Discrepant Patterns Research Articles

Informant discrepancy profiles of helicopter parenting and adult children's partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors.

Helicopter parenting is a distinctive, intrusive parenting approach characterized by high involvement, elements of control, and limited autonomy granted. It may impact adult children's engagement in partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors. However, little research has assessed the patterns of parent-child perception differences regarding helicopter parenting and their connections to these behaviors. This study aimed to identify profiles of informant discrepancies regarding helicopter parenting within Chinese families and explore their associations with adult children's partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors. Matched data from fathers, mothers, and adult children in one hundred and ninety-six intact families were included. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted, identifying four profiles: parents over child (13.78%), child moderately over mother and moderately under father (17.35%), no consistent disagreements (49.49%), and child over parents (19.39%). Children whose perceptions aligned with their parents reported fewer partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors, compared to those whose perceptions exceeded their parents'. Similarly, children whose perceptions were lower than their parents' also reported fewer partner-controlled behaviors compared to those with higher perceptions. The findings provide evidence for understanding dynamic patterns of informant discrepancies regarding helicopter parenting in Chinese families and support the development of family-based interventions to address partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors.

Accuracy of occlusal splints printed in different orientations by liquid crystal display technology: an in vitro study.

To evaluate the accuracy of occlusal splints printed in different orientations by liquid crystal display technology. An occlusal splint was digitally designed, and additive manufactured using an LCD printer (Phrozen Sonic 4k, Phrozen) at three orientations relative to the printer bed: 0, 45, and 70 degrees (n=10). The 3D-printed occlusal splints were digitised using a desktop scanner, resulting in experimental meshes. The meshes were analysed in a metrology software program, comparing the experimental ones with the initially designed occlusal splint (trueness) and each other within the same group (precision). The discrepancies were shown in a colour map and the root mean square indicated the magnitude of the total discrepancy between the meshes. Kruskal-Wallis test was used (α=0.05) followed by post-hoc Dunn's test. There was no statistical difference in trueness among the groups (P=0.086); however, splints printed at 70 degrees showed better precision compared to those printed at 0 (P<0.001) and 45 degrees (P<0.001). The splints printed at 0 and 45 degrees exhibited a similar discrepancy pattern, with higher values in the posterior segment-positive on the buccal surface and negative on the lingual surface of molars. In contrast, splints printed at 70 degrees had higher discrepancy values in both anterior and posterior segments, with an inverted pattern on molars. The accuracy of occlusal splints was affected by the different orientation in terms of precision, with 70 degrees resulted in highest precision compared to 0 and 45 degrees. No difference was found in terms of trueness. Higher discrepancies were found located in molars and incisal edge of anterior teeth. 3D-printing using LCD technology stands out for its affordability and good resolution, however the optimal printing angle remains unclear. Vertical positioning allows more objects to fit on the print bed, while horizontal positioning reduces print time. For DLP printers, a 0-degree angle provides good accuracy for occlusal splints, whereas a 90-degree angle results in lower accuracy. This study found that for LCD printers, 0, 45, and 70 degrees had similar trueness, with 70 degrees offering the highest precision. Thus, vertical positioning at 70 degrees can be a safe choice for the accuracy of occlusal splints printed on LCD technology.

Ablation of mitophagy receptor FUNDC1 accentuates septic cardiomyopathy through ACSL4-dependent regulation of ferroptosis and mitochondrial integrity

