Placement Patterns Research Articles

Vascular complications based on mode of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

BackgroundVascular complications remain a prevalent and devastating complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Risks for vascular complications have risen as the volume and medical complexity of ECMO cases has rapidly increased in recent years. This study assesses occurrence and clinical impact of vascular complications across all ECMO modes and cannulation methods in a high-volume academic center. MethodsA retrospective single-institution review was performed of all ECMO cannulations for central or peripheral venovenous (VV) or venoarterial (VA) ECMO in 2019-2020. Patients who expired during cannulation were excluded. Primary outcomes of vascular consultation rates at or after ECMO placement, limb loss, and mortality were assessed during index hospitalization. ResultsA total of 229 patients were identified during the 2-year study period. VA ECMO was used in the majority of patients (n = 137, 60%), with 83% (N = 114) undergoing peripheral cannulation. Vascular surgery was consulted in 54 (23.6%) patients. Complication rates ranged from 33.9% in peripheral VA cannulation to 7% in jugular VV cannulation. Overall, 65% of vascular consults required operative intervention; interventions were highest in peripheral VA ECMO (n = 30 of 114, 26.3%). Across all ECMO types, acute limb ischemia (ALI) was the most common complication (n = 38, 16.5%), with rates ranging from 26.1% in central VA ECMO to 4.8% in jugular VV ECMO. Distal antegrade perfusion catheters (DPCs) were employed in n = 68 of 114 (59.6%) of all peripheral VA ECMO cases. Prophylactic DPCs were found to be incorrectly placed in 10.2% (n = 7 of 68) of cases, which obscured the ability to fully evaluate the effect of prophylactic DPCs on reducing rates of ALI. Major amputation (Below Knee Amputation/Above Knee Amputation) occurred in six peripheral VA patients (5.3%), two central VA patients (8.65), and two femoral-femoral VV patients (4%). Patients with ALI experienced significantly lower rates of in-hospital survival in Kaplan-Meier analysis (32.5% vs 54%, log-rank = 0.023). ConclusionsThis study highlights the prevalence of vascular complications, and their associated mortality impact, across all modes of ECMO and additionally identifies several areas for institutional performance improvement. ALI was the most common complication across all cohorts and was associated with decreased in-hospital survival. The impact of DPC on ALI was difficult to elucidate due to nonstandardized placement patterns and selective use. In the care of these medically complex patients on multidisciplinary teams, review of outcomes and group discussions targeting areas for improvement are critical to success; in this study, findings resulted in the development of a lower extremity perfusion management protocol.

Verb placement variation in Swedish and Danish

This article gives a summary of the Swedish and Danish data on verb placement in the Nordic Word order Database (NWD; Lundquist et al. 2019). The data were collected using an elicited production paradigm. I discuss variation in verb placement in Danish in four constructions: in embedded clauses with respect to adverbs (embedded V2), in main clauses with respect to preverbal and sentence-medial adverbs, and in embedded and main clause wh-questions. The Swedish data cover embedded clauses only. The Swedish and Danish results are discussed in direct comparison to the verb placement patterns observed in the other North Germanic languages covered in the NWD.

Ore-forming systems of large deposits of high-tech metals in Russia: patterns of placement, conditions of formation, mineral resource potential

Ore-forming systems of large deposits of high-tech metals in Russia: patterns of placement, conditions of formation, mineral resource potential

Vehicle Localization Using Magnetic Markers Incorporating EKF and Maximum Likelihood Estimation

Vehicle localization is an important technical factor in autonomous driving vehicles. Particularly, accurate and precise information about the vehicle position should be obtained, with robustness towards various weather and road conditions. A method using magnetic road markers as coordinate reference points for vehicle localization has proven to achieve the above requirements. However, such method has various limitations. For example, it is unable to localize the vehicle when the vehicle veers off the course of magnetic marker system. This is problematic especially in places where vehicles can take various paths, such as intersections. In this paper, we propose a concept to localize the vehicle using only one set of magnetic sensors, and a novel marker placement method, where markers are placed in a grid-like patterns to enable localization for various paths. To achieve this, extended Kalman filter was used to integrate information from inertial measurement unit with the information from magnetic markers. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to associate the coordinates of detected markers from a known marker coordinate map. Simulation using MATLAB showed that the proposed method is plausible. The proposed localization algorithm was able to correctly associate the marker coordinates and accurately estimate the vehicle position and heading in some conditions. It also suggested that the marker placement pattern could affect the precision of the marker association algorithm.

