Patterns Of Cooperation Research Articles

Calling a spade a shovel: A cognitive construction account of BE-relativisation

ABSTRACTS Relativisation, a process by which relative clauses are formed, exhibits variability in its internal structure, meaning and interpretation. One form of relativisation is that sort of relative clause in which we directly relate one concept through another concept. The present study identifies and classifies such relativisation as BE-relativisations, and shows the extent to which this sort of relativisation significantly draws on the cognitive abilities of both the speakers and the listeners. Framed within broad theoretical tools in cognitive construction grammar, the study argues that noun phrases (NPs) in BE-relativisation cognitively function as NP1 & NP2. It is shown that these NPs, though lexically independent, are cognitively interdependent for processing purposes. The study further shows that listeners often unconsciously cooperate with speakers in processing different concepts in BE-relativisation. For instance, it is shown that conceptualising NP1 the guys is conceptually the same as NP2 my students in ‘The guys who were my students won the competition’. Drawing on corpus evidence from interference-driven Nigerian and syntactically developed Canadian Englishes, the study shows that BE-relativisations are essentially cognitive-driven, regardless of sociolinguistic background of the speakers/listerners. Among other observations, the study attests scarcity of BE-relativisation and a similar pattern of cognitive activation and cooperation in BE-relativisations found in both varieties of English.

Application of Cooperative Learning Models and Interaction Patterns in an Effort to Improve Student Learning Outcomes

Research with the title Application of Cooperative Learning Models and Interaction Patterns in an effort to improve student learning outcomes in the Junior High School XVIII, South Tangerang Indonesia, in social studies subjects. This research was conducted on seventh grade students of Junior Hight School XVIII, South Tangerang. Indonesia. This research method uses a descriptive quantitative approach, while the research instrument used in this study is a questionnaire. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive statistical test. The results of the study are the results of the application of cooperative learning models and interaction patterns in an effort to improve student learning outcomes, in social studies subjects, as evidenced by the results of statistical tests obtained based on the level of satisfaction, the average value obtained is strongly agree at 31%, agree at 50%, disagree by 18%, answers that strongly disagree obtained a value of 1%. Meanwhile, based on the answers according to the percentage of peer group interaction pattern variables, the average value obtained was 31% strongly agree, 41% agree, 24% disagree and 3% strongly disagree. The results of the answer test based on student achievement in social studies obtained the average value of those who answered strongly agree amounted to 29%, san who answered agreed 47%, and disagreed 22%, and strongly disagreed by 2%.

Cultural Images of Labor Conflict and Coordination: Literature and the Evolution of Industrial Relations Systems

AbstractDenmark, Sweden and the Netherlands have different historical patterns of industrialization, but developed similar patterns of industrial coordination and cooperation. Theories accounting for industrial relations systems (economic structure, power resources, and party/electoral systems) have difficulty accounting for the similarities among these cases. Therefore, we explore the historical depictions of labor appearing in literature to evaluate whether cross-national distinctions in cultural conceptions of labor have some correspondence to distinctions between coordinated and liberal industrial relations systems. We hypothesize that historical literary depictions of labor are associated with the evolution of industrial systems, and apply computational text analyses to large corpora of literary texts. We find that countries (Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands) with coordinated, corporatist industrial relations in the 20th century share similar cultural constructions about labor relations dating back to at least 1770. Literary depictions found in modern coordinated/corporatist countries are significantly different from those found in Britain, a country with liberal/pluralist industrial relations systems. The research has significance for our understanding of the role of culture in the evolution of modern political economies.

Global governance and inter-organizational relationships in the nuclear safety sector

In response to global challenges the interconnectedness between different organizations is seen as the sine qua non, and one of the most important aspects of the organizational environment is cooperation and conflicts between organizations. This paper aims at contributing to an emerging ‘inter-organizational turn’ in world politics by studying the relationship between the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the paper suggests that inter-organizational cooperation and conflict are based on flows of information, trust, resource dependencies, and how responsibilities and roles are divided between organizations. Moreover, the paper indicates that organization type and organization size are important to understand patterns of cooperation and conflicts between organizations operating at the global level, and the paper also suggests that organizational birthmarks are important to understand why tensions are triggered.

