Patterns Of Knowledge Production Research Articles

Production of research in Southern Africa from a political ethics of care perspective: a scoping review and reflection

In this article, we present a scoping review of the evidence and discussions in the extant literature on long-term care for older people in Southern Africa, focusing particularly on patterns of knowledge production in the region. Findings indicate that while the number of publications has increased over recent years, empirical research in countries outside of South Africa is extremely sparse and underfunded, and there is no clear research agenda. Drawing on a political ethics of care perspective, we reflect on the lack of attention to issues of care and the positioning of care for older people within societies in the region.

Universities vs. research institutes? Overcoming the Soviet legacy of higher education and research

Universities and non-university research institutes have been recognised as two key sectors producing research globally. The Soviet model of research organisation included a large network of research institutes, affiliated with the USSR Academy of Sciences and republican academies, as well as industry research institutes, affiliated with sectoral ministries. Universities played a minor role in research. Post-Soviet higher education and research systems went through reforms in the last three decades which led to changes in the patterns of knowledge production. This study offers an overview of the reforms and a bibliometric analysis of 319410 publications in journals indexed in the Web of Science database to examine how selected post-Soviet countries have overcome the Soviet legacy of organisational separation of higher education and research. While universities now produce the bulk of research output in selected countries, in the majority of national contexts, Academies of Sciences continue to be important players in research.

Decolonising Local Knowledge – Arhuaco Filmmaking as a Form of Cultural Opposition

Can filmmaking as a form of intercultural communication serve as an apparatus for selfidentification and cultural opposition to established North/West knowledge pro- duction hubs? Based on extensive fieldwork in the Sierra Nevada and detailed analysis of the Arhucao films and their production and distribution strategies, this article explores the possibility of utilising film and audio-visual communication as a way to decolonise local knowledge. Following decades of persecutions, hostility, illtreatment and cultural violence, the work of Zhigoneshi (and, later, Yosokwi) communication col- lectives not only helped to nourish the cultural identity of the indigenous communities of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, but it also turned them into proud ambassadors of indigenous values on the international level. Prolific in their internal and external com- munication practices, they regained agency as full participants of intercultural dialogue, which focuses on the importance of the inclusion, diversity and dewesternisation of local knowledge. While acknowledging its own limitations and the author’s inevitable positionality, this article also reflects on further steps that the European and Western collaborators and institutions need to take to accomplish the vision of decolonisation. It concludes with acknowledging the work of the Arhuaco filmmakers and their allies in providing an invaluable contribution to strengthen this discussion and enable the shift towards a more all-embracing pattern of knowledge production and dissemina- tion based on quality and importance and less so on stereotypical preconceptions and geographical location.

The elusive Malayan tiger ‘captured’: A systematic review of research on educational leadership and management in Malaysia

Substantial progress has been made in the knowledge base of educational leadership and management (EDLM) in societies across the world. However, the evidence base in developing countries such as Malaysia remains limited. Thus, this article reports the results of a systematic review of research on EDLM in Malaysia. The review aimed at describing key features of the Malaysian knowledge base in EDLM with respect to publication volume, journal outlets, types of papers published, distribution of knowledge production across its states and key scholars, and the composition of research topics, methods, and maturity of its knowledge production. The review database encompassed 328 journal articles in English and Malay language published on EDLM in Malaysia. Systematic methods were applied in the identification of sources and data extraction from the journal articles. Data analysis relied primarily on quantitative methods for data interpretation to reveal the variability in patterns of knowledge production in Malaysia EDLM. The review found that the Malaysian literature in EDLM is largely contemporary; however, it is an ‘immature but emerging literature’ which bears similarities to literatures in other developing societies in Asia. Recommendations are made for topics, methods and other areas where capacity development is warranted.

Gender in sustainability research: Inclusion, intersectionality, and patterns of knowledge production

AbstractThis cross‐disciplinary study examines gender inclusion and intersectionality in the knowledge production of sustainability research. Building on studies of gender inclusion as essential for quality research, we develop a three‐step framework that analyzes the socio‐demographic profile of researchers (sustainability by whom?), key research trajectories (sustainability of what?), and beneficiaries of sustainability research (sustainability for whom?). Our methods include a survey and a bibliometric analysis. The survey was administered at the joint conference of the International Society for Industrial Ecology and the International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology in 2017. The survey results show gendered differences in collaboration patterns. The survey results also indicated a good level of gender inclusion among the experts in this field, but the bibliometric analysis showed that gender issues remain marginal in the studies of industrial ecology. In contrast to industrial ecology, we found increasing attention to gender in other areas of sustainability research (climate change, corporate social responsibility, food production, resource management, energy policy, and environmental behavior and education), but even there, “gender” tends to be equated with “women” in traditional gender roles, ignoring the role of intersectionality—the intersection of gender with income, age, and other demographic characteristics. Therefore, this study makes recommendations to approach gender critically, by using theoretical lenses from gender studies scholarship (i.e., gender as a constructed, intersectional, dynamic category). We show how these lenses enable better assessments of the environmental impacts of industrial processes on people of diverse backgrounds in the context of changing patterns of work and consumption.