WAQF LĀZIM DALAM MUSHAF AL-QUR’AN STANDAR INDONESIA DAN MUSHAF MADINAH: ANALISIS JUMLAH, POLA PENEMPATAN, DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PENAFSIRAN AYAT

The study of al-wqaf wa al-ibtidā' is one of the branches of 'ulum al-Qur'ān which is very important to be studied by Muslims. Moreover, today the Qur'anic mushafs circulating in the world have differences, both in terms of the signs used, as well as waqf and number. This issue has attracted the attention of many scholars. However, the comprehensive research on how the image of waqf lāzim among the different mushafs of the Qur’an, especially the mushafs wich are widely circulated in Indonesian society, and its effect on interpretation is still rare. This paper is present in order to find scientific answers to the main question, what is the different in amount of waqf lāzim, its placement pattern, and its effect on interpretation between the Indonesian Standard Qur'an Mushaf and Madinah Mushaf. This study uses a comparative-analytical method, which is to compare the differences between two or more groups of a certain variable, in this case comparing the differences in the placement of waqf lāzim between the Indonesian Standard Qur'an Mushaf and Madinah Mushaf. After being compared as a whole, it is then analyzed about the causes-effects and factors that influence of these differences on interpretation. There are several points that can be concluded, there are 86 waqf lāzim places in the Indonesian Standard al-Qur'an Mushaf; 53 places in the middle of the verse and 33 places at the end. Meanwhile, in Madinah Mushaf, there are 22 verses marked with waqf lāzim, all of which are in the middle of the verse. This difference stems from the different patterns of placement of waqf lāzim, which are analyzed based on grammatical understanding and meaning. The selection of a waqf lāzim cannot be separated from the tendency of the interpretation of the verse desired by the Mushaf. After investigating, two main factors, internal and external, play a big role in influencing the differences in determining waqf lāzim between these two mushaf.

Performing Analysis, Performing Metal

Light shows at contemporary rock concerts generally create an immersive, multi-sensory experience. In their most sophisticated forms, however, they provide a visual analysis of the music as it unfolds. This paper presents a case study of what I call the analytical light show, by examining how the intricate light shows of extreme metal band Meshuggah contribute an interpretive layer that not only promotes multi-sensory engagement, but also actively guides listeners through songs’ formal structures.Meshuggah’s light shows, created by lighting designer Edvard Hansson, are exhaustively synchronized to the rhythmic patterns of the guitars and drums. Meticulous use of color, brightness, directionality, placement pattern, and beam movement provide additional information about gesture, articulation, and pitch. These analytical light shows provide a three-dimensional visual score that dramatizes rhythms while guiding listeners through each riff. Through this lighting, spatial and bodily metaphors of musical movement—high and low, moving and holding still—are transmuted into visual representation. By presenting analysis and performance simultaneously and as each other, Meshuggah combines technical virtuosity with rock authenticity, and provides another example of what I have called “coercive synesthesia” (Lucas 2014), as the lighting becomes an inextricable part of the musical experience. Beyond the confines of metal culture, I study the analytical light show as an expression of vernacular musical analysis that combines specific analytical and technical expertise with the intuitive, embodied knowledge that experienced music listeners possess.