Sepsis evokes compromised myocardial function prompting heart failure albeit target therapy remains dismal. Our study examined the possible role of mitophagy receptor FUNDC1 in septic cardiomyopathy. A sepsis model was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in FUNDC1 knockout (FUNDC1−/−) and WT mice prior to the evaluation of cardiac morphology, echocardiographic and cardiomyocyte contractile, oxidative stress, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. RNAseq analysis depicted discrepant patterns in mitophagy, oxidative stress and ferroptosis between CLP-challenged and control murine hearts. Septic patients displayed cardiac injury alongside low plasma FUNDC1 and iron levels. CLP evoked interstitial fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction (lowered ejection fraction, fractional shortening, shortening/relengthening velocity, peak shortening and electrically-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ rise, alongside increased LV end systolic diameter and relengthening duration), O2− buildup, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis (downregulated GPX4 and SLC7A11), the responses of which were accentuated by FUNDC1 ablation. In particular, levels of lipid peroxidation enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) were upregulated following CLP procedure, with a more pronounced response in FUNDC1−/− mice. Co-immunoprecipitation and interaction interface revealed an evident interaction between FUNDC1 and ACSL4. In vitro studies revealed that the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide provoked cardiomyocyte contractile and lipid peroxidation anomalies, the responses were reversed by the mitophagy inducer oleanolic acid, inhibition of ACSL4 and ferroptosis. These findings favor a role for FUNDC1-ACSL4-ferroptosis cascade in septic cardiomyopathy.

Major Causes of Conflicting Interpretations of Variant Pathogenicity in Rare Disease: A Systematic Analysis.

The identification of the genetic causes of inherited disorders from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data remains a complicated process, in particular due to challenges in interpretation of the vast amount of generated data and hundreds of candidate variants identified. Inconsistencies in variant classification, where genetic centers classify the same variant differently, can hinder accurate diagnoses for rare diseases. Publicly available databases that collect data on human genetic variations and their association with diseases provide ample opportunities to discover conflicts in variant interpretation worldwide. In this study, we explored patterns of variant classification discrepancies using data from ClinVar, a public archive of variant interpretations. We found that 5.7% of variants have conflicting interpretations (COIs) reported, and the vast majority of interpretation conflicts arise for variants of uncertain significance (VUS). As many as 78% of clinically relevant genes harbor variants with COIs, and genes with high COI rates tended to have more exons and longer transcripts, with a greater proportion of genes linked to several distinct conditions. The enrichment analysis of COI-enriched genes revealed that the products of these genes are involved in cardiac disorders, muscle development, and function. To improve diagnoses, we believe that specific variant interpretation rules could be developed for such genes. Additionally, our findings underscore the need for the publication of variant pathogenicity evidence and the importance of considering every variant as VUS unless proven otherwise.

Accuracy of Complete-Arch Scans Obtained by Intraoral Scanner and Smartphone Three-Dimensional Scanning Applications With Different Smartphone Position Setups: An In Vitro Study.

The high cost of intraoral scanners (IOS) for complete-arch scans makes them less accessible for many dental practitioners. As a viable alternative, smartphone scanner applications (SMP) provide comparable scanning capabilities at a significantly low cost. However, there is limited data on the accuracy of SMP, especially when used in various smartphone positions. This study aimed to compare the three-dimensional (3D) and linear accuracy of complete-arch scans acquired by an IOSand SMP (KIRI Engine, KIRI Innovations, Guangdong, China) at three shooting angles (0°, 45°, and 90° for SMP_3A) and two shooting angles (30° and 60° for SMP_2A). A stone dental cast was scanned with a laboratory scanner as a reference, with 11 scans performed by an IOS, SMP_2A, and SMP_3A. In 3D analysis, trueness and precision were evaluated through superimposition with the reference scanand within each group, respectively, using the best-fit algorithm of Geomagic Wrap software (3D Systems, Inc., Rock Hill, SC). Trueness in linear discrepancy was assessed by comparing the occlusal-cervical and mesiodistal dimensions of reference teeth (canine, premolar, and molar), intercanine width, and intermolar width on the digital casts to measurements of the stone cast, while precision was measured using the coefficient of variance. Differences between groups were analyzed using the Friedman test, followed by the Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc test with a significance level set at 0.05. IOS exhibited significantly lower trueness than SMP_2A (p = 0.003) with significantly greater width discrepancies on canines (p = 0.001) and molars (p < 0.001). Discrepancy patterns differed among the three scanning methods. The IOS showedgreater discrepancieson the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth. While SMP_3A demonstrated higher variation on the palatal surfaces and interproximal areas of posterior teeth. For precision,SMP_3A (p = 0.028) and SMP_2A (p = 0.003) showed a significantly lower precision in 3D analysis, but a comparable reproducibility in linear measurement to IOS. TRIOS IOS (3Shape,Copenhagen, Denmark) exhibited lower trueness in 3D and linear accuracy analyses for complete-arch scans. The positions of the smartphonesignificantly enhanced trueness at the undercut region. SMP_2A and SMP_3A can be a potential alternative for precise linear measurement in complete-arch scans with selective use.

