Energy Drink Consumption Patterns Research Articles

Consumption of Energy Drinks in Medical Students of Nowsera Medical College

Background: Young adults use energy drinks that have high caffeine levels. Higher consumption will increase health risk. Effects of different ingredients on health need to be investigated. Consumption of energy drinks has become popular in students but there has been little research regarding energy drink consumption patterns in college students in Pakistan. Aim: To determine energy drink consumption patterns in college students, prevalence and frequency of energy drink use and the perception of students about benefits and hazards of energy drinks consumption. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on total of 180 medical students of Nowshera from all years of medical course from Jan 2019 to Dec 2019. 180 medical students were selected through convenient sampling technique. After obtaining verbal consent the data were collected using a self-administered, closed ended questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: Frequency of energy drinks consumption was found to be 110(61.1%) in a sample of 180 medical students of MBBS. Sting was the most common brand consumed 73.33% consumed by them. The major reasons reported for its usage were to gain/replenish energy and boost stamina by 46(29.8%), and studying for examination by 25(16.2%). Advertisement 24(15.5%) was reported as the major source of information followed by friends 47(30.5%). Significant differences were found between usage of energy drinks with gender (<0.001), i.e., 79(71.8%) males and 31(28.2%) females. Conclusion: Consumption of energy drinks, despite the variation in the reason for choosing such drinks, is quite common in college students. Consumption rate was high in male gender (63.9%). The main reasons for consumption were to gain/replenish and boost energy and to increase the concentration in studies. A greater percentage (54.6%) of the students were aware of the adverse effects of energy drinks consumption. Keywords: Energy drinks, Health risk, Consumption, Energy, Socioeconomic status

Energy Drink Consumption and Increased Risk of Smoking and Alcohol and Sweetened Beverages Use among University Students

Objective: Energy drink consumption has been increasing among youth. In this study, we aimed to examine the patterns of energy drink consumption and their relationships with the use of sweetened beverages such as soda and packaged fruit juice as well as alcohol consumption and smoking among college students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study in which data were collected during the 2018-2019 academic year for 9 months from October to July. Our sample was a random selection of 373 students attending Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. We used logistic regression analysis, chi-square, and independent t-tests for data analysis. Results: Overall, 31.6% of men and 27% of women had consumed energy drinks. Men consumed energy drinks 1.3 times more than women did. Preferring the taste was the most frequent reason (30.8%) for energy drink consumption. Having energy drinks was associated with consumption of sweetened beverages and alcohol (p < .001). The mean consumption of sweetened beverages and alcoholic drinks, and smoking was significantly higher among men than women (p < .05). Conclusion: A sizable percentage of students consumed energy drinks because of the taste. This indicates that they should be informed about the harmful ingredients in these drinks.

Consumption Patterns of Energy Drinks in Adolescents and Their Effects on Behavior and Mental Health: A Systematic Review.

The aim of the current review was to analyze primary studies about energy drink consumption patterns in adolescents and their relationship with mental health. PubMed, PLOS ONE, PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect databases were searched to identify articles related to adverse effects of energy drinks in adolescents and young adults aged 11 to 18 years. Psychological and behavioral measures were based on validated screening tools used in various contexts, and bias was detected in energy drink consumption patterns. In regard to sex, boys consumed more energy drinks than girls, and a strong, positive association was reported between consumption and probability of risky behaviors; tendency for anxiety, depression, and impulsivity; poor academic performance; and sleep disturbances. A progressive increase in consumption was also noted of 25% to 75% within 5 years. Findings suggest that standardized consumption pattern assessment be included in evaluations of mental health to determine potential causal relationships. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60(2), 41-47.].

A Survey of Energy Drink Consumption and Associated Adverse Effects in Air Force Personnel.