Evaluation of Variability in Gait Styles Used by Dogs Completing Weave Poles in Agility Competition and Its Effect on Completion of the Obstacle.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and define paw placement patterns for canines completing the weave pole obstacle during canine agility trials. The secondary objectives were to determine the most efficient running style and completion percentages and provide a basis for future studies to evaluate the long-term implications of variants in weave style and predisposition to injury. We hypothesized that dogs would display definitive gait patterns and that a single stepping pattern would yield faster run times compared to double stepping patterns.Animals: A total of 1,377 video recordings of dogs completing weaves poles at the American Kennel Club 2019 National Agility Championship were viewed.Procedures: Competition videos were reviewed as dogs attempted completion of the weave pole obstacle. Data collected included front limb and rear limb paw placement styles, time to complete the obstacle, and demographic data.Results: Attempts could be classified into one of five styles based on front and rear paw placement, with no one style dominant. Weave style differed by height and breed, with taller dogs and Border Collies preferring a single stepping style. Weave times were significantly faster for competitors using a single stepping style vs. other gaits.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: This study found five identifiable gait styles used by dogs running weave pole obstacles, with front feet single stepping yielding significantly faster run times compared to other gaits. A clear classification of running styles will allow future studies to evaluate different stresses on joints, such as the shoulder, between varying gait styles, which could lead to recommendations for injury prevention.

Pengaruh Pola Pemasangan dan Rasio Dimensi Propeller Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Perahu Tipe Penggerak Contra Rotation Propeller

The propeller is an important part of the ship's propulsion installation. Differences in propeller design can affect the propulsion performance of the ship. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in dimension ratio and propeller installation pattern on the performance of the contra rotation propeller type boat. The research was carried out experimentally by using variations of three-dimensional propeller ratios including R1 (1:1); R2 (1:1/2) and R3 (1:1/4), while the pattern of placement of the shaft tilt angle includes 15oand 20o. The flow pattern is conditioned with the waveless and wavy flow. Data collection includes boat speed and visualization of fluid flow behind the propeller which is then analyzed to obtain performance characteristics for each variation used. The results showed that the dimension ratio and the pattern of contra rotation propeller installation affected the speed and thrust of the boat, where the optimum power was obtained at the variation of the ratio R2 at a shaft tilt angle of 15owith the provision of a water flow mechanism without waves resulting in a speed of 0.576923 cm/second and under conditions of wavy at 0.523256 cm/second. The greatest thrust occurs in conditions of water flow without waves at the variation of the ratio R2 with a value of 33.23 kN and in wavy conditions of 30.13 kN. Visualization of fluid flow behind the shaft has shown the performance of the contra rotation propeller in various variations given through changes in the shape and length of the resulting path .Keywords: dimension ratio, installation pattern, contra rotation propeller, boat performance

San’ani Arabic Stress in Harmonic Serialism

The word stress system in San’ani Arabic exhibits patterns of stress placement that associate some level of prominence with syllables with long vowels and syllables that end in the left-leg of a geminate. The fact that such syllables always succeed in attracting stress away from other non-final CVC syllables, even beyond the final trisyllabic window, clearly indicates the role that underlying moraicity plays in the stress algorithm. The proposed account, offered in this paper for the word stress system in San’ani, is couched in Harmonic Serialism, as a serial version of Optimality Theory. Key to the analyses presented is the assumption of gradual prosodification. The distinction drawn between faithful and unfaithful prosodic operations allows for applying some in a parallel fashion, but confines others to serialism. Central to the analysis, as well, is the exceptional case of final stress, which is mainly attributed to the intrinsic prominence of syllables with underlying bimoraic sequences.

HTR-10 OTTO Cycle Depletion Simulation Using Discrete Element Method Coupled Monte Carlo

