Coping Patterns Research Articles

Cognitive behavioral therapy for complex regional pain syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is often associated with severe mental impairments. Initial pain-related fears in particular appear to be negative predictors for long-term therapy results. Procedures for cognitive behavioral therapy are an important component of treatment. The psychotherapy of CRPS consists of various elements that are implemented in the different phases of treatment. In the beginning the focus is on targeted psychoeducation. In the following activation phase body awareness exercises are accompanied by occupational and physiotherapeutic treatment in order to improve the perception of individual maximum loads. Behavioral analyses are used to uncover dysfunctional coping patterns, such as afear avoidance coping strategy. In this case the use of graded activity treatment approach is indicated, in which the activity level is gradually increased. In the transfer phase psychotherapy supports affected patients in (re)designing their professional and private environments.

Dispositional coping profiles moderate the links between racial discrimination and mental health in Black Americans.

Racial discrimination is consistently linked to negative mental health outcomes. However, less is known about how unique patterns of coping in Black Americans experiencing high discrimination stress may moderate the association between discrimination and mental health. The present study uses person-centered methods to identify and describe latent profiles of coping in Black Americans, to understand how these coping profiles are linked to mental health, and to examine whether latent coping profiles moderate the links between discrimination and mental health. Participants were Black Americans (N = 289; Mage = 44.87; 63% women) from the Midlife Development in the United States Milwaukee Refresher study. Latent profile analysis was used to uncover subgroups characterized by distinct patterns of coping strategies. Direct associations between latent profile membership and mental health were examined. Finally, latent profiles were tested as moderators of associations between discrimination and mental health. Four profiles of coping responses were identified: passive responders (29% of the sample), evasive responders (15%), diverse responders (17%), and engaged responders (39%). Engaged responders had the lowest prevalence of mental health problems. Further, membership in the engaged responders profile moderated associations between discrimination and mental health, such that the associations between racial discrimination and mental health outcomes were generally stronger in other profiles. Person-centered methods uncovered meaningful subgroups characterized by unique coping patterns and pointed to engaged responders as being most resilient to the effects of discrimination. Future research should test these associations longitudinally and examine whether more adaptive coping profiles can be fostered through intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Effect of an Educational Program on Strains and Coping Patterns of Family Caregivers Having Autistic Children

Effect of an Educational Program on Strains and Coping Patterns of Family Caregivers Having Autistic Children

The Resilience of Polish Doctors and Their Behavioral Patterns in Coping with Work-Related Stress

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to assess stress-coping patterns among Polish doctors, taking into account their degree of resilience and sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: This study involved 832 (100%) Polish physicians working in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. All respondents gave their informed and voluntary consent to participate. This study was conducted using an original questionnaire and the Resilience Measurement Scale (SPP-25) Stress Coping Inventory (Mini-COPE). Results: Women used the strategies: Seeking Emotional Support and Seeking Instrumental Support significantly more often than men. Positive Re-evaluation strategy was used more often by doctors working in surgical wards, who also declared more frequent use of psychoactive substances. Younger doctors (≤30 years) were characterized by lower mental resilience compared to other age groups and doctors with high psychological resilience were characterized by higher scores in strategies belonging to the group of active coping with stress. Conclusions: The examined doctors with high resilience were mostly characterized by the use of active methods of coping with stress, in contrast to doctors with low resilience. Actions should be taken to increase the awareness of healthcare system employees in the field of active stress coping techniques and their adverse effects on health.