ChatGPT-4 as a journalist: Whose perspectives is it reproducing?

The rapid emergence of generative AI models in the media sector demands a critical examination of the narratives these models produce, particularly in relation to sensitive topics, such as politics, racism, immigration, public health, gender and violence, among others. The ease with which generative AI can produce narratives on sensitive topics raises concerns about potential harms, such as amplifying biases or spreading misinformation. Our study juxtaposes the content generated by a state-of-the-art generative AI, specifically ChatGPT-4, with actual articles from leading UK media outlets on the topic of immigration. Our specific case study focusses on the representation of Eastern European Roma migrants in the context of the 2016 UK Referendum on EU membership. Through a comparative critical discourse analysis, we uncover patterns of representation, inherent biases and potential discrepancies in representation between AI-generated narratives and mainstream media discourse with different political views. Preliminary findings suggest that ChatGPT-4 exhibits a remarkable degree of objectivity in its reporting and demonstrates heightened racial awareness in the content it produces. Moreover, it appears to consistently prioritise factual accuracy over sensationalism. All these features set it apart from right-wing media articles in our sample. This is further evidenced by the fact that, in most instances, ChatGPT-4 refrains from generating text or does so only after considerable adjustments when prompted with headlines that the model deems inflammatory. While these features can be attributed to the model’s diverse training data and model architecture, the findings invite further examination to determine the full scope of ChatGPT-4’s capabilities and its potential shortcomings in representing the full spectrum of social and political perspectives prevalent in society.

Internalizing Problems in Adopted Eastern European Adolescents: The Role of the Informant, Early Adversity and Post-Adoption Processes.

Internationally adopted children who suffered early institutionalization are at risk of a late onset of internalizing problems in adolescence. Both pre-adoption, adversity-related, and post-adoption factors predict variability in internalizing problems in this population. Previous studies have suggested different patterns of parent-adolescent informant discrepancies in adoptive dyads We analyzed internalizing problems among 66 adolescents internationally adopted from Russia to Spanish families using both the parent- and self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and comparing them with a low-risk, community group (n = 30). We assessed pre-adoption and post-adoption factors and evaluated cross-informant discrepancies. Internationally adopted adolescents exhibited more internalizing problems by parent-report than community adolescents, but there were no differences by self-report. Adopted youth showed no discrepancies between parent and self-report, whereas community adolescents reported more internalizing symptoms than their parents. Pre-adoption adversity-related factors predicted parent-reported internalizing problems, while post-adoption factors predicted self-reported internalizing problems. Parent-adolescent informant discrepancies in adopted adolescents from Eastern Europe for internalizing symptoms were lower than in community adolescents. Both adversity-related factors and the lived experience of adoption may influence the development of internalizing symptoms in internationally adopted adolescents.

PLT antigen discrepancy pattern among couples with recurrent abortion.

