Patterns Of College Students Research Articles

Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Sleep Patterns in University Students in Pakistan

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of smartphone addiction on sleep patterns in university students in Pakistan. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study on the impact of smartphone addiction on sleep patterns in university students in Pakistan reveals that excessive smartphone use significantly disrupts sleep quality and duration. Findings indicate that students with high smartphone addiction levels experience delayed sleep onset, reduced total sleep time, and increased sleep disturbances. The use of smartphones before bedtime, particularly for social media and gaming, correlates with poorer sleep outcomes and higher instances of insomnia. The research highlights that smartphone addiction is linked to increased sleep latency and diminished sleep efficiency. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of planned behavior (TPB), cognitive behavioral theory (CBT) & uses and gratifications Theory (UGT) may be used to anchor future studies on the impact of smartphone addiction on sleep patterns in university students in Pakistan. Universities should implement educational programs that raise awareness about the negative impacts of excessive smartphone use on sleep and overall well-being. Universities should establish policies that limit smartphone use in certain contexts, such as during lectures and in dormitories after certain hours.

Applying computer vision techniques to depression symptomatology through eye blink patterns in university students

ABSTRACT Objective The increasing rate of depression among university students is a cause of great concern worldwide. With the recent growth in computer vision technology, eye movement features are proving beneficial in the assessment of depression owing to their non-invasiveness. Our objective was to determine the presence of depression through emotional elicitation by studying blink patterns in a student population. Method The blink data of 50 university students (26 males, 24 females) from different regions of the country within the age group of 21–26 years were collected using an experimental setup. Results Statistical tests on blink data revealed that blink rate changes with changes in emotion from joy to sadness or vice versa, irrespective of one’s depression status. Another explanation is that the blink rates of the healthy and depressed groups differed significantly during sad emotional states. The tests also indicated a half-closed eye state as a possible symptom of depression. Conclusions These findings suggest that the prevalence of mental health problems can be detected at an early stage by designing simple non-invasive procedures, such as blink pattern analysis driven by technology and expert advice, which will help prevent the further development of such illnesses.

“It makes you feel like more of a person:” The leisure reading habits of university students in the US and UK and how academic libraries can support them

A study that explores the leisure reading habits and leisure collection use patterns of university students in the United States and United Kingdom. Ninety-eight students on ten university campuses (five in each country) were interviewed about their reading habits and observations were conducted at each campus. Results demonstrated that most university students interviewed do read for leisure, despite the persistent narrative in academic literature and popular media to the contrary. It does not necessarily follow that student readers will use their university library for this purpose simply because it has a leisure collection. Future research on student reading and practical recommendations for academic libraries with leisure collections are discussed.

A-68 The Relationship Between Brain Injury And Substance Use Patterns In University Students

Abstract Purpose Our prior research has suggested that athletes with history of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are at greater risk of single and polysubstance use. The present study further explored the factors associated with this relationship in a large undergraduate population. Methods 894 university students (44% athletes) completed self-reported TBI history (blows to the head or whiplash causing loss of consciousness or memory, or feeling dazed), substance use (Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Tests (AUDIT; CUDIT)) and psychological measures. Relationships between these factors were examined using linear regression models. Results 200 (22.4%) students reported a history of one or more TBIs (45.63% sport-related). TBI history predicted current cannabis and alcohol use, with those with a history of multiple TBIs reporting more problematic use of each substance (ps<.01) as well as greater polysubstance use (p<.001). Past history of depression predicted more problematic cannabis use (p=.007), while past history of anxiety and depression predicted more problematic alcohol use. When examining multiple factors associated with use, history of TBIs (p=.008) and higher current depression symptoms (p=.006) predicted more problematic cannabis use, whereas for alcohol users, history of TBI and female sex was related to more problematic use (p=.041). Conclusions History of TBI predicts higher levels of substance use and polysubstance use and increased number of TBIs and mental health problems may be related to greater risk of hazardous substance use. Consideration of TBI history is essential for identifying players at risk for engaging in problematic behaviours such as hazardous substance use.