The intercultural caring-coping patterns of disaster-displaced families in temporary shelters

This integrative research review sought to explore the concepts of caring and coping in the context of the disaster-displacement phenomenon. It intended to describe and characterize the process of human flourishing amidst crisis through the caring and coping experiences of people living temporarily in emergency shelters after having been forcefully displaced following a devastating disaster event. This review adopted the 11-step method introduced by Tawfik and his colleagues in 2019. Three databases were utilized which included CINAHL, PubMed, and ProQuest. Papers needed to be published in English, with full-text availability for their inclusion. A total of 16 references met the inclusion criteria for the final review. To construct a logical and coherent integration of the important points, four categories of themes were developed: i) disaster impacts on daily life patterns and cultural lifeways; ii) caring patterns during disaster displacement; iii) coping patterns during disaster displacement; and iv) cultural learnings for disaster-based practitioners. It was noted that despite the challenges of crises, disaster victims often recover naturally and return to their previous levels of functioning. Resilient caring-coping mechanisms enable people to flourish in adversity, with culture and traditions playing a vital role in shaping their adjustment and adaptation to current circumstances.

Coping patterns among sexually abused children: A latent profile analysis

Coping patterns among sexually abused children: A latent profile analysis

Coping Pattern Related to Bullying Exposure among Nursing School Students

Coping Pattern Related to Bullying Exposure among Nursing School Students

Assessing the Effectiveness of Prayer for Pre-operative Cardio-thoracic Patients

Introduction and background: Every human being on this earth needs the divine help from God, irrespective of religion, caste, creed, educational status, etc. especially during sickness, man becomes helpless and tries to seek the help of divine forces. The pastoral care giver’s role is very important both supportive and curative to participants. Prayer is an act of communication by humans with the supernatural power. Human tendency is to be afraid and anxious about the upcoming surgery, which has an effect on the blood pressure; the surgeons find it difficult to proceed. A merry heart is responsible for the major healing process. Methods: This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of prayer for pre-operative cardio-thoracic participants with the objective to reduce fear and anxiety from the participant through prayer. It was limited only to the cardio-thoracic participants admitted in the wards of a selected multi-specialty hospital in Vellore Dist. Tamilnadu. Participants between the age group 31 and 70 yrs, irrespective of any gender, single or married who can speak Tamil/English and is pre-operative for at least 3 days were included. A standardized tool consisting of 10 items was administered using Questionnaire method. Participants were expected to rate them according to how much they have been benefitted. The participant scored accordingly i.e., 1, 2, 3. 1=least effective, 2=moderately effective, 3=most effective. A sample size of 10 was conveniently recruited. The investigator conducted 3 sessions prior to the day of surgery. In the first session the investigator established good rapport, provided pastoral care and prayed. In the second session, the investigator enquired about the participant and prayed. In the final session an assessment was carried on, focusing on evaluating the spiritual coping starting with prayer. The interview with the participant took place at the bedside of the ward. Results: 60% of the participants had their fear absolutely reduced after the pastoral care giver prayed for them. It is significant that 10% of the participant’s fear was reduced by the pastoral care giver’s prayer. 70% of the participants had their anxiety absolutely reduced after the pastoral care giver prayed for them. It is significant that the pastoral care giver’s prayer was effective for all 10 participants with regard to reduction of anxiety. 60% of the participants were absolutely confident after the pastoral care giver prayed for them. 70% of the participants were able to feel close to God completely. 70% of the participants were mentally prepared to face the surgery. 70% of the participants were able to feel God’s presence completely. 80% of the participants absolutely gained faith upon God. 40% of the participants were able to completely cope emotionally. 50% of the participants were able to moderately cope emotionally. 10% of the participants were able to minimally cope emotionally. 70% of the participants were fully benefitted by the pastoral care giver’s prayer. Conclusion: Prayer made an impact in the wellbeing of the participants. The participants gained faith upon God and had the real experience of feeling the presence of God at the bedside. Prayer helped the participant to cope emotionally and to have a hope for the future. They believed that there would be a smooth recovery. This study revealed that the pastoral care giver’s prayer was effective by making a significant difference in their coping pattern.

Life Course Stressors, Latent Coping Strategies, Alcohol Use, and Adherence among People with HIV.