Pebble bed reactor core contains 27,000 pebbles placed in a random position. Since the pebble insertion relies on gravity, the pebble placement pattern is irregular. Discrete Element Method used to simulate the pebble interaction and pebble movement during HTR-10 operation. Even though pebbles distributed randomly, the random generation of pebble positions used in most research does not mimic the actual pebble position and pebble surface contact. The Discrete Element Method provides a realistic interpretation of the pebble position by considering the pebble surface contact and gravity force. Each pebble coordinates from the Discrete Element Method obtained to construct Monte Carlo geometry of the HTR-10 core realistically. By coupling the DEM simulation with Monte Carlo simulation, it is possible to calculate the depletion while considering the core dynamic characteristic. The OTTO recirculation depletion calculation scheme with steady 10MW power for 368 days was constructed and demonstrated in this work. The DEM coupled Monte Carlo method allow one to track and predict each depleted fuel composition. Although the flux distribution change is slight in every timestep, the relation between flux and depleted U235 and Xe135 composition deserves to be taken into account. The calculation model in this work is comparable with the other calculation, but the timestep adjustment is needed to provide more accurate and representative results. Flux calculation and depletion simulation performed using the OpenMC program with ENDF/B-VIII.0 cross-section data. Please refer to digital version to view graph.

An effective crack identification method in viscoelastic media using an inverse meshfree method

In the present study, a numerical approach is proposed for identification of straight cracks in two-dimensional linear viscoelastic media. The identification procedure is based on the wave propagation in cracked viscoelastic media. The forward wave propagation problem in viscoelastic media is solved using the meshfree radial point interpolation method (RPIM), which allows the crack boundary to be easily modelled at any part of the domain. In the meshfree approach, the crack position can be changed freely during the iterations of the identification procedure. A modified higher-order incremental method is implemented for modelling dynamic behaviour of linear viscoelastic materials. Also, the integration points are determined using the background decomposition method (BDM). Firstly, the wave propagation behaviour in viscoelastic media is studied, and the effect of crack on wave propagation is investigated. Then, the inverse identification task is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem to determine the unknown crack parameters. The optimization problem is solved by a gradient-based inverse method. Several numerical tests are simulated with different number of sensors, crack size, and various initial guesses, to demonstrate the capability of the proposed techniques in obtaining accurate results. Also, it is shown that the proposed method is robust to tackle reasonable levels of measurement error. In addition, the method is investigated for different placement patterns for several sensors and the effect of number of sensors on identification of the crack is studied.

Young men and young women in secure care: gender differences in the placement of those with mental health needs

BackgroundThe system of secure care for young people in England and Wales comprises youth justice, welfare and mental health facilities. Empirical studies have failed to investigate the system as a whole. The National Adolescent Study in 2016 was the first to provide comprehensive system wide information. This paper, derived from that data set, addresses equity of service provision for young men and women in secure care who have mental health problems.MethodsThe detained census population of English young people in 2016 was 1322 and detailed data were available on 93% of this population, including 983 young men and 290 young women. The descriptive census data were interrogated to identify associations between gender, other sociodemographic and clinical variables, using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.ResultsNumerically more young men in secure care than young women in secure care warrant a psychiatric diagnosis but young women had a 9 fold increase in the odds of having a diagnosis compared with the young men. The pattern of mental health diagnoses differed significantly by gender as did the legislative framework under which females and males were placed. This different pattern of secure care placement continued to differ by gender when the nature of the mental health diagnosis was taken into account.ConclusionsNo definitive explanation is evident for the significantly different placement patterns of young men and young women with the same mental health diagnoses, but the anticipated consequences for some, young men and some young women are important. Proper explanation demands an examination of process variables outwith the remit of this study. The lack of routine scrutiny and transparent processes across secure settings could be responsible for the development of these differential placement practices; these practices seem at odds with the duty placed on public services by the Equality Act.

THE OPTIMIZE OF ASSOCIATION RULE METHOD FOR THE BEST BOOK PLACEMENT PATTERNS IN LIBRARY: A MONTHLY TRIAL

Data mining is the process of finding interesting patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data. Sources of information service, especially in the library, include books, reference books, serials, scientific gray literature (newsletters, reports, proceedings, dissertations, theses, and others). The importance of this research being carried out in the library in this study aims to implement data mining with the association rule method to solve problems, especially in the placement of shelves based on the category of the printed version of the book collection. This research method uses a qualitative research approach. Data was collected using documentation techniques and deep analysis of existing weaknesses to identify user needs whose information was obtained through observation and interviews with key informants (admin, user, etc.). For example, the determination of the best book placement patterns can be done by looking at the results of the tendency of visitors to borrow books based on a combination of 2 item sets with 60 percent of confidence value every month or week and must be evaluated or take a calculate again.