Energy drinks are an increasingly utilized beverage and are gaining popularity in recent years. The U.S. Air Force (USAF) represents a unique population where energy drink consumption may be higher than the general population. To better understand the safety and health impact of energy drinks, this large-scale comprehensive survey was conducted to study energy drink consumption patterns and its associated adverse effects. A survey was conducted across 12 USAF installations to assess self-reported energy drink consumption and adverse effects in the military population. This study was approved by the David Grant USAF Medical Center Institutional Review Board. A total of 9,655 participants participated in the survey. Energy drink consumption was reported in 76.7% of the participants, with 12.0% consuming ≥1 energy drink per day. Male gender, younger age, and enlisted military members are more likely to be high consumers; 58.6% of participants reported having at least once tried a premixed beverage that combines alcohol, caffeine, and other stimulants. Among energy drink users, 60.0% reported experiencing ≥1 adverse effect, and 0.92% reported needing to see a physician or going to the emergency department because of adverse effects from energy drinks. Higher energy drink or premixed combination beverage consumption frequency was associated with increased likelihood of physician or emergency department visits (P ≤ 0.002 for both). Approximately three in four USAF members reported ever consuming an energy drink. Caution should be exercised on the amount of energy drink consumed to limit the risk of serious adverse effects. Future studies should identify populations at greatest risk for adverse effects and alternative sources of energy maintenance to attain optimal mission readiness.

Sociodemographic differences, prevalence, and patterns of energy drink consumption among Jazan university students, Saudi Arabia

Energy drinks are beverages containing a high amount of caffeine and other substances. Studies on the side effects of energy drink consumption among college students in Saudi Arabia are limited. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the consumption patterns and effects of energy drinks among college students. The study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire about sociodemographic differences, prevalence, and patterns of energy drink consumption. A total of 458 stude

Stavovi studentske populacije o upotrebi energetskih napitaka i njihovom uticaju na organizam

In recent years, studies have often been devoted to the frequent on frequency , motives and consequences of consuming energy drinks by the student population at universities. These studies have been common in many countries. The aim of this study was to identify the patterns of energy drink consumption among college students of the Serbian University of Belgrade and to understand the attitudes, motives and consequences of consuming these beverages. The result of this study indicates that energy drink consumption is a common practice among Serbian university students (72.0% use energy drinks and 1.1% consume them regularly). Out of the total number of surveyed students 12.9% consumed energy drinks with alcohol. The most frequent negative effects in students who had used energy drinks were: weight gain (24.2%), headaches (2.6%), thirst (18.9%) and hunger (11.6%). Many of the students surveyed (62.0%) cited that their main motive for using energy drinks was improving their academic capabilities, commonly used as a way to study longer and improve mental focus. But, 10.5% of the surveyed students felt the effect of increased concentration after using energy drinks. This indicated the students' confusion and disagreement between their motives for using energy drinks and the effects achieved. A large number of surveyed students (85.3%) did not check the composition of energy drinks before consumption. The results show that students need education in this regard. This research is part of a study called "Attitudes and Behavior of Students in relation to Food and Nutrition" and is a form of preventive action to combat the widespread use of energy drinks in the student population.

Determinants of energy drink consumption in adolescents: identification of sex-specific patterns

ObjectivesTo investigate sex differences in sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of frequent energy drink (ED) consumption in adolescents. Study designThis study was based on data collected among French-speaking Belgian adolescents aged 11–20 years (n = 8137) within the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. MethodsMultiple logistic analyses stratified by sex were performed to estimate the associations between consuming EDs more than once a week, and various sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. ResultsOverall, 14.0% of boys and 7.6% of girls consumed ED more than once a week. For both genders, the likelihood of consuming ED more than once a week was higher among adolescents consuming soft drinks daily (vs. < daily), alcohol weekly (vs. < weekly), spending at least 5 h/day in front of screens (vs. < 5 h/day), and going to bed later than 11:30 PM (vs. ≤ 10:00 PM). Among boys, adolescents reporting at least 1 h of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily (vs. < 1 h/day MVPA) were more likely to consume ED more than once a week (adjusted odd ratio (aOR) = 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–2.01)). Among girls, adolescents from low affluence families (vs. high affluence) (aOR = 2.03 (95% CI 1.19–3.48)) and immigrants (vs. natives) (2nd generation: aOR = 1.75 (95% CI 1.31–2.32); 1st generation: aOR = 1.90 (95% CI 1.20–3.03)) were more likely to consume ED more than once a week. ConclusionsWe identified different patterns of ED consumption in boys and girls. These results suggest that sex-tailored interventions could be relevant to reduce ED consumption in adolescents.