People with HIV (PWH) have often experienced chronic stressors across their lifespan, including adverse childhood experiences (ACES), lifetime economic hardship (LEH), and concurrent stressors associated with living in urban areas (urban stress). Prolonged exposure to stressors might result in differential coping patterns among PWH that can impact care trajectories. We utilized a life course-informed approach to examine chronic stressors as antecedents of latent coping strategies among PWH in care. High-risk alcohol use and non-adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) were examined as consequences of latent coping strategies. Data were utilized from the baseline and interim follow-up visit of the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) study. Three latent classes of coping strategies were identified: avoidance coping (31%), low-frequency coping (43%), and problem-solving coping (25%). Exposure to ACES was associated with greater use of avoidance versus low-frequency coping class at wave II. Urban stress was associated with greater use of avoidance coping compared to problem-solving or low-frequency coping classes at wave II. LEH was associated with greater use of low-frequency coping at wave II. Those utilizing low-frequency coping had a two-fold increase in ART non-adherence compared to problem-solving coping. PWH utilizing avoidance and low-frequency coping had a nearly two-fold increase in high-risk alcohol use versus problem-solving coping. These findings reveal important coping classifications that are linked to stressors across the life course of PWH. An understanding of coping styles and stressors may aid in improving the continuum of care among PWH by reducing alcohol use and improving medication adherence.

More Than Meets the Eye: Understanding Political Microtargeting Processing With Gaze-Cued Retrospective Think-Aloud Methodology

Political microtargeting is a popular campaign tool in elections worldwide. However, it is associated with democratic risks. Foremost, scholars and policymakers are concerned that citizens cannot cope with political microtargeting and, thus, stand vulnerable to persuasion. To assess this risk, an in-depth understanding of how citizens make sense of and cope with political microtargeting is required. However, empirical studies are scarce, partially inconclusive, and provide global rather than nuanced insights. This study contributes to this research by employing an innovative, qualitative gaze-cued retrospective think-aloud design to distinguish coping patterns and, based on that, assess citizens’ vulnerability to persuasion via political microtargeting (<em>N </em>= 25). The results reveal similarities regarding conceptual persuasion knowledge activation (i.e., advertising and targeting awareness) but differences in attitudinal and behavioral coping, illustrated along five coping patterns (avoidance, coherence assessment, ad quality assessment, partisanship bias, and neutral observation). Only individuals who cope by neutrally observing the political message seem vulnerable to political microtargeting. For individuals who cope with political messages based on their partisanship, political microtargeting might strengthen existing ties but backlash when employed by a non-preferred party. This study informs educators and policymakers about citizens’ coping mechanisms with political microtargeting and their potential vulnerability, which may guide intervention and regulation decisions.

A modified transactional model of stress and coping on depressive symptoms among informal caregivers of persons with dementia

Informal caregivers are crucial to the care of persons with dementia (PWD), but their role is often reported as challenging. This study aims to examine caregiver stress and depressive symptoms among informal caregivers of PWD using a modified transactional stress and coping model. Path analysis was conducted among a sample of informal caregivers of PWD in Singapore (n = 281) using information on functional dependence and memory and behavioral problems of PWD, and self-reported measurements on caregivers’ knowledge of dementia, perceived positive aspects of caregiving, social support, coping patterns, caregiving self-efficacy, caregiving burden and depressive symptoms. The initial model reflecting our assumptions for the transactional stress and coping model showed a poor fit (model 1 - CFI = 0.858, TLI = 0.665, RMSEA = 0.118). Logical modifications were made until sufficient model fit was achieved (model 2 - CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.955, RMSEA = 0.043). We then removed the insignificant paths in model 2 and obtained our final model (model 3 - CFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.974, RMSEA = 0.033). The final model supported our hypotheses, with some adjustments. This study advances our understanding of caregiver distress by modifying the transactional stress and coping model, including (1) the key role of caregiver self-efficacy in the primary appraisal process, (2) the dynamic assessment of coping resources across all stages of the model, and (3) the importance of coping patterns. Future studies could explore the generalizability of these findings.