Understanding the Empty Backpack: The Role of Timing in Disproportionate Special Education Identification

Studies related to disproportionate special education identification of students from historically marginalized groups have used increasingly complex analyses to understand the interplay of factors that cause and maintain disparities. However, information regarding the influence of students’ grade level at initial special education placement remains limited. Situated in labeling theory and life course theory, we used discrete-time survival analysis to examine temporal student- and school-level factors related to patterns of placement for minoritized students within one large urban school district. Results showed that gender, race, and socioeconomic status were all factors generally associated with special education identification, and that African American and Latinx students were more likely to be placed into special education later in their school careers. This disproportionality in delayed placement was associated with particular special education labels; for example, African American students identified post-elementary school were more likely to be labeled with emotional disturbance and specific learning disability compared to same-age White peers, and Latinx students were more likely to be labeled with specific learning disability and intellectual disability compared to same-age White peers. These results implicate inequities that emerge at the intersections of age, race, and perceptions of ability that should be considered in future studies of educational equity.

Scalable Shared Scripting for Spatial Structure of Regionalized Ratings

Incisive inquiry involving indicators of ecological and environmental integrity entails exploration of spatial structure at selected scales from landscape level to regional regimes. Conventional colorization of digital displays provides perspective but is largely lacking for localization, elaboration, and explication. An overall objective for recent research is explicit extraction of spatial structure as hyper-hills and proximal propensity. Shared scripting as a computational configuration affords analytical advantage, adaptability and availability. Conservation context captures challenges of changing conditions for complex components at several spatial scales. Hyper-hill hypotheses, relativized ratings, and post patterned nucleated networks supporting secondary scaling scenarios are current contributions. Computational concerns in indicant informatics are also addressed. Retrospective results are cogent comparators for change. Shared scripting couples R software with Python as R||Python (R in parallel with Python), which is supplemented by strategic sequencing of compilation capabilities in general GIS (geographic information systems). The specific research question(s) is/are what is the particular pattern of placement and propagation in intensification of an indicant of biodiversity (avian species richness), and how does this relate to some other co-located indicants of environmental effects. This is addressed in a legacy dataset for Pennsylvania, USA. Emergent emphasis is on truncated trees of topology and impaneled indicators. Shareable software has HIDN (hexagonal indicant dual networking) as an aggregate acronym with duly drawn disclaimers.

On the higher-order thermal vibrations of FG saturated porous cylindrical micro-shells integrated with nanocomposite skins in viscoelastic medium

Since the multi-layered structures are widely used nowadays, and due to interesting applications of cylindrical shells, this study is dedicated to analyzing free vibrational behaviors of functionally graded saturated porous micro cylindrical shells with two nanocomposite skins. Based on Biot's assumptions, constitutive relations for the core are presented and effective properties of the skins are determined via the rule of mixture. A sinusoidal theory is used to capture the shear deformation effects, and to account for the scale effects, the modified couple stress theory is employed which suggests a material length-scale parameter for predicting the results in small-dimension. With the aid of extended form of Hamilton's principle for dynamic systems, differential equations of motion are extracted. Fourier series functions are used to obtain natural frequencies and after validating them, a set of parametric studies are carried out. The results show the significant effects of porosity and Skempton coefficient, pores placement patterns, CNTs addition and distribution patterns, temperature variations, material length-scale parameter and viscoelastic medium on the natural frequencies of the microstructure. The outcomes of this work could be used to design and manufacture more reliable micro cylindrical structures in thermo-dynamical environments.