Transdisciplinary knowledge production in mainstream journals: from the perspective of the participation of social actors in Mexico

Contemporary scientific production can no longer be explained with traditional actors and procedures. We conducted a transdisciplinary bibliometric study to identify and analyze the participation of social actors in the publications in mainstream journals with a Mexican affiliation during 2015, in the Web of Science. 22,331 articles were obtained with at least one Mexican authorship. More than one hundred different social actors were identified, grouped into 49 categories. The actors were segmented into (1) academic actors (79.15%), affiliated to universities and research centers; and (2) non-academic actors (20.85%), who do not have knowledge production within their main activities. Academic actors have greater participation in the fields of life sciences, engineering, and physical sciences, while non-academics affect the field of health and life sciences. Mexico City contains the most significant number of affiliations (41.87%), which a high academic contribution (65.21%). Most of this production corresponds to articles (72.56%) written in English (81.94%) and published in scientific journals located in the first two JCR quartiles (57.85%). The results show differences when comparing academic and non-academic actors. We conclude that the participation of a broad group of social actors with different patterns of knowledge production has been identified with empirical evidence.

Pattern and trend of scientific knowledge production in North Korea by a semantic network analysis of papers in journal titled technological innovation

This study aims to examine current trends and patterns of North Korea’s knowledge production in science and technology (S&T) by employing scientometrics analysis. In order to capture the distinctive nature and characteristics of S&T activities in the Global South, this study analyzes co-occurring keywords of papers in the North Korean journal titled Technological Innovation to construct and visualize semantic and network structure of scientific knowledge. Although S&T has long been emphasized as an important means of rebuilding the economy and society in the country, research and development (R&D) activities have been veiled in the shadows, mainly due to difficulties in accessing adequate data and information. The results found that the terms “use” and “method” are predominately associated with a variety of keywords concerning urgent domestic issues regarding energy resources, agriculture, virus, and industrial automation. This pattern of knowledge production is manifested in the national S&T policy framework that has primarily focused on applied and problem-solving knowledge and techniques responding to social and economic needs. While North Korea has embraced S&T as a strategic means to cope with challenges encountered in its autarkic economy, a close and interactive relationship has established between science, technology and society.

Undoing the Discipline: History in the Time of Climate Crisis and COVID-19

COVID-19 gives a fresh urgency to research trajectories around climate and environment in historical research. We use examples from African, Japanese, and medieval European environmental history to chart new ways to mobilise collaborative research into the planetary past in academic and public discussions. Our main points are, first, that COVID-19 has underlined the entanglements between human and planetary life, which historians must better account for. Secondly, it is pertinent to decentre knowledge production. COVID-19 and climate crisis are both global phenomena. Yet patterns of knowledge production that propose ‘universal’ frameworks and solutions obscure highly unequal power relations. We call for more plural histories - in time, space, and species - to confront the complex crises of our times.

Electromobility research in Germany and China: structural differences

Electromobility (e-mobility) is applicable to issues from sustainable transportation to revolutionary driving behaviour. The wide-ranging influence of this concept calls for a shift toward an internationalization of e-mobility research in developed and developing countries alike. Germany and China, as the major exporters and volume producers in the automotive industry, have established the goal of becoming market leaders in e-mobility by 2020. Compared to China, Germany, as a forerunner in the field of e-mobility, is unexpectedly lagging behind in both the sale volume of electric vehicles (EVs) and the share of international publications. Since 2006, China has been the second largest single “producer” of EV-related published research, trailing only the United States. However, the technological capabilities—applying science to real-world issues—seem to be under-represented in these publications. This paper explores structural differences in e-mobility research landscapes and examines possible contextual explanations for the differences between Germany and China. The study involves a detailed comparison of articles sourced from the two countries, beginning with a broad overview of recent research and ending with a short content analysis of the statement concerning current progress and practical challenges for e-mobility development in Germany and China. The conclusion reached is that both countries have explored topics related to EV modes, batteries, energy management and the smart grid; however, specific terms of interest have evolved differently in the two countries. Compared with China, Germany has not achieved a rapid increase in the number of international publications but has still accumulated a vast reservoir of scientific talents and technological resources through the scientific collaboration between academia and industry. Universities, as the main loci of scientific research in China, have actively engaged in international cooperation, addressing problems with no apparent differences from those addressed in Germany. The authors’ views relative to the development of e-mobility in the two countries vary greatly from group to group, indicating that differences should be considered in both the pattern of knowledge production and the research context.