The Effect of the SAMRY Model (Mahfudzat Adaptation Stress and Guided Imagery) on Nurse Work Stress

Nurses’ work stress must be managed well. Work stress can affect nurses’ performance, reduce service quality, and cause turnover intention. The 2018 PPNI survey showed that 50.9% of Indonesian nurses experienced work stress. A preliminary study at K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Hospital Semarang of 10 nurses in special units stated that 90% experienced work stress. The SAMRY (Stress Adaptation and Guided Imagery) model can reduce nurses’ work stress. This technique combines the application of the concepts of mahfudzat and guided imagery so that it can create relaxation distractions and increase adaptive coping patterns. This research aims to determine the effect of the SAMRY model on nurses’ work stress. The research method uses a pre-experiment with a pre-post-test one-group design. The population is 223 nurses who work in special units. Sample of 35 respondents using a purposive random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by assessing work stress pre and post-intervention. The research instrument used the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) questionnaire. The results of the study reported an average pre-intervention work stress score of 114 and post-intervention 78.26. Data analysis using the paired sample t-test obtained p-value=0.000 (p0.05). It can be concluded that there is an influence of the SAMRY model on nurses’ work stress.

Coping Strategies and Burden Stress in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia and Patients with Bipolar Disorder

Abstract Background Mental illness has a great impact not only on patients but also on their caregivers as it makes them more prone to stress, interferes with their daily life activities and can negatively affects their social, psychological and physical health quality of life. They neglect seeking medical help that may negatively affect clinical outcome of patients and quality of their life. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the magnitude of burden on such caregivers and to investigate the coping strategies used by them in order to develop tailored bio psychosocial interventions to reduce their stress. Objective To assess the magnitude of burden and patterns of coping with stress in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. To assess the magnitude of burden and patterns of coping with stress in caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder. To compare both the coping strategies and burden stress scores among caregivers of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar patients. Patients and Methods This cross sectional study was done on 100 caregivers to assess burden in caregivers of schizophrenia patients and caregivers of bipolar patients, the coping style used by the caregivers of both groups and comparing between two groups. Results There was statistically significant difference found between bipolar group and schizophrenia group regarding coping inventory scores make fun and behavioral withdrawal, which showed higher median score in schizophrenia group than bipolar group. Burden of caring and coping with this burden, affect each other mutually. As, according to the results of our study, rural residence of caregiver, positive reassessment ≤12 and denial >8 were found significantly associated with high burden in bipolar group. While employed caregivers were associated with high burden among schizophrenia group. Burden is higher in bipolar group than schizophrenia group. Conclusion Appraisal by, and burden on caregivers play a major role in determining their style of coping. These factors largely accounted for the differences in coping observed between caregivers of patients of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, in this study. Reducing burden on caregivers and enhancing their awareness of illness could lead to adoption of more adaptive coping styles by them.

Assessment of Depressive Symptoms and Coping Patterns in a Sample of Mothers of ADHD Children

Abstract Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children and adults. Aim and Objectives To identify the rate of occurrence and severity of depressive symptoms in a sample of mothers with children having ADHD and to assess different coping strategies with stress used by those mothers. Subjects and Methods This cross sectional comparative study was conducted on 100 mothers. The study sample collected from the outpatient clinic of child psychiatry, Okasha Institute of psychiatry, Ain Shams University Hospital and rehabilitation unit, and the outpatient clinic of child psychiatry at El-Maamoura Psychiatric Hospital (during the proposed study period from September 2021 to the first of March 2022). Result Mothers of ADHD children had higher levels of depressive symptoms than the control group. There was statistically significant difference between the score of less useful in mild depressed Mean ±SD (35.29±4.23), moderate depressed Mean ±SD (34.71 ± 4.57) non-depressed mothers Mean ± SD (25.90±5.17). There was statistically significant relation between Beck Score and hyperactive and combined ADHD types. While there was no statistically significant relation between Beck Score and inattentive ADHD type. There was no statistically significant difference between the score of problem focused, emotional focused and humor in depressed and non- depressed mothers. Conclusion The depressive complaints of the mothers of the study sample were higher than the controls. There was statistically significant positive correlation between severity of depression and some coping styles.