Recurrent abortion refers to a condition of two or more consecutive pregnancies without known etiology affected by miscarriage before the completion of the 20th week of gestational age. However, several hypotheses have been proposed, but not much data are available concerning the relationship between human platelet antigens (HPAs) polymorphisms and recurrent abortion. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic differences between HPA-1, -2, -3, -5, and - 15 in Iranian couples with a history of recurrent abortion. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 74 couples with at least 2 recurrent abortions without any known specified reasons enrolled in the study. HPA polymorphisms genotyping was performed by single-specific primer PCR. Genotype frequency was calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation. A total of 39 couples (52.7%) had HPA genotyping partial mismatches. The most common partial mismatch pairs were found concomitantly on both HPA-15a and HPA-15b in three couples (4%), followed by two (2.7%) on HPA-3a and one (1.3%) in each HPA-2b and HPA-5b. There was a deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the HPA-2 and -5 systems. The present study declared that partial mismatches of HPA-3 and -15 genotypes were common among Iranian couples due to the history of recurrent abortion and approximately half of the couples carried at least one HPA gene that was absent in their partners. Further studies might be helpful to clarify the association between HPA polymorphisms and recurrent abortion, such as an investigation into the alloantibodies against HPAs.

The artificial intelligence-based model ANORAK improves histopathological grading of lung adenocarcinoma.

The introduction of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer grading system has furthered interest in histopathological grading for risk stratification in lung adenocarcinoma. Complex morphology and high intratumoral heterogeneity present challenges to pathologists, prompting the development of artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Here we developed ANORAK (pyrAmid pooliNg crOss stReam Attention networK), encoding multiresolution inputs with an attention mechanism, to delineate growth patterns from hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. In 1,372 lung adenocarcinomas across four independent cohorts, AI-based grading was prognostic of disease-free survival, and further assisted pathologists by consistently improving prognostication in stage I tumors. Tumors with discrepant patterns between AI and pathologists had notably higher intratumoral heterogeneity. Furthermore, ANORAK facilitates the morphological and spatial assessment of the acinar pattern, capturing acinus variations with pattern transition. Collectively, our AI method enabled the precision quantification and morphology investigation of growth patterns, reflecting intratumoral histological transitions in lung adenocarcinoma.

Mother-child reporting discrepancies of child physical abuse: Associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms

BackgroundMother-child discrepancies frequently occur in reports of child physical abuse. Such report discrepancies raise important challenges for interpreting and integrating data from multiple informants in forensic and clinical settings. ObjectivesThe main goal of this study was to identify patterns of mother-child discrepancies in reporting CPA using latent profile analysis. We then tested differences between profiles on mothers' mental health problems and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms.Participants and setting.Participants were 159 mother-child dyads with police-documented exposure to intimate partner violence. MethodParticipants were recruited from Child Protective Services and shelter residences from all regions of Portugal. After obtaining informed consent, assessment protocols were administered separately to mothers and children. ResultsWe identified two convergent profiles (mother-child agreement on reports of both high and low exposure to CPA) and one divergent profile (the child reported significantly higher exposure to CPA than the mother). Mothers from the divergent profile reported more depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms than mothers from the convergent profiles. Children of the divergent profile and one of the convergent profiles (mother-child agreement on high exposure to CPA) showed the highest internalizing and externalizing symptoms. ConclusionsThese results illustrate how examining informant discrepancies in the assessment of abusive parenting practices increases our understanding of children's psychological adjustment in high-risk contexts.

Beneficial impact of cardiac heavy metal scavenger metallothionein in sepsis-provoked cardiac anomalies dependent upon regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis but not autophagy