Prevalence and Perceived benefits of energy drink Consumption in medical students

Background: To assess the energy drink consumption patterns and perceived risks and benefits among medical students. The present study was carried out on 332 medical students from Foundation University Medical College. All the students enrolled in foundation university medical college were invited to participate. 332 students, who gave their consent were enrolled in the study. Data was collected by distributing a preformed structured questionnaire among medical students present in their classes. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 17. Results: Out of 332 students 307 (92.5%) said that they were familiar with energy drinks whereas 212 (63.9%) admitted to consuming energy drinks. sting and the red bull came out to be the most popular brands. 78 (36.7%) students said mental awareness to be the main motivator for energy drink consumption. The majority (94.3%) of the study population were aware of the untoward effects of energy drinks experienced. The most common of them was insomnia, students (49.05%) experienced it. 91 (42.92%) of the students said that their parents don’t object to their taking of these drinks. Conclusion: Although the consumption of energy drinks was common among medical students, the knowledge of ingredients and health risks of energy drinks among them was unsatisfactory. Keywords: Energy drink, Medical students, Caffeine, Frequency of consumption.

Patterns of daily energy drink consumption differ by gender among Belgian adolescents

AbstractOver the past decade, energy drinks (ED) have become increasingly popular among adolescents. Due to their high content in caffeine, sugar and other energy-promoting components, frequent ED consumption may have adverse health effects, like cardiovascular symptoms, sleep impairment, and nervousness. Previous studies have shown that ED consumption was more frequent among males. To extend this knowledge, our analysis examined how sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of frequent ED consumption may differ by gender among Belgian adolescents. This study was based on data self-reported by 9,119 12–19 year-old French-speaking Belgian adolescents in secondary school, within the 2014 cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey. Pupils reporting they usually consumed ED once a day or more were considered as “high ED consumers”. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were described in relation to ED consumption, for boys and girls separately. We used multiple logistic regression models, stratified by gender, to assess the associations between the sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, with high ED consumption. Daily ED consumption was reported by 7.9% of boys and 4.6% of girls. In both genders, the proportion of high ED consumers was significantly higher among adolescents of grades 1–3, those of lower family affluence, in first- and second-generation immigrants, those watching TV more than 6 hours/day, those reporting later bedtimes, and those consuming soft drinks daily. In girls only, higher percentages were observed in girls from single- (7.6%) or blended-families (5.2%), than in girls from two-parent families (3.5%). In boys only, this percentage was higher among adolescents meeting physical activity recommendations (14.5% vs 6.5%). Multivariate analyses showed that high ED consumption was associated with lower grades, long screen time, later bedtimes, and daily soft drink consumption in both genders. In girls only, adolescents from single-parent families were more likely to consume ED daily (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.23–2.37) (vs. two-parent families). In boys only, first-generation immigrants (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.06–2.21) (vs. natives) and youth sufficiently physically active (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.65–2.90) were more likely to consume ED daily. High ED consumption was more frequent among boys and showed gender-specific patterns, with associations with family structure in girls only, and with migration status and physical activity in boys only. Our findings provide evidence about patterns of high ED consumption among adolescents and should be used to inform the development of prevention strategies.