Coping patterns associations with cognitive function in older adults.

Cognitive function may contribute to variability in older adults' ability to cope with chronic stress; however, limited research has evaluated this relationship. This study investigated the relationship between theoretically derived coping domains and cognitive function in 165 middle-to-older adults during the Omicron stage of COVID-19. Participants completed a clinical interview and self-report measures of health. The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set neuropsychological battery was used to evaluate memory, language, executive function/speed, and working memory. Structural equation modeling evaluated the underlying factor structure of the Brief COPE adapted for COVID-19. The data supported the proposed second-order Approach factor comprised of Problem-Solving and Emotion Regulation (ER) strategies and a first-order Avoidance factor. Higher Avoidance was associated with greater depression symptoms, lower income and worse memory, executive function, working memory, and verbal fluency performance. Higher Problem-Solving was associated with better verbal fluency performance. ER strategies were not significantly associated with cognitive function. The use of Problem-Solving was not associated with less Avoidance. Greater use of Problem-Solving, ER, and Avoidance were all associated with higher levels of stress. Post-hoc analyses found that higher Acceptance was the only coping strategy associated with less stress. These findings demonstrate that older adults with worse cognitive function were more likely to use Avoidance during the pandemic, which could result in prolonged stress and adverse health consequences. Future research is warranted to investigate whether acceptance-based interventions reduce the avoidance and impact of stress on health in vulnerable older adults.

Coping With Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome.

Compensatory coping, or maladaptive alterations in behavior with the intention of preventing or managing symptoms, is increasingly being explored as a key factor in how people respond to bladder conditions. Preliminary investigations have identified relations between coping behaviors and psychological distress in urologic conditions, including interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). However, previous explorations of coping have not accounted for heterogeneity in coping behaviors or addressed the likelihood that some coping behaviors may be more adaptive than others. This study sought to examine how two specific types of coping behaviors, primary control coping and disengaged coping, are related to distress and symptoms in IC/BPS, and to explore the potential role of pain phenotype in this relationship. A secondary data analysis was conducted with a large community data set (N = 677 women with IC/BPS) and employed descriptive and inferential statistics to characterize coping patterns and explore novel predictors of distress. Results indicated that almost all participants engaged in at least one compensatory coping behavior within the last week. Both types of coping behaviors correlated with psychological symptoms, and when controlling for relevant clinical variables (i.e., age and severity of urinary symptoms), disengaged coping behaviors were significantly associated with psychological distress. Further, the addition of pain phenotype to multiple regression models resulted in a more effective predictive model when considering the relation between coping behaviors and depression. By investigating more deeply the relationship between coping and distress, understanding of potential risk factors and mechanisms is increased, offering valuable insights for intervention strategies for IC/BPS patients.

A Family Therapy Case Study on Family Dynamics Associated with the Truancy of a Middle School-Aged Child in South Korea

ABSTRACT This study examined a family therapy case of an adolescent with truancy to explore family dynamics associated with the adolescent’s development of truancy. The adolescent was a 14-year-old Korean male who had been truant for over a year in South Korea. His family involved in the therapy included the adolescent, his 45-year-old father, 44-year-old mother, 17-year-old sister, and 11-year-old younger brother. The parents sought therapy to address their son’s truancy issues. Using therapy logs and transcriptions, we employed a narrative case study to understand the family dynamics and therapeutic interventions. The identified characteristics of family dynamics were as follows: First, both parents had formed a negative internal working model and dysfunctional coping style due to their family-of-origin experiences. Second, the parents’ internal working model and coping style had a significant impact on the client’s development of his internal working model and coping patterns. Third, the client experienced unresolved emotions from the family at school, contributing to his truancy. The findings have implications for using the family systemic framework in addressing truancy, highlighting the interconnectedness of family dynamics and their impact on adolescent behavior.