Racial disparities in lifestyle habits and dietary patterns in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

To evaluate lifestyle habits and dietary patterns among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and their association with skin color. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1315 undergraduate students from a public higher education institution. Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and food consumption were collected. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns and multivariate logistic regression was conducted to estimate the associations between race/skin color and outcomes. Black individuals were less likely to show behaviors associated with the use of cigarettes or tobacco products (OR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.42-0.89). However, black individuals with higher income (greater than, or equal to one minimum wage per person) were less likely to show behaviors associated with illicit drug use (OR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.31-0.96), use of cigarettes or tobacco products (OR = 0.46; 95% CI 0.24-0.87) and alcohol consumption (OR = 0.64; CI 95% 0.42-0.98). In addition, individuals of race/skin color black with lower income (less than one minimum wage per person) showed decreased consumption of vegetables (OR = 0.68; CI 95% 0.48-0.96). Black college students with higher income were less likely to show undesirable behaviors related to the use of psychoactive substances. In contrast, individuals with lower income had lower consumption of foods from the vegetable group, which can be considered an unfavorable health-related behavior.

Work-related coping behaviour and experience patterns in university students: a review of 20 years of research.

Work-related coping behaviour and experience patterns (WCEP) is the conceptualisation of personal experience with occupational stress and of the typical behavioural responses for coping with such stress. The objective of this review, which is based on 69 references that used the WCEP inventory in university students, is to offer a comprehensive overview of the findings on WCEP and their correlates in the student population. The results of the published studies consistently show that female students, teacher education students (compared to medical students) and students who receive insufficient social and financial support are at greater risk for being assigned to work-related patterns that indicate vulnerability to burnout and occupational health issues. Moreover, students assigned to these patterns, especially to the resigned (burnout) pattern, are prone to manifest other negative characteristics, such as less adaptive personality traits and coping strategies, vulnerability to stress, lower quality motivation, lack of commitment to the chosen career and suitability for the profession, and impaired physical and mental health. In contrast, the most desirable correlates, such as adaptive personality traits, higher quality motivation, commitment to the chosen career, suitability for the profession, stress resistance, adaptive coping and better physical and mental health, were related to the healthy ambitious pattern. Nevertheless, further research is needed to analyse work-related coping behaviour and experience patterns beyond the German speaking population to increase the generalisability of the findings.

Back and neck problems as well as disadvantageous ergonomic behavior patterns in university students: Concomitants of the pandemic?

Back and neck problems as well as disadvantageous ergonomic behavior patterns in university students: Concomitants of the pandemic?

Patterns of University Students' Risky Sexual Experiences and Their Characteristics.

In Poland, there is little research on university students' risky sexual behaviours. Additionally, existing studies analyse the behaviours selectively and do not group them into clusters. Hence, effective prevention is impossible. The research aims to gather information regarding the prevalence, forms and clusters of students' risky sexual experiences. In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 universities in south-eastern Poland on a random sample (n = 2764). Fifteen risky sexual experiences, both condom-protected and unprotected, were analysed; they were mainly unprotected vaginal, oral, anal contacts; protected and unprotected sexual experiences while intoxicated and with unknown persons. Thanks Ward's hierarchical method, four inseparable clusters of students with similar risky experiences were distinguished. Their dominant features were: (A) (24% of interviewees)-drunk partners, (B) (4.8%)-partners intoxicated with drugs, (C) (3.1%)-partner abuse and exceeding partner sexual norms, (D) (17.8%)-the anonymity of partners and going beyond the convention. It was stated that 60.3% of the respondents do not belong to any of the identified clusters. Sex education and the promotion of student sexual health should be intensified; the development of attitudes of avoiding risky sexual behaviours and dealing with their consequences should be considered.

Project-based Learning in The Relationship of Motivation and Critical Thinking to The Competence