Relationship Between Energy Drink Consumption and Daily Hassles Among College Students

ABSTRACTBackground: College students report high levels of stress, which may be exacerbated by the psychoactive ingredients in energy drinks. Little is understood about the relationship between daily hassles and energy drink consumption. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between energy drink consumption patterns and daily hassles among college students. Methods: College students (n = 449) completed an online survey evaluating energy drink consumption and daily hassles using the Revised University Student Hassles Scale (RUSHS). Results: The most common reasons reported for consuming energy drinks were lack of energy (90.3%), lack of sleep (87.0%), and feeling tired (85.4%). No significant differences in daily hassles were found between energy drink consumers and nonconsumers. Energy drink consumption and daily hassles subscores varied based on demographic characteristics. Discussion: Results of this study did not support a relationship between energy drink consumption and perceived daily hassles. Further research is needed to understand the potential association between energy drink consumption and other determinants of mental health. Translation to Health Education Practice: Health Education interventions should rectify misperceptions that energy drinks are effective when students miss sleep, need energy, and need to study for exams.

Associations Between Korean Adolescents' Energy Drink Consumption and Suicidal Ideation and Attempts

This study examined associations between caffeinated energy drink consumption patterns and (1) participant characteristics and health-risk behaviors and (2) suicidal ideation and attempts in Korean adolescents. Participants included 8961 adolescents who consumed the drinks more than once weekly. Data were analyzed via logistic regression. Rates of suicidal ideation and attempts in participants who consumed the drinks more than once daily were higher relative to those for participants who consumed the drinks 3-6 and 1-2 times weekly. Further research is required to establish causality in these relationships.

A Survey of Energy Drink Consumption Patterns Among College Students at a Mostly Hispanic University.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine energy drink (ED) consumption patterns among Hispanic college students. We measured the prevalence and frequency of ED consumption according to gender, degree programs, and specific university-related and social situations. In addition, we assessed the frequency of consumption of EDs mixed with alcoholic beverages. Methods: A total of 508 college students from the University of Puerto Rico, the largest Hispanic institution of higher education statewide, completed an online questionnaire. Results: Twenty-one percent of participants reported consuming EDs with the majority consuming EDs either occasionally (every 2-3 months) or at least once or twice a month. Men were found to be more likely to consume EDs than women. Undergraduate students were found less likely to consume EDs than graduate students. Most students consumed EDs while studying and during social activities. More than one-third of participants that consume EDs admitted mixing them with an alcoholic beverage. Graduate students were found to consume EDs mixed with alcohol more often. Conclusions: The majority of students consumed EDs occasionally and while studying. Most side effects reported after consuming EDs were similar to previous findings. The higher consumption of EDs and of EDs mixed with alcohol by students in graduate programs could be explained by a higher and more complex study load requiring longer periods of wakefulness and concentration. Future studies looking at the consumption patterns of EDs in more competitive graduate programs such as medical and/or dentistry school should be considered.

Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people: a rapid review examining evidence of physical effects and consumer attitudes

ObjectiveTo examine patterns of energy drink consumption by children and young people, attitudes towards these drinks, and any associations with health or other outcomes.DesignRapid evidence assessment and narrative synthesis.Data sources9...

Energy drink use is associated with alcohol and substance use in eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders.

The increasing prevalence of energy drink (ED) use and its link with negative behaviors and adverse health outcomes has garnered much attention. Use of EDs combined with alcohol among college students has been of particular interest. It is unclear if these relationships develop in the context of college, or if similar associations exist in younger individuals. The present study examined associations between ED consumption patterns and other substance use in an adolescent, school-based sample. Participants were N = 3743 students attending 8th, 10th or 12th grade in a suburban central Virginia public school system who completed a prevention needs assessment survey in 2012. Chi-square analyses and logistic regressions were used to compare rates of alcohol, tobacco and other drug use across three ED use groups: moderate/heavy (12.6%), light (30.5%), and non-users (57%). Over 40% of the sample reported recent (past month) ED use, with males more likely to report moderate/heavy ED use than females (14.0% and 11.1%, respectively; p = 0.02). After adjusting for gender and grade, ED use group predicted lifetime alcohol, tobacco and other drug use (all p < 0.001). Moderate/heavy ED users were most likely and ED non-users were least likely to report using each of the 13 substances in the survey, with light ED users intermediate to the other two groups. Moderate/heavy ED users were consistently most likely to report licit and illicit substance use. Additional research is needed to better understand which adolescents are at greatest risk for adverse health behaviors associated with ED use.