Religious Coping Styles Used by Young Black Women Who Experience DatingViolence.

Young Black women experience higher rates of dating violence victimization compared to their White peers. Religion is a cornerstone of African American culture, suggesting that Black women may use religious coping after experiencing trauma like dating violence. However, research has not explored the patterns of religious coping following dating violence experiences. The current study analyzed survey data from 481 young Black women aged 18-19 years on their religious coping behaviors, acceptance of violence beliefs, and dating violence victimization experiences. Results showed that victimization was positively associated with negative religious coping. Findings indicate that one way young Black women cope with dating violence victimization is through feelings of spiritual discontent, and they may see their victimization as a punishment from God.

Stress dimensions, patterns of coping, and psychopathological risk among nurses: a person-centred approach

BackgroundNurses are increasingly demanded to achieve gold-standards of care with fewer resources. Dealing effectively with stress experienced in their daily-work-life is thus crucial. This study is based on the Demands-Resources-and-Individual-Effects (DRIVE) Nurses Model and applied the person-centred approach with a twofold objective: 1. to identify patterns of coping strategies (Problem-Focused; Seek-Advice; Self-Blame; Wishful-Thinking; Escape/Avoidance) adopted by nurses to deal with perceived stress; 2. to explore potential differences in perceived Demands (Effort), Resources (Rewards, Job-Control, Social-Support), and Psychopathological Symptoms (Anxiety, Phobic-Anxiety, Obsessive–Compulsive, Somatization, Depression, Interpersonal-Sensitivity, Hostility, Psychoticism, Paranoid-Ideation) according to the emerged patterns.MethodThis cross-sectional study was reported by using the STROBE Checklist. Overall, 265 nursing professionals completed self-report measures. Non-hierarchical k-means-cluster-analysis was employed to derive patterns of coping. MANOVAs were used to test differences in Demands, Resources, and Psychopathological Symptoms according to the emerged patterns.ResultsThree stable and meaningful patterns of coping were identified and labelled as Active/Solution-Oriented, Dysregulated/Emotion-focused, and Passive/Disengaged. Nurses belonging to Dysregulated/Emotion-focused group emerged to be at higher risk (higher effort/psychopathological suffering; lower resources) – followed by Passive/Disengaged group – in comparison with nurses belonging to Active/Solution-Oriented group.ConclusionFostering nurses’ awareness of their latent coping patterns and supporting active approaches/emotional regulation strategies for stress management should represent a key goal when defining interventions promoting nurses’ health within/beyond the healthcare settings.

Strategies for coping with citizenship pressure: development of a context-specific scale

ABSTRACT Accumulating empirical evidence suggests that citizenship pressure (CP) in the workplace, the pressure to engage involuntarily in citizenship behaviour, has a detrimental effect on both the individual employee and the organisation. Personal coping strategies for dealing with CP can alleviate the negative effects. The purpose of this study was to develop a context-specific, reliable, and valid measure that could assess specific coping strategies individuals use to deal with CP in the workplace. We conducted a comprehensive inductive and deductive methods that included, firstly, a qualitative procedure of interviews, data analysis, and initial scale generation, and secondly, a quantitative process of construct validation of the measure. The factor structure yielded a 16-item measure, based on EFA and CFA, providing initial support for the utility of the measure as a self-report instrument of coping strategies to deal with CP. The analysis revealed a two-factor structure that describes conceptually meaningful patterns of coping: self-reliance vs. reliance on others. The former depicts nine strategies in which employees solely rely on themselves when coping with CP; and the latter depicts seven strategies in which employees rely on others’ advice, support, or empathy to deal with CP. Applications, limitations, and implications for future research are discussed.