The Future of PHM Could be Tiny under Cloud: Exploring Potential Application Patterns of TinyML in PHM Scenarios

Deep learning has shown impressive performance acrosshealth management and prognostics applications. Nowadays, an emerging trend of machine learning deployment on resource constraint hardware devices like micro-controllers(MCU) has aroused much attention. Given the distributed andresource constraint nature of many PHM applications, using tiny machine learning models close to data source sensors for on-device inferences would be beneficial to save both time andadditional hardware resources. Even though there has beenpast works that bring TinyML on MCUs for some PHM ap-plications, they are mainly targeting single data source usage without higher-level data incorporation with cloud computing.We study the impact of potential cooperation patterns betweenTinyML on edge and more powerful computation resources oncloud and how this would make an impact on the application patterns in data-driven prognostics. We introduce potential ap-plications where sensor readings are utilized for system health status prediction including status classification and remaining useful life regression. We find that MCUs and cloud com-puting can be adaptive to different kinds of machine learning models and combined in flexible ways for diverse requirement.Our work also shows limitations of current MCU-based deep learning in data-driven prognostics And we hope our work can

Interrogating cell type-specific cooperation of transcriptional regulators in 3D chromatin

SummaryContext-specific activities of transcription regulators (TRs) in the nucleus modulate spatiotemporal gene expression precisely. Using the largest ChIP-seq data and chromatin loops in the human K562 cell line, we initially interrogated TR cooperation in 3D chromatin via a graphical model and revealed many known and novel TRs manipulating context-specific pathways. To explore TR cooperation across broad tissue/cell types, we systematically leveraged large-scale open chromatin profiles, computational footprinting, and high-resolution chromatin interactions to investigate tissue/cell type-specific TR cooperation. We first delineated a landscape of TR cooperation across 40 human tissue/cell types. Network modularity analyses uncovered the commonality and specificity of TR cooperation in different conditions. We also demonstrated that TR cooperation information can better interpret the disease-causal variants identified by genome-wide association studies and recapitulate cell states during neural development. Our study characterizes shared and unique patterns of TR cooperation associated with the cell type specificity of gene regulation in 3D chromatin.

Physical activity promotion in an urban district: Analyzing the mechanisms of interorganizational cooperation.

Past research has identified the importance of cooperation among community-based organizations from different sectors to address public health problems such as insufficient physical activity. However, little is known about how and why interorganizational cooperation occurs. The present study sought to analyze the structure and emergent patterns of interorganizational cooperation within a network promoting physical activity based in an urban district neighborhood of a city in Southwestern Germany. Survey data on cooperative relations among 61 network organizations and organizational attributes (e.g., possession of sport facilities) were collected. Social network analysis was applied to examine network properties and exponential random graph models were estimated to test hypotheses concerning mechanisms and conditions of cooperative tie formation. The results show that the network of cooperation is sparse but characterized by a tendency for cooperation to occur in triangular structures. Other significant mechanisms of cooperative tie formation are preferential attachment, with the community department for education and sports being the most central network actor, and heterophily regarding the cooperation of organizations from different sectors. This study provides valid and reliable findings on conditions of network formation and significant mechanisms of interorganizational cooperation in the field of physical activity promotion. Knowledge about these mechanisms can help to manage networks effectively and efficiently and reveal potentials for improvement and intensification of interorganizational cooperation in both the present and other research areas of health promotion.