Aims: Sepsis represents a profound proinflammatory response with a major contribution from oxidative injury. Here we evaluated possible impact of heavy metal scavenger metallothionein (MT) on endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and ferroptosis enroute to myocardial injury along with interplay among these stress domains. Materials and methods: Echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte mechanical and intracellular Ca2+ responses were monitored in myocardia from WT and transgenic mice with cardiac-selective MT overexpression challenged with LPS. Oxidative stress, stress signaling (p38, ERK, JNK), ER stress, autophagy, and ferroptosis were scrutinized. Key findings: RNAseq analysis revealed discrepant patterns in ferroptosis between LPS-exposed and normal murine hearts. LPS insult enlarged LV end systolic dimension, suppressed fractional shortening, ejection fraction, maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening and peak shortening, as well as elongated relengthening along with dampened intracellular Ca2+ release and reuptake. In addition, LPS triggered oxidative stress (lowered glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio and O2− production), activation of stress cascades (p38, ERK, JNK), ER stress (GRP78, PERK, Gadd153, and IRE1α), inflammation (TNFα and iNOS), unchecked autophagy (LCB3, Beclin-1 and Atg7), ferroptosis (GPx4 and SLC7A11) and interstitial fibrosis. Although MT overexpression itself did not reveal response on cardiac function, it attenuated or mitigated LPS-evoked alterations in echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca2+ characteristics, O2− production, TNFα level, ER stress and ferroptosis (without affecting autophagy, elevated AMP/ATP ratio, and iNOS). In vitro evidence revealed beneficial effects of suppression of oxidative stress, ER stress and ferroptosis against LPS-elicited myocardial anomalies. Significance: These data strongly support the therapeutic promises of MT and ferroptosis in septic cardiomyopathy.

Can ERA5 reanalysis data characterize the pre-storm environment?

The atmospheric environment before the onset of rainfall, frequently obtained from reanalysis, oftentimes varies dramatically at time scales ranging from minute to hour. Nevertheless, the extent to which hourly reanalysis data can capture the pre-rainfall and pre-storm signals remains largely unknown. To this end, three warm-season (April to September of 2015–2017) records of high-resolution radiosonde measurements and the Fifth Generation Global Climate Atmosphere Reanalysis (ERA5) reanalysis data throughout the whole of China are used to derive the pre-storm environmental parameters, including convective available potential energy (CAPE), convective inhibition (CIN), precipitable water (PW), K index, LI index, storm-relative helicity (SRH) and vertical wind shear (WSR). For rainfall and storm events, we separately conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis of ERA5 against soundings at 120 radiosonde stations in China obtained 2 h before the rainfall onset. The CAPE before the onset of storm events is much greater than that for rainfall events, especially over the central and southern China, and the association between CAPE and rain rate for the storm events is much stronger than that for the rainfall events. Pre-rainfall environmental analysis suggests that ERA5 reanalysis tends to overestimate the thermodynamic parameters including CAPE, CIN, PW, and LI index, compared with soundings, and this overestimation exhibits a “west-high east-low” spatial pattern. In contrast, ERA5 reanalysis tends to underestimate the dynamic parameters like WSR and SRH. By comparison, the correlation coefficients between soundings and ERA5 for most pre-storm environmental parameters are lower than those of all rainfall events, suggesting ERA5 has a relatively better performance in characterizing pre-rainfall environment compared with in characterizing pre-storm environment. Besides, the pre-storm parameter discrepancy pattern may be more spatially heterogenous, compared with pre-rainfall counterpart. We also try to explore the evolution of the pre-rainfall atmospheric parameters with lead time that refers to the period between 20 min after the sounding balloon releases and the rainfall onset. Most pre-rainfall environmental parameters from ERA5 undergo more sudden changes within 10 min of the rainfall onset than those from soundings. Overall, ERA5 reanalysis cannot accurately capture the atmospheric convective environment before rainfall in most cases, especially in western China where the weather stations are scarce. Therefore, the findings highlight the need of integrating reanalysis with sounding measurements to better characterize pre-rainfall and pre-storm environment.