The effect of artificial chick shelters on nest placement by Common Terns Sterna hirundo

ABSTRACT Capsule The density of Common Tern Sterna hirundo nests on artificial islands was increased by the provision of chick shelters, which influenced the placement of nests. Aims To understand the nest placement behaviour underlying the distribution of Common Tern nests on artificial islands with and without chick shelters. Methods We studied Common Tern nest placement patterns on an artificial island in an inland pond in Germany where ridge tiles had been deployed as chick shelters. We used point process statistics, taking the nest locations as points. The pattern of nest placement was compared with simulated patterns without chick shelters: (a) a pattern derived by replacing the nest clusters around tiles in the observed pattern with single nests and (b) patterns derived from a statistical model describing nest patterns without chick shelters from a region close to the German North Sea. Results The density of nests in close proximity to ridge tiles was higher than elsewhere on the artificial island. This suggests that the presence of tiles reduced the inter-nest distances that are acceptable to breeding Common Terns. The assumed pattern without nest clusters is shown to be similar to modelled patterns based on tern colonies without chick shelters. The presence of chick shelters appears to have resulted in a 16% increase in nest density. Conclusions Chick shelters such as ridge tiles can help to increase the numbers of breeding Common Tern pairs accommodated on artificial islands.

Study on Redundancy Improvement for Truss Bridges Focusing on the Geometry and Placement Pattern of Additional Braces

Study on Redundancy Improvement for Truss Bridges Focusing on the Geometry and Placement Pattern of Additional Braces

A Revised Pedagogy Model for Simulator-Based Training with Biomedical Laboratory Science Students

Methods based on simulation pedagogy are widely used to practice hands-on skills in safety environment. The usability of an EEG simulator on clinical neurophysiology course was evaluated. Second-year biomedical laboratory science students (N = 35) on this course were included in the study. They were divided into three groups. Two groups used the EEG simulator with different feedback modes and one group did not use the simulator. Results were expected to reveal a correlation between user experience and learning outcomes. This study made used of a mixed method study design. During the study, students were asked to keep a learning diary throughout the course on their experience. Diaries were analyzed qualitatively based on content analyses. Quantitative analyses based on an UX questionnaire that measures classical usability aspects (efficiency, perspicuity, dependability) and user experience aspects (novelty, stimulation) and the students’ feelings to use simulator. The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSSTM software. The quantitative and qualitative analyses showed that the use of the EEG simulator, which was evaluating teaching–learning process, has an extra benefit in clinical neurophysiology education and students felt that the simulator was useful in learning. The simulation debriefing session should be followed by a full theoretical and practical session. Students compared their learning from the simulator with that of the actual placement which fosters the reflective practice of learning, again deepening the understanding of the EEG electrode placement and different wave patterns.

Productivity and Distribution of Fish Aggregation Devices (FADs) in Outer Ambon Bay Waters, Indonesia

Distribution of small pelagis fish in FADs, and produktivity of FADs in AmFADs are usually used by fishermen to concentrate fish for an efficient catching activity. However, the number, distance, and distribution in the waters need to be assessed in relation to the productivity of the FADs in order to maintain the sustainability. This study was aimed to map the distribution of FADs; to analyze the distribution of species, number and size of fish associated with FADs; and to calculate FAD productivity based on distribution in the Outer Ambon Bay waters. Data was obtained by observation and interview. Field observation, including: coordinates and number of FADs, species, number and size of fish. The distance and distribution of FADs, was mapped using software (Argis web), while the productivity of FADs was analyzed base on catch per unit effort (CPUE). The result, FAD in Outer Ambon Bay waters was found 25 unit and the average distance of FAD was obtained 0.47 nautical miles, and the placement of the device was irregular. The placement pattern of FADs were generally straight to coastline. Small pelagic fish was found 7 species and the 5 of the dominant species were obtained Decapterus sp, Selar crumenophthalmus, Rastreliger sp, Sardinella sp and Selaroides sp. The species were unevenly spread at each FAD with quite varied sizes. FAD productivity showed that the highest productivity was found in the middle group FAD at Ambon Bay waters.Keywords: Distance, size, small pelagis, productivitybon Bay