aims to discuss Serial Verb Constructions (SVCs) in Nzema, a Southern Bia (Kwa) language. It draws on some of the characteristics and properties that have been surveyed in the existing literature, for instance, subject/object sharing, tense, aspect, and negation. It also discusses the types and functions of SVCs in Nzema. The current paper analyses the notions of tense, aspect, and polarity and how they are marked in Nzema SVCs. Most of the data used in the analysis has been derived from the daily conversations of native speakers. Four respondents were approached for the purpose of this study. The analysis shows that Nzema SVCs belong to the types explored in the literature as clause chaining, both integrated and concordial. Moreover, serial verb patterns are used by the speakers to add argument, such as an instrument or beneficiary. Future markers are used before the verbs, while past markers occur after the verbs. On the other hand, progressive aspect markers occur before the verbs in the speech of the respondents. Furthermore, tense and aspect marking are repeated by the respondents on all the verbs in the series. Regarding argument sharing, the object is only shared when the verbs in the series are transitive.
 Keywords: argument sharing, clause chaining serialization, concordial serial verb, integrated serial verb construction

Коммуникативная стратегия самопрезентации русскоязычном деловом дискурсе

The paper analyzes verbal patterns of communicants in the discourse of recruitment. The need to examine patterns and rules of communicative behavior of job applicants highlights the relevance of the study. Its results will enable predicting the success of communication during a job interview and, as a result, in employment. The purpose of the author is to identify and analyze the main and unique verbal tactics of interviewees implemented within the self-presentation as a basic strategy of job candidates. This strategy is represented by a scheme that includes a list of direct and indirect self-presenting actions. 
 The basic method of the study is an integrative discourse analysis undertaken as part of linguistic pragmatics. The goal of the study, characteristics of its object and subject justify the selection of this approach. The outlined indirect self-presenting actions of the job candidate include the request for communicatively meaningful information and productive self-criticism by which the applicant can demonstrate professionalism and interest in obtaining a position.
 The prevalence of indirect self-presenting tactics in the Russian-language recruitment discourse demonstrated for the first time by the study, is linked primarily to the specifics of the Russian mentality and business environment. The materials and findings of the study may be utilized in further linguistic studies and are important for recruiters and all potential applicants.

A prosodic morphophonological analysis of the trilateral perfect passive verbs in Qassimi Arabic

This paper advances a comprehensive account of the pattern of trilateral perfect passive verbs (TPPVs) in Qassimi Arabic (QA), a major variety of Najdi Arabic. Data were collected from 31 native QA speakers from three different generations. Qualitative data collection included both structured and semi-structured interviews along with the researchers’ observations. A mixed analysis approach was used, allowing for both qualitative and descriptive quantitative analysis. Two important points arose from the findings. First, QA exhibits a hybrid morphophonological system and, hence, adopts different trilateral perfect passive patterns (TPPPs), which diverge from those in Modern Standard Arabic in their template and prosodic structures as well as in the morphophonological processes applied to derive these patterns. Second, the study confirms that one feature of a language is changeability since the pattern of TPPVs in QA reveals several diachronic changes among the generations of QA speakers. It is hoped that these findings will add notable insights to the literature on QA, and to the passive construction in particular.

Metre, Rhythm, and Sounds of Silence in Shakespeare

ABSTRACT This article draws a sharp distinction between the terms ‘metre’ and ‘rhythm’. It explores the meaningful non-semantic values in Shakespeare’s verbal patterns, and the super-metrical rhythms they create. It considers the religious and educational contexts in which ordinary people in the sixteenth century experienced metre – experiences which often included the use of paraphrase or hearing something against a memory of another version of the same thing. And it argues that in English, where poets are compelled to grapple with the competing forces of accent and syllable length, the interplay between metre and rhythm can be exploited in fluid, even seemingly improvisational ways. In the spoken language of plays, this feature can be used to aid characterisation by creating specific dramaturgical effects, including different kinds of noise and, crucially, significant silences, which can be missed when metre and rhythm are used as interchangeable terms.

Irregular Verb Acquisition Among EFL and ESL Learners in Cameroon: Peculiarities of Group 4 and 5 Verbs

Acquisition patterns of irregular verbs by Second and Foreign Language learners of English in Cameroon present remarkable peculiarities that emanate from the country’s unique linguistic identity, where French, English and a multiplicity of local languages are spoken. Following on a previous study (see Ngasu Betek 2020) this study documents these peculiarities, but with a focus on Group 4 and 5 irregular verbs, to ascertain the mastery of English irregular verbs. From a population of nine hundred (900) students from six selected schools in Cameroon, samples of their production in English irregular verb usage were collected. The specific classes were Forms One, Three, Five, (of the Anglophone sub-system of secondary education), and Sixième, Quatrième and Seconde students (from the Francophone sub-system of secondary education). Using Simple Random Sampling Technique, completion tasks were administered and the results analysed to identify and map traceable frequency patterns of use by students. A comparative analysis of the two leaner clusters was carried out which revealed ESL and EFL learners of English in Cameroon both exhibited challenges in using irregular verbs either through overgeneralizations or through morphological distortions of irregular verbs especially at the past tense. This paper thus informs on best practices for successful learning, specifically in the acquisition of irregular verbs by L1 and L2 learners in schools in Cameroon.