A Cross-cultural Analysis of Two China-US Game Cases and Tobacco Control Compliance

Objectives: This paper aims at exploring the China-US relations by analyzing the communication strategies and game intentions in two case studies and the cultural roots herein. Guided by the water and game theory for intercultural communication (WGICC) and cultural analyses, this study has found that in Case 1, China and the US have established initial win-win ties because of a mutually-beneficial trade system, the US intention to gain international recognition, and the romantic expectations of each other. In Case 2, both countries have suffered great losses due to the US pursuit of reinforced national identity and revitalized conservatism which set the stage for an endless line of plots to contain China. In return, China has been practicing a tit-for-tat strategy backed up with its grand ambition to forge a community with a shared future for mankind and ready to fight against containment and suppression from both the US and its allies. This study suggests an interactive pattern of win-win cooperation based on common needs and similar interests, and loss-loss confrontation based on real and imaginary fear while manifesting that the greatest Dao is expressed in the simplest terms. The findings can shed lighton appreciating China’s efforts in such domestic campaigns as tobacco control compliance and Covid-19 prevention and its diplomatic relations with other nations.

Distinguishing solidarity from identity in studies of nationhood: An alternative to the civic–ethnic dichotomy?

AbstractThis article argues for an analytic distinction between questions of collective identity and questions of solidarity in studies of nationhood. Whereas the former inquiry centres on group classifications and commonalities, the latter examines cooperation and patterns of interaction among group members. Although theoretical discussion of national solidarity is sparse, three central approaches in the field can be highlighted: understanding solidarity as a byproduct of identity, as a relationship between strangers and as an extension of sociability. The distinction between solidarity and identity bears on the much‐disputed dichotomy between ethnic and civic nationalism. Civic nationalism has been widely criticized for failing to account for group boundaries and shared culture. Yet its emphasis on patterns of interaction and cooperation should not be neglected either. Instead of addressing the civic–ethnic dichotomy as two types of national identity, one could benefit from differentiating between epistemological questions about (ethnic‐national) identity and those about (civic‐national) solidarity.

Transregionalization in the Context of Globalization

Transregionalization has already become a powerful trend in world politics. States and regional associations employ transregional initiatives to realize their own and collective interests. This new level of international interaction embraces a wide range of actors and fosters interconnectedness based on geographical proximity but shared functional preferences. Given the opposition between isolationism and disintegration, there is a problem of the relation between transregionalization and globalization. If the processes are unidirectional, then transregionalization is a stage of globalization. If they contradict each other, transregionalization facilitates the creation of new dividing lines.Considering several cases of megaprojects, especially in the Asia-Pacific, the article substantiates the typology of transregionalization, emphasizing its cooperative (inclusive and aimed at global integration) and competitive form (mostly exclusive and impossible to converge with other projects). The author stresses that strengthening functional ties makes transregionalization an adaptive version of globalization driven by common interests and shared views of future global development paths. Intensification of transregional relations is likely to stimulate globalization and integration practices and the participation of state and nonstate actors in global governance.In today’s world politics, transregionalization exists mainly in the form of projects and initiatives. This signifies both difficulties in reaching consensus on further cooperation and conservative states’ policy towards participating in such large-scale associations. However, the very emergence of transregional associations with varying degrees of convergence and institutionalization, promoting specific institutional and economic development and cooperation patterns, strengthens multipolarity of the international system.

Bibliometric Analysis of the Research on Photo-electrocatalysis and Its Possible Application to Wastewater Treatment

Background: Possible applications of photoelectrocatalysis in the field of environmentally sustainable processes have inspired an exponentially increasing number of papers in the last decades. Less frequently, bibliometric analyses are presented, which are especially useful when a considerable amount of data is involved: metadata can be viewed from micro to macro perspective and may suggest ideas for future research. Objective: The objective of this study is to derive information on the research trends and to individuate possible gaps in specific topics, as well information on the authors and their related countries and institutes, and to quantify possible cooperation patterns between them. Methods: In addition to the classic data analyses immediately available on the database, such as the trend of the number of publications per year and the list of the most active authors or countries, the bibliometric analysis has been carried out using the VOSviewer software. Co-authorship and cocitation analyses have been performed, as well as co-occurrence of the keywords explicitly indicated by the authors. Conclusion: Based on the publications in the SCOPUS database, the present work analysed the metadata relating to scientific articles published in the last two decades, dedicated to the research on photo-electrocatalytic processes and their possible application on wastewater treatment. Based on the list of the references present in the examined papers, the co-authorship analysis and the co-citation analysis also allowed the identification of the authors and the publications which have been most influential on the research on the examined topics. Indication has been obtained on the trend of the main topics investigated in time, as well as the current gaps in terms of content-wise and geographic cooperation.