60 Associations Between Motor Task Deficits and Uneven Scores Across WISC-V Coding and Symbol Search Subtests

Objective:Deficits in visual-motor coordination and/or fine motor dexterity are often present in pediatric neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions and may adversely affect performance on tests with motor demands. This consideration is relevant when interpreting discrepant scores across Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V) Processing Speed Index (PSI) subtests, specifically Symbol Search and the more motorically demanding Coding. Although test developers maintain that motor ability is unlikely to significantly impact Coding performances, clinicians often consider whether uneven WISC-V PSI subtest scores (Coding&lt;Symbol Search) may in part be attributed to motor-related difficulties, when indicated. This has important clinical implications, as WISC-V Coding may then be omitted or substituted when calculating FSIQ. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the role of motor task deficits in uneven PSI subtest scores in a sample of clinic-referred youth.Participants and Methods:Participants were 238 children and adolescents (MAge=10.62 years; 65.5% male; 60.5% white) referred for neuropsychological assessment. All participants completed the Coding and Symbol Search subtests of the WISC-V and at least one of two motor tasks: the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) and the Grooved Pegboard (GP). To evaluate patterns of functioning, we determined the frequencies of patients who demonstrated uneven PSI subtest performances (defined in this study as a Coding scaled score [ss] at least 3-points lower than that of Symbol Search) and/or normative weaknesses (i.e., Standard Score [SS] below 80, per recommendations from the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology) on motor tasks. A chi-square test of independence was used to evaluate associations between uneven PSI performance and the presence/absence of motor weaknesses. Among those with uneven PSI performance, a one-way ANOVA was used to examine whether PSI subtest difference scores varied as a function of motor performance group (No Weakness=0, VMI Weakness Only=1, GP Weakness Only=2, Weaknesses on Both=3).Results:Of the 238 participants, 28 (11.0%) displayed normative weaknesses on the VMI only, 43 (16.9%) displayed weaknesses on the dominant-GP only, and 18 (7.1%) displayed weaknesses on both tasks. On the WISC-V, 56 participants (23.5%) exhibited uneven PSI subtest performance (Coding&lt;Symbol Search), with 21 (37.5%) of those participants displaying at least one normative motor weakness. Chi-square analyses indicated no significant association between the presence/absence of motor skill weakness and uneven PSI subtest performance, (X2 (3) = 5.79, p = .122). Among those with uneven PSI performance, Coding/Symbol Search difference scores were not significantly associated with motor performance group (F(3,55) = 1.26, p = .297).Conclusions:These findings suggest that while patients with uneven WISC-V Coding and Symbol Search scores may also display motor task deficits, these deficits are not significantly associated with uneven performances overall. Additionally, of the participants with uneven PSI subtest scores, the majority did not exhibit normative weaknesses on motor tasks. Therefore, clinicians may be overcorrecting for a motoric cause of uneven performance and underappreciating the potential unevenness a child demonstrates in processing speed. Future studies should evaluate the role of other neurocognitive factors, such as working memory, in this score discrepancy pattern.

Comprehensive Analysis of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Through DNA, mRNA, and Protein in Diverse Malignancies.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (protein immunohistochemistry [IHC] or gene amplification [copy-number variation, CNV]) predicts anti-HER2 therapy responsiveness, although recently it was shown that even low HER2-expressing breast cancers benefit from trastuzumab-deruxtecan. Little is known about HER2 transcriptomic (mRNA) expression, and comparisons between genomic, mRNA, and protein HER2 assays. HER2 status was evaluated using clinical-grade IHC (protein), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRNA), and next-generation sequencing (NGS; amplifications). Multi-institutional HER2 testing was performed on 5,305 diverse cancers including non-small-cell lung (n = 1,175), breast (n = 1,040), and colon cancers (n = 566; N = 3,926 tested for CNV; N = 1,848, mRNA; N = 2,533, IHC). Overall, 4.1% (161/3,926) had NGS HER2 amplification; 33.3% (615/1,848) had mRNA overexpression; and 9.3% (236/2,533) were IHC-positive. In 723 patients with all three tests (CNV/mRNA/IHC), various amplification/expression patterns occurred: 7.5% (54/723) had all three HER2 tests positive; 62.8% (454/723) had all three tests negative. Discrepant patterns between amplification and overexpression emerged. For instance, 20% (144/723) of patients had mRNA overexpression alone with negative CNV and IHC. A range in values for only mRNA+ cases occurred in different tumor types (eg, 16.9%, breast; 5%, hepatobiliary). There were 53 patients with various tumors from our institution who had all three assays attempted; 22 tested positive for HER2, and seven received anti-HER2 therapy: two patients achieved response: one (esophageal cancer), complete response (≥42 months); one (cholangiocarcinoma), who only had HER2 mRNA positivity (tissue was inadequate for IHC and CNV assessment), partial response (≥24 months) on HER2-based regimens. We demonstrate variability of HER2 (protein and mRNA) expression and amplification using comprehensive assays (CNV, mRNA, and IHC) among diverse cancers. As HER2-targeted therapy indications expand, the relative importance of these modalities merits further evaluation.