The role of verbal patterns in Arabic reading acquisition: insights from cross-modal priming

The role of verbal patterns in Arabic reading acquisition: insights from cross-modal priming

The Flipped Classroom Model of Japanese Teaching Based on Intelligent Decision-Making System

Invert the model of learning in the classroom as a new model in the field of education as modern Internet technologies develop and the concept of learning is updated. It is widely used and promoted in various disciplines. Scholars and front-line teachers have begun to try to introduce the flipped classroom teaching model into language classrooms. With this opportunity, practical studies on flipping classes in foreign languages have emerged. At the same time, the study of the learning process in the classroom has become a problem that needs to be urgently addressed. At present, the linguistic field generally regards the specific teacher-student discourse interaction and verbal communication patterns in the teaching process as a research trend. For the Japanese teaching field, the research on the specific characteristics and patterns of teacher-student verbal communication in classroom discourse is a top priority. Drawing on previous research theories and research methods, the two key research topics are combined. Taking the foreign language curriculum under two different classroom teaching modes as the empirical research object, this paper studies the specific classroom teaching process by using the interaction theory of sociology. At the same time, it uses the Flanders Interaction Analysis System (FIAS) to conduct detailed quantitative research on the interaction of teachers and students in classroom discourse, and analyze and discuss the statistical results. The relevant teaching suggestions for the application of the Japanese flipped classroom teaching mode are put forward, and the problems that must be paid attention to in the practical application are pointed out, in order to provide meaningful reference and reference for the construction of the Japanese teaching mode.

Role of Morphology in Visual Word Recognition: A Parafoveal Preview Study in Arabic Using Eye-Tracking

Words in Semitic languages such as Arabic and Hebrew are composed of two interwoven morphemes: roots and word patterns (verbal and nominal). Studies exploring the organizing principles of the mental lexicon in Hebrew reported robust priming effects by roots and verbal patterns, but not by nominal patterns. In Arabic, prior studies have produced some inconsistent results. Using the eye-tracking methodology, this study investigated whether the Arabic morphological classes (i.e., root, verbal pattern, nominal pattern) presented parafoveally would facilitate naming of foveally presented words among young native Arabic skilled readers. Results indicate that roots and both word patterns accelerated word naming latencies, suggesting that morphological knowledge contributed to word recognition processes in Arabic. The inclusion of the three morpheme classes into one study represents so far the most comprehensive study of morphological priming effects in Arabic.

Discourse analysis on the city ordinances of Tagum City

This study entitled DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON THE CITY ORDINANCES OF TAGUM CITY describes and analyzes the stance markers, lexico-grammatical patterns of verbs, and semantics of verbs in the city ordinances. The method of analysis of this descriptive-qualitative study is based on the frameworks of the elements of stance by Hyland (2005), sub-categories of verb groups by Burton-Roberts (1994), and classification of verbal prototypes by Dixon and Aikhenvald (2004) employing Wetherell et al.'s (2001) four approaches to discourse analysis. This study analyzed five (5) randomly selected city ordinances of Tagum City from 2000 to 2017 with topics focusing on health, women, children, gender, and family. Based on the analyses of data, the findings revealed that in the city ordinances’ (a) boosters are used to express persuasion; (b) complex transitive verb groups are used to provide justification or support to the provisions; (c) affective verbs are used to express commitment and responsibility; and (d) stance markers, lexico-grammatical patterns of verbs and semantics of verbs contribute to the overall meaning and understanding in the city ordinances and helped in the easy understanding of the local law. The results of this study are found to have implications concerning the students, language teachers, government officials, and future researchers.

New Identity in Modern Patriotic Cinema

The paper analyzes the construction of a new identity of citizens of the Russian Federation through modern patriotic films that form a holistic symbolic image filled with visual and verbal patterns of behavior. The results of an expert and focus group interview are given, as well as the results of an online survey on the assessment of the formation of new and transformation of old forms of identity, which strengthens or weakens the patriotic feelings of citizens after the release of the film. The stages and forms of identity change associated with the superficial preservation of old symbols, without deep meanings, the substitution of values and the displacement of some values by others are revealed. The forms and meanings of the transformation of values that affect the new meanings of identity (the identity of survival and the identity of development and realization) will also be highlighted. We pay particular attention to lexemes that highlight the features of major types of social behavior, as well as their social inclusion and evaluation of publications on patriotism on their pages in social networks. The results of a quantitative survey indicate a greater interest and attention to foreign films that influence the identity, but the features of Russian cinema are indicated, revealing additional meanings and forms of implementation in domestic cinema. There are four groups of constructing a new identity through the assessment of modern patriotic films: the first are those who watch these films with family and friends out of interest in the plot and full complicity and empathy with the characters, the second are those who watch because of fashion, the third watch them due to philistine interest, and the fourth are those who do not watch but assess (often negatively) modern patriotic films. The analysis of views on modern patriotic films of representatives of these groups in personal social networks is carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects for constructing a new identity through patriotic films for children and adults, and the general mechanism for constructing a new modern identity of Russians is considered.