Conflict and cooperation in the age of COVID-19: the Israeli–Palestinian case

Abstract How do disasters influence conflict and diplomacy in conflict areas? The scholarship shows that while they can provide opportunities for cooperation and ‘disaster diplomacy’ between parties to a conflict, they can also intensify tension and hostility. This article uses the Israeli–Palestinian conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, exploring the impact of the crisis on relations between the rival parties and examining the conditions under which an ongoing pandemic might lead to either conflict or cooperation in a conflict area. The research is based on within-case analysis, comparing three conflict arenas: Israel–Palestinian Authority relations in the West Bank; relations between Israel and the Palestinian community in East Jerusalem; and Israel–Hamas government relations in the Gaza strip. The article outlines the possibilities and limitations of ‘disaster diplomacy’ in intractable conflicts and contributes to the literature by identifying how different contexts, relations and actors in each conflict arena affect the development of patterns of conflict and cooperation with regard to the pandemic. The study analyses the factors that shape how the pandemic affects the conflict, and the COVID-19-related diplomacy, in each sub-case, with attention to three main variables: the structure of the conflict arena, domestic politics and the developments in the pandemic. The analysis addresses the unique conditions of an ongoing global pandemic, as opposed to an isolated disaster event, and traces the changing impact of the pandemic on the conflict and on disaster-related cooperation at various stages.

Conflict Contagion: How Interdependence Shapes Patterns of Conflict and Cooperation in Polycentric Systems

Abstract In this article, we bridge and extend concepts from behavioral game theory and the Ecology of Games Theory of Polycentricity (EGT) to test possible mechanisms for conflict contagion across the array of actors and policy forums that constitute a polycentric governance system. We argue that actors who experience conflict in one forum will develop similar strategies in other forums, which then impacts the level of conflict exhibited in within-forum interactions. This behavioral spillover of conflict is a different mechanism than conflict that might be experienced when two forums are addressing the same policy issue(s), which may be characterized by higher or lower levels of conflict. We use survey data collected in the Tampa Bay (FL) and California Delta (CA) water governance systems to examine conflict contagion across forums. Using a series of spatial autoregressive models, we find evidence that co-membership networks serve as a conduit for conflict contagion among forums. Our results show that forum deliberations can be strongly impacted by interactions from other institutions and processes. Consistent with the idea of path dependence, “new” forums are not necessarily independent of the forums they replace, but rather, preexisting levels of conflict and cooperation may constrain available outcomes.

From Human-Human to Human-Machine Cooperation in Manufacturing 4.0

Humans are currently experiencing the fourth industrial revolution called Industry 4.0. This revolution came about with the arrival of new technologies that promise to change the way humans work and interact with each other and with machines. It aims to improve the cooperation between humans and machines for mutual enrichment. This would be done by leveraging human knowledge and experience, and by reactively balancing some complex or complicated tasks with intelligent systems. To achieve this objective, methodological approaches based on experimental studies should be followed to ensure a proper evaluation of human-machine system design choices. This paper proposes an experimental study based on a platform that uses an intelligent manufacturing system made up of mobile robots, autonomous shuttles using the principle of intelligent products, and manufacturing robots in the context of Manufacturing 4.0. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of teamwork human-machine cooperation, performance, and workload of the human operator. The results showed a lower level of participants’ assessment of time demand and physical demand in teamwork conditions. It was also found that the team working improves the subjective human operator Know-how-to-cooperate when controlling the autonomous shuttles. Moreover, the results showed that in addition to the work organization, other personal parameters, such as the frequency of playing video games could affect the performance and state of the human operator. They raised the importance of further analysis to determine cooperative patterns in a group of humans that can be adapted to improve human-machine cooperation.