Perceived Parenting Discrepancy Profiles, Feelings about Language Brokering, and Internalizing Symptoms among Mexican-origin Adolescents in Immigrant Families.

While different patterns of perceived parenting discrepancy among mother-adolescent dyads have been shown to be associated with adolescent internalizing symptoms, little is known about the pathway underlying such associations, particularly among immigrant families. The current study considered one culturally salient form of mother-adolescent communication, language brokering (i.e., adolescents translating and interpreting between host and heritage languages for mothers), in order to investigate its mediating role based on two waves of longitudinal data on Mexican-origin immigrant families. Wave 1 included 604 adolescents (54% female; Mage = 12.92, SD = 0.92) and 595 mothers (Mage = 38.89, SD = 5.74); Wave 2 was collected one year later with data from 483 adolescents. Perceived parenting discrepancy patterns at Wave 1 were captured by three profiles based on the levels of both mothers' and adolescents' perceived positive parenting (i.e., Mother High, Adolescent High, and Both High). Compared to the other two profiles, adolescents who reported much lower positive parenting than mothers at Wave 1 (i.e., Mother High) experienced more negative feelings about brokering at Wave 2, relating to more anxiety. Being in the Mother High (vs. Both High) group was also directly related to more depressive symptoms one year later. This study highlights the importance of considering culturally salient forms of communication, such as language brokering, when designing family-level interventions to reduce adolescents' internalizing symptoms by building agreement on high positive parenting among mother-adolescent dyads from immigrant families.

Veterinary radiologic error rate as determined by necropsy.

A large-scale postmortem auditing of antemortem imaging diagnoses has yet to be accomplished in veterinary medicine. For this retrospective, observational, single-center, diagnostic accuracy study, necropsy reports for patients of The Schwarzman Animal Medical Center were collected over a 1-year period. Each necropsy diagnosis was determined to be either correctly diagnosed or discrepant with its corresponding antemortem diagnostic imaging, and discrepancies were categorized. The radiologic error rate was calculated to include only clinically significant missed diagnoses (lesion was not reported but was retrospectively visible on the image) and misinterpretations (lesion was noted but was incorrectly diagnosed). Nonerror discrepancies, such as temporal indeterminacy, microscopic limitations, sensitivity limitations, and study-type limitations were not included in the error rate. A total of 1099 necropsy diagnoses had corresponding antemortem imaging; 440 diagnoses were classified as major diagnoses, of which 176 were discrepant, for a major discrepancy rate of 40%, similar to reports in people. Seventeen major discrepancies were diagnoses that were missed or misinterpreted by the radiologist, for a calculated radiologic error rate of 4.6%, comparable with error rates of 3%-5% reported in people. From 2020 to 2021, nearly half of all clinically significant abnormalities noted at necropsy went undetected by antemortem imaging, though most discrepancies owed to factors other than radiologic error. Identifying common patterns of misdiagnosis and discrepancy will help radiologists refine their analysis of imaging studies to potentially reduce interpretive error.

Discrepancies in Mother-Child Reports of Child's Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence: Associations With Externalizing Symptoms.

