Abstract
The increasing prevalence of energy drink (ED) use and its link with negative behaviors and adverse health outcomes has garnered much attention. Use of EDs combined with alcohol among college students has been of particular interest. It is unclear if these relationships develop in the context of college, or if similar associations exist in younger individuals. The present study examined associations between ED consumption patterns and other substance use in an adolescent, school-based sample. Participants were N = 3743 students attending 8th, 10th or 12th grade in a suburban central Virginia public school system who completed a prevention needs assessment survey in 2012. Chi-square analyses and logistic regressions were used to compare rates of alcohol, tobacco and other drug use across three ED use groups: moderate/heavy (12.6%), light (30.5%), and non-users (57%). Over 40% of the sample reported recent (past month) ED use, with males more likely to report moderate/heavy ED use than females (14.0% and 11.1%, respectively; p = 0.02). After adjusting for gender and grade, ED use group predicted lifetime alcohol, tobacco and other drug use (all p < 0.001). Moderate/heavy ED users were most likely and ED non-users were least likely to report using each of the 13 substances in the survey, with light ED users intermediate to the other two groups. Moderate/heavy ED users were consistently most likely to report licit and illicit substance use. Additional research is needed to better understand which adolescents are at greatest risk for adverse health behaviors associated with ED use.
Highlights
As the popularity of caffeinated energy drink (ED) use continues to increase, so do concerns about possible adverse effects
ED use has been linked to heavier drinking, use of illicit and prescription drugs and other risk behaviors (e.g., Arria et al, 2011)
We hypothesized that rates of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use would be highest among the moderate/heavy ED users, followed by light ED users, and non-ED users
Summary
As the popularity of caffeinated energy drink (ED) use continues to increase, so do concerns about possible adverse effects. EDs are popular among college students, with about two-thirds (65.5%) reporting ED use (e.g., Arria et al, 2011). ED use has been linked to heavier drinking, use of illicit and prescription drugs and other risk behaviors (e.g., Arria et al, 2011). ED marketing efforts often focus on young people, and ED consumption has increased among adolescents (Harris and Munsell, 2015; Pennington et al, 2010), with 30 to 50% of teens reporting ED use (Seifert et al, 2011). We hypothesized that rates of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use would be highest among the moderate/heavy ED users, followed by light ED users, and non-ED users
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