Energy drinks in the Gulf Cooperation Council states: A review.

Energy drinks have become a popular beverage worldwide. This review was carried out to have an overview among adolescents and emerging adults in the Gulf Co-operation Council states about energy drinks consumption rates and other related issues such as starting age and patterns of energy drink consumption.The Medline and Embase databases were searched separately using different terms such as energy drinks, energy beverages, and caffeinated drinks. Data related to the rates of energy drinks use were entered in STATA for statistical analysis. Then, these data were used to conduct meta-analysis to estimate the rate of energy drink consumption. Overall, meta-analysis results showed that the estimated rates of energy drinks consumption is 46.9% (95% CIs, 33.2 −66.1; nine studies) with I-square 3.7%. Findings indicated that individuals start to consume energy drinks at approximately 16 years old, and males were found to consume energy drinks more frequently than females. Results from this review carry several recommendations for policy and enforcement, public education and research that can help policy and decision makers to achieve the goal of safer use of energy drinks.

A systematic review of the effects associated with children and young people's use of energy drinks

Background Growing numbers of children and young people report regular consumption of energy drinks (such as Red Bull), which typically contain high levels of sugar and caffeine in combination with other stimulants. There is emerging evidence of harmful physiological and psychological effects in adults, but little is known about the risks to children. This study set out to examine patterns of energy drink consumption by under 18 …

PP63 Consumption of commercial energy drinks by children and adolescents: a systematic review of consumer attitudes and associations with health, behavioural, educational and social outcomes

Background Energy drinks are non-alcoholic beverages that typically contain high levels of caffeine and sugar in combination with other stimulants. Growing numbers of young people report regular consumption of these drinks, which may lead to caffeine intoxication, sleep disruption, and hyperactivity. There are also likely health implications associated with excessive sugar intake, such as dental erosion and type 2 diabetes. This review set out to examine patterns of energy drink consumption by children and adolescents and any evidence of adverse effects. Methods A systematic review was conducted, employing an inclusive approach to identify quantitative and qualitative studies investigating the use of energy drinks by children and adolescents. Data sources included nine bibliographic databases, reference lists of relevant studies, and searches of the internet via Google. Two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of the studies and abstracted data. Due to the heterogeneity of study designs, contexts and outcomes, the data have been descriptively summarised in a narrative synthesis. Results A total of 262 studies were located, with 37 meeting the inclusion criteria – 31 quantitative studies, four qualitative studies, and two literature reviews. The majority (n = 29) involved subjects aged 11–18 years, although analyses of poison centre data tended to include broader populations. Studies were largely conducted in North America (n = 18) or Europe (n = 10), yet all of the qualitative studies were from Australia or New Zealand. None of the included studies were from the UK. Two-thirds (n = 24) were cross-sectional surveys exploring i) consumption patterns, attitudes and reasons for energy drink use, or ii) associations with health-related behaviours or effects, including susceptibility to smoking and drug use, sleep problems, and diminished executive functions. A number of key themes emerged from the qualitative studies: the role of branding and advertising; taste as a motivating factor; peer influence; and perceived physiological effects, both negative and positive. Conclusion Energy drinks have no known therapeutic benefit and the evidence suggests that they may put some children at risk of adverse health effects. However, taste and youth-aimed marketing combine to ensure their popularity with young consumers. More research is needed to explore the short- and long-term effects of energy drink consumption by children and adolescents.

Energy drink consumption patterns and associated factors among nursing students: a descriptive survey study.