The type and frequency of children's exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) are considered as key variables in understanding children's heightened risk of externalizing symptoms. Notably, children's exposure to IPV has been primarily measured using mothers' reports of their own victimization. However, mothers and children might differently perceive children's exposure to physical IPV. To date, no research has investigated multi-rater reporting discrepancies in child's exposure to physical IPV and whether such discrepancies would be linked to externalizing symptoms. This study aimed to identify patterns of mother-child discrepancies in child's exposure to physical IPV and examine whether those patterns would be associated with children's externalizing symptoms. Participants were mothers who have experienced police-reported male-perpetrated IPV and their children (n = 153; 4-10 years). Latent profile analysis identified three profiles of mother-child discrepancies: a concordant group reporting high IPV exposure; a discordant group with mothers and children reporting high and low child's IPV exposure, respectively; a second discordant group with mothers and children reporting low and moderate IPV exposure, respectively. Profiles of mother-child discrepancies were differentially associated with children's externalizing symptoms. Findings suggest that discrepancies among informants' ratings of children's IPV exposure might have important implications for measurement, assessment, and treatment.

Profiles of multi-informant ratings of depressive symptoms in children with ADHD symptomology

The present study examined the latent profiles of child, parent, and teacher ratings of child depression symptoms in a sample of children with ADHD Symptomology. The study attempted to identify patterns of agreement and discrepancies among raters and correlates of these patterns. Five classes best described the ratings: No Depression, Parent/Child Moderate Depression, Severe Depression, Teacher/Parent Moderate Depression, and Mixed Severe Depression. Predictors of class membership including social functioning and maternal depression confirmed the distinctiveness of classes. Latent profiles of ratings of depression ratings were also generated for a sample without ADHD symptoms as a basis for comparison. Implications for identifying and intervening on depression symptoms in children with ADHD are discussed.

Triangulating on developmental models with a combination of experimental and nonexperimental estimates.

Plausible competing developmental models show similar or identical structural equation modeling model fit indices, despite making very different causal predictions. One way to help address this problem is incorporating outside information into selecting among models. This study attempted to select among developmental models of children's early mathematical skills by incorporating information about the extent to which models forecast the longitudinal pattern of causal impacts of early math interventions. We tested for the usefulness and validity of the approach by applying it to data from three randomized controlled trials of early math interventions with longitudinal follow-up assessments in the United States (Ns = 1,375, 591, 744; baseline age 4.3, 6.5, 4.4; 17%-69% Black). We found that, across data sets, (a) some models consistently outperformed other models at forecasting later experimental impacts, (b) traditional statistical fit indices were not strongly related to causal fit as indexed by models' accuracy at forecasting later experimental impacts, and (c) models showed consistent patterns of similarity and discrepancy between statistical fit and models' effectiveness at forecasting experimental impacts. We highlight the importance of triangulation and call for more comparisons of experimental and nonexperimental estimates for choosing among developmental models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Origin, Selection, and Succession of Coastal Intertidal Zone-Derived Bacterial Communities Associated with the Degradation of Various Lignocellulose Substrates.

Terrestrial microbial consortia were reported to play fundamental roles in the global carbon cycle and renewable energy production through the breakdown of complex organic carbon. However, we have a poor understanding of how biotic/abiotic factors combine to influence consortia assembly and lignocellulose degradation in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we used 96 in situ lignocellulose enriched, coastal intertidal zone-derived bacterial consortia as the initial inoculating consortia and developed 384 cultured consortia under different lignocellulose substrates (aspen, pine, rice straw, and purified Norway spruce lignin) with gradients of salinity and temperature. As coastal consortia, salinity was the strongest driver for assembly, followed by Norway spruce lignin, temperature, and aspen. Moreover, a conceptual model was proposed to demonstrate different succession dynamics between consortia under herbaceous and woody lignocelluloses. The succession of consortium under Norway spruce lignin is greatly related with abiotic factors, while its substrate degradation is mostly correlated with biotic factors. A discrepant pattern was observed in the consortium under rice straw. Finally, we developed four groups of versatile, yet specific consortia. Our study not only reveals that coastal intertidal wetlands are important natural resources to enrich lignocellulolytic degrading consortia but also provides insights into the succession and ecological function of coastal consortium.