The dynamics of regional collaborations on firms’ ability to innovate: a business innovation modes approach

PurposeThe literature stresses the importance of collaboration patterns and the role of public funding in regional competitiveness. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of this subject by focusing on two key dynamics of technological cooperation. First, the authors focus on the ability of public funding to support regional technological demand through the promotion of science and technology-based innovation (STI) and innovation based on learning-by-doing, learning-by-using, learning-by-interacting (DUI) cooperation. Second, the authors investigate whether such cooperation patterns influence the companies’ ability to support the development of novel products through the effective transfer of knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThe data used in this longitudinal study are taken from the Basque statistics agency’s (EUSTAT) technological innovation survey, which compiles activities, personnel, funding sources, support institutions and other innovation-related aspects of businesses in the Basque region. The survey was carried out following the methodology of the community innovation survey (CIS). CIS data are used to generate official innovation statistics for the EU and its member countries and have been used extensively for analysis in economics. The sample included an unbalanced panel of 17,431 companies that reported research and development expenditure for the period 2013‐2017.FindingsThe results of the analysis confirm that the relationship between STI cooperation and regional funding is positive (Piñeiro-Antelo and Lois-González, 2019), but regional DUI cooperation will have a greater impact than STI cooperation on a company’s ability to generate novel products. The authors can, therefore, say that public funding is successful at supporting cooperation between science and technology agents and firms but fails to promote the transfer of knowledge and subsequent development of novel products in companies in the region.Practical implicationsFollowing a quadruple helix approach, it is important to underline the need for public policies to strengthen the connections between all the key agents in the ecosystem (where the research community, industry, public sector and citizens are all active actors), promoting technology transfer and dissemination, as well as trust among the parties, absorptive capacity and business access to resources and financing. Thus, the design of public policies should be oriented to support a firm’s innovation, balancing the exploration and exploitation of STI and DUI regional cooperation.Originality/valueThe contribution of this research is threefold. First, it serves to emphasize the importance of the impact of regional innovation systems on business innovation modes and their performance. Second, it takes the study of innovation systems and their impact on companies a step further by examining the impact of public funding on the companies’ ability to explore and exploit regional innovation modes. Thirdly, the authors offer a dynamic view of the region’s ability to support its own demand for technology and study the impact of regional business modes on the firms’ ability to support novel products.

THE DEVELOPMANT STRATEGY OF THE PARTNERSHIP PATTERN BETWEEN PTPN XII KALISANEN PLANTATION WITH PARTNER AND PARTNER WITH FARMER

The Kalisanen Plantation is one of the unit that is managed by PTPN XII who conducts the business in the fields of agribusiness as well as on the natural recources utilization optimizement. The resource that is optimized by Kalisanen Plantation is namely the use of the remaining company’s assets in the form of plantation land by means of partnership to a partner in the form of cooperation. The objectives of this study are: 1) to find out cooperation pattern between partners and PTPN XII Kalisanen Plantation and partners with the farmers, 2) to find out the income earned by farmers with PTPN XII Kalisanen Plantation in the pattern of partnership that is intertwined, 3) to find out the pattern of developmental strategy cooperated between partner and PTPN XII Kalisanen Plantation. The sampling collection method used quota sampling and expert judgment sampling. The data analysis method used descriptive analysis, revenue analysis, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The results showed that: 1) the partnership established by PTPN XII Kalisanen Plantation with partners is called the pattern of business cooperation, while the cooperation between the partners with farmers is called the operational partnership pattern. 2) partners with farmers of one hectare land in a period of one planting is profitable with an income of Rp 9.529.779. 3) priority criterion on partnership development strategy that exists between partner and PTPN XII Kebun Kalisanen is the criteria of land where as the priority alternative is to continue the Kerja Sama Usaha activities of the land. Keywords: Cooperation Pattern, Revenue, Analytic Hierarchy Process

Empty nodes affect conditional cooperation under reinforcement learning

In social dilemmas, individual behavior generally follows the characteristics of conditional cooperation and emotional conditional cooperation. However, it is hard to adequately explain the behavior patterns of conditional cooperation with the evolutionary game theory. This paper introduces expectation-based reinforcement learning methods in the public goods game to investigate and account for the behavior patterns. Instead of letting individuals occupy the entire network as previous studies have done, we focus on studying individual behavior patterns on a network with empty nodes. The results under total population density show the effectivity of our model as they are consistent with those of the previous studies, that is, individuals’ behavior exhibits conditional cooperation and its variant moody conditional cooperation. However, in the network with empty nodes, conditional cooperation shows opposite trends. We finally demonstrate that an appropriate population density can facilitate the maintenance and development of cooperation.