Reviving Indigenous Spaces: Echoes of a Native Spirit - An Interview with Leanne Betasamosake Simpson

Leanne Betasamosake Simpson is an indigenous (Missisuaga Nishnaabeg) writer, musician and academician. She is notable as the author of several books and papers on indigenous issues in Canada, and for her work with the 2012 'Idle No More' protests. Leanne released her first album of poetry and music called Islands of Decolonial Love in conjunction with a book of poetry and short stories of the same name in 2013 with ARP Books. She signed with RPM records, the first indigenous contemporary music label in June 2016, and her second album Flight released on September 30, 2016. Simpson is a member of Alderville First Nation. She writes about contemporary indigenous issues and realities, particularly from her own 'Anishinaabe' nation across a variety of genres. Simpson has collaborated with a variety of indigenous and non-indigenous musicians to record and perform stories as song. She regularly performs live with a core group of musicians consisting of Cris Derksen Nick Ferrio and Ansley Simpson. In this interview she talks about the importance of preserving and reviving indigenous geo-political spaces to decolonize the global contemporary patterns of knowledge production.

Systematic review of research on educational leadership and management in Latin America, 1991–2017

The purpose of this systematic review was to further our understanding of educational leadership and management (EDLM) knowledge production in Latin America. We conducted a “topographical review” of 48 articles from Latin America published in eight “core” EDLM journals published between 1991 and 2017. Data analysis focused on analyzing identified modal trends as well as highlighting variability in patterns of knowledge production. Notably, 75% of the studies had been published in the past 10 years, and 56% in the past five years. Geographic coverage was highly uneven across Latin America. While there were 19 articles from Chile, numerous Latin American societies were unrepresented in the database. Almost 80% of the corpus consisted of empirical studies and topical foci were highly diverse. Comparison of these results with findings reported in recent reviews of EDLM research from other developing societies yielded recommendations for enhancing research capacity and output in Latin America. A key limitation of the review was its exclusion of local language sources. This led to the further recommendation for Latin American scholars to undertake broader multi-language reviews of the EDLM knowledge base in Latin America.

Uneven Geographies of User-Generated Information: Patterns of Increasing Informational Poverty

Geographies of codified knowledge have always been characterized by stark core–periphery patterns, with some parts of the world at the center of global voice and representation and many others invisible or unheard. Many have pointed to the potential for radical change, however, as digital divides are bridged and 2.5 billion people are now online. With a focus on Wikipedia, which is one of the world's most visible, most used, and most powerful repositories of user-generated content, we investigate whether we are now seeing fundamentally different patterns of knowledge production. Even though Wikipedia consists of a massive cloud of geographic information about millions of events and places around the globe put together by millions of hours of human labor, the encyclopedia remains characterized by uneven and clustered geographies: There is simply not a lot of content about much of the world. The article then moves to describe the factors that explain these patterns, showing that although just a few conditions can explain much of the variance in geographies of information, some parts of the world remain well below their expected values. These findings indicate that better connectivity is only a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the presence of volunteered geographic information about a place. We conclude by discussing the remaining social, economic, political, regulatory, and infrastructural barriers that continue to disadvantage many of the world's informational peripheries. The article ultimately shows that, despite many hopes that a democratization of connectivity will spur a concomitant democratization of information production, Internet connectivity is not a panacea and can only ever be one part of a broader strategy to deepen the informational layers of places.

Thinking beyond Aristotle: The Turn to How in Comparative Rhetoric

Any modest attempt in comparative rhetoric to think beyond aristotle and beyond a single culture is enough to reveal Diversity in the use of language to converse, to instruct, and to persuade and in the concepts and theories developed to inform language practices. Since the publication, in 1971, of Robert Oliver'sCommunication and Culture in Ancient India and China, one of the early studies that recognized the need for and benefits of studying non-Euro-American rhetorics, comparative rhetoric has made significant advances as interest in moving beyond Euro-American-centrism in studies of rhetoric steadily grows. Comparative rhetoric, committed to different ways of knowing and speaking and to different forms of inquiry, investigates across time and space communicative practices that frequently originate in noncanonical contexts and are often marginalized, forgotten, or erased altogether. Acting in response to globalization, comparative rhetoric aims to transform dominant rhetorical traditions and paradigms. As an interdisciplinary enterprise, it intersects with cognate studies and theories to challenge the prevailing power imbalances and patterns of knowledge production.