This study was conducted to examine energy drink consumption patterns among nursing students and to identify related factors that may influence those students' intake levels. The subjects were nursing students from seven universities located in the Chungcheong Province of Korea. A total of 1,620 questionnaires were used for analysis. Of the 1,620 nursing students, 1,265 students (78.1%) reported having consumed energy drinks. The average amount of energy drink consumption among the nursing students when studying for their most recent midterm examination was 1.63 ± 2.64 cans per week, and the number of energy drink cans drunk during that time spanned 1-30 per week. The major reason given for energy drink intake was combating fatigue. Eleven percent of the participants always checked ingredient levels. Mixing energy drinks with alcohol was not a popular choice. The side effect most reported by nursing students was that of palpitations (27.8%). Factors affecting energy drink intake included gender and monthly allowance amounts. Many nursing students in this study had tried energy drinks, with some of them reporting the use of excessive amounts. Gender and monthly allowance amounts were affecting factors of energy drink intake. Precise labeling that includes all ingredients and their amounts is necessary to prevent future health problems. Nursing students' education should include an overview of energy drinks and their drawbacks as part of their nutrition or health education coursework.

P.6.b.013 Alcohol, coffee and energy drink consumption patterns in a sample of Italian adolescents and young adults

With Singapore's rapidly ageing population, it is prudent to acquire a better understanding towards the influence of densely inhabited neighbourhoods on mobility and walking duration as experienced by the elderly. The factors, “road crossing delay”,“recreational facilities (social interaction area)”, “cycle”, “exercise”, “medical” and “working” were found to be significantly associated with elderly walking duration at 90% confidence level. Longer elderly walking duration (per week) was associated with whether the elderly is working and the elderly's perceived availability of social interaction areas and shops. This study also reveals how their typically short travel distances point to an importance of the immediate neighbourhood safety and accessibility of elderly living in Singapore, and elderly fallers who sustained lower mobility level(s) and walking duration. Besides developing policies aimed at bettering the health of senior citizens, the findings act as good advice for local authorities in prioritising neighbourhood enhancement schemes.

Consumption of energy drinks among lebanese youth: a pilot study on the prevalence and side effects.

Background:The new millennium has been together with a variety of synthetic and caffeinated high-energy drinks targeting the youth market. Energy drinks raise the level of energy and their consumption has been increased significantly worldwide.Objectives:This research aimed to determine patterns of energy drink consumption and to assess the prevalence of adverse side effects among energy drink users.Patients and Methods:A pilot cross-sectional study survey was undertaken on students aged between 13 and 30 years in private and public schools and universities in Lebanon over 5 months. A self-administered questionnaire was used inquiring about sociodemographic characteristics, consumption patterns, attitudes and beliefs about energy drinks. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Data was analyzed using SPSS 17.Results:We studied 1500 students (mean age: 18.92 ± 1.85; 51.3% were males). The overall prevalence of energy drinks consumption was 63.6% (60.5% were males), among which 50.5% used alcoholic energy drinks. Respondents indicated that most consumed energy drinks were “Red Bull” and “Boom Boom” (70.9% and 51.5% respectively). In total, 64.5% of participants believed the effect of these drinks in energizing the body, and 72.7% believed that they can stimulate intellectual capacities. In addition, 29.6% of consumers experienced at least one adverse effect, where tachycardia was reported in 21.1% of cases. On the other hand, desired effects felt after consumption were mostly pleasure (33.8%). Males had a 3-time more risk of consuming such drinks compared to females (OR: 0.381, P < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.300-0.484). Additionally, this analysis demonstrated a significant association between energy drinks consumption and regions outside Beirut (OR: 1.401, P: 0.006; 95% CI: 1.103-1.781), medical field of work (OR: 0.376, P: 0.010; 95% CI: 0.179-0.790) and higher personal income (OR: 1.317, P < 0.001; 95% CI: 1.117-1.553).Conclusions:This study showed a high prevalence of energy drinks consumption among youth. The current results highlight the importance of education to prevent the consumption of energy drinks in excessive quantities and modifying some wrong perceptions regarding the benefits of energy drinks in youth.