Optimal maintenance service strategy for OEM entering competitive MRO market under opposite patterns

Increasing demand and high profitability of maintenance services in modern industry have prompted original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to enter maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) markets. However, the intensive competition among incumbent independent maintenance providers (IMPs) increases the difficulty of winning market share. Meanwhile, the supply and demand relationship with IMPs on spare parts make it more complicated to obtain higher profit. Hence, an optimal maintenance service strategy (MSS) is urgently needed for OEMs. In addition, independent operation (non-cooperative pattern) and cooperating with incumbent IMP (cooperative pattern) are two entry patterns. It is necessary for OEMs to figure out the optimal MSS under each pattern and the profitability of these two patterns. Therefore, this paper investigates the MSS optimization issue under cooperative and non-cooperative patterns from the perspective of an OEM entering a competitive MRO market. The maintenance service competition is introduced by defining a customer choice model. Moreover, the interaction between maintenance services and spare parts sales is captured in the profit function. Then, a joint decision on price, preventive maintenance (PM) frequency and PM level is unprecedentedly studied under each pattern to maximize the profit. The findings help OEMs enter an MRO market in the most profitable way.

Komunikasi Dalam Kehidupan Beragama Melalui BISINDO

Living in a social and religious life, you will find very rapid differences in communication between Deaf and Hearing Friends. So that each individual must respect and respect each other. In this way, religious harmony will be realized. Listeners can learn BISINDO so they can communicate with Deaf Friends. Listening friends can learn starting from the easiest, namely recognizing letters and numbers. Because through letters and numbers can provide symbols that are very useful in communication. Communication is a basic human activity. There is not an individual who will not be involved in communication. In this relationship in communication, it is in the form of tolerance and information between religious communities which are the core elements of limited religious harmony within the internal environment of a religion. Meanwhile, horizontal relationships, or patterns of human relations with each other or humans with surrounding communities of different cultures, races, religions, be it in the form of social cooperation or individual patterns with individuals to build a stronger sense of brotherhood. A society with a social and religious life definitely needs communication. Even though the communication occurred between Listening Friends and Deaf Friends. All activities that occur in religious life cannot be separated from the communication from the communicator to the communicant. A deaf friend who uses BISINDO as a communicant has the right to know what information he gets from other people. In a diverse life, Teman Deaf also has the right to receive religious teachings that he believes in.

Working Relations of the Village Head and the Village Consultative Body in the Village Funds Utilization

This study aims to identify the relationship between the village head and the Village Consultative Body (BPD) in the use of village funds in the village of Karang Jaya, Namlea District, and explain the influence on the development of village communities. The problem is focused on the use of village funds which should be a stimulus for development in each village, but, in management, there are often problems that hinder village development. This study seeks to see and get deeper into the relationship that has been built between the village head and the BPD in the village of Karang Jaya. The approach used in this study uses a qualitative approach. The number of informants who will be interviewed is 15 people taken purposively, considering that respondents are regarded as related parties to achieve the research objectives. Researchers used observational data collection techniques and in-depth interviews to obtain data on the implementation of the village fund program. The analysis technique used in this research is qualitative data analysis following the concepts given by Miles and Huberman, and Spradley. This study concludes that the parallel relationship pattern between the BPD and the village head in the management of the village government as regulated in the legislation, it turns out that in its implementation, there is enough response so that the working relationship becomes harmonious and leads to a pattern of cooperation and shows a tendency to share tasks that are parallel between the heads. Villages and BPD in the use of village funds.