Accelerating knowledge production on educational leadership and management in East Asia: a strategic analysis

This paper discusses a strategy for accelerating the development of a regionally grounded knowledge base on educational leadership and management in East Asia. The study reviews data on patterns of knowledge production in East Asia, and employs the findings in the development of a strategy for increasing knowledge production. The study concludes that a suitable coordination strategy for the region should incorporate formal and informal strategies, be intermediate in scale and organised around a common research agenda. The authors propose that the substantive findings and the method of strategy analysis may also be relevant for academic leaders in other developing regions of the world.

Government-sponsored university-industry collaboration and the production of nanotechnology patents in US universities

This paper investigates the effectiveness of university research centers as a Science and Technology policy mechanism. Using the case of nanotechnology, it assesses if establishing dedicated research centers at universities influences their patterns of knowledge production, and specifically the production of commercially relevant nano-knowledge. Based on bibliometric data on patents and publications for a panel of the top patenting US universities (n = 82), the study finds that nano-centers positively impact nano-patent production at universities. Policy and theoretical implications are discussed.

Deconstructing research: paradigms lost

In recent decades, proponents of naturalistic and/or critical modes of inquiry advocating the use of ethnographic techniques for the narrative‐based study of phenomena within pedagogical contexts have challenged the central methodological paradigm of educational research: that is, the tendency among its practitioners to adhere to quantitative forms of analysis. The innovativeness of ‘qualitative methodologies’ has succeeded in calling for a reevaluation of traditional solutions to educational research problems within the dominant paradigm. The concept of paradigm was introduced as a gesture to illuminate the historicity of science as loosely configured sets of ever changing assumptions with respect to our understandings of the world. What it did was to account for the proliferation of emergent patterns of knowledge production and disciplinary agendas that serve to convene actual research praxis in the sciences. But it also entrenched a certain incommensurability of intents and purposes, not to mention epistemological and methodological constraints that created disciplinary divisions. The engendering logic of such a paradigmatic conception of research sets up divisions according to a methodological basis for confirming knowledge claims as the products of a science. Post‐structuralism, as a theoretical movement framed after the work of Jacques Derrida, transformed the discourse of the debate over the paradigmatic nature of educational research science. It enabled a displacement of the almost undisputed primacy of quantitative methodologies by qualitative forms of analysis. The implications of arguments for and against qualitative inquiry as a valid and reliable means for conducting pedagogical research will be addressed in relation to the work of Derrida through a discussion of: (1) epistemological questions about the nature of ontology; (2) theoretical questions concerning the knowledge of sense perception; and (3) methodological questions regarding the scientific truth‐effect of procedure.

Patterns of knowledge production: The case of information and telecommunication sector in Korea

In recent years, the topic of knowledge production has been widely investigated in the advanced countries. However, the process by which knowledge is produced in the developing countries has not been fully explored or characterized. In Korea, the science and engineering fields strongly reflect systems of knowledge production in the universities and demonstrate the dynamics of systems of innovation for knowledge production. Through using a case study including data for knowledge production, in the field of information and telecommunication, the following general trends were observed. Firstly, there has been a trend towards increasing the capabilities for knowledge production, via domestic and foreign collaboration. Secondly, there has been an increasing trend towards the diversification of knowledge sources such as university-industry, and university-public research institutes. Finally, the establishment of a nation's knowledge base is influenced by governmental research and development policies.

Foreign Language Skills as a Scholarly Tool*

T HE Ph.D. foreign language requirement has long been a subject of controversy in American graduate education. The requirement-traditionally a reading knowledge of two foreign languages-has usually been justified on professional and cultural grounds: that foreign language competence is an essential tool for every scholar and that such competence is an essential attribute of the cultured, welleducated man that a Ph.D. degree connotes. But the requirement has been attacked on these same grounds, and the assaults upon it have been increasing in intensity over the past several decades. Rapid changes in the pattern of knowledge production raise new questions regarding the professional justification; and shifts in attitudes toward the meaning of the Ph.D. raise new questions regarding the cultural justification. While the pros and cons receive considerable discussion, th6 amount and quality of empirical evidence needed to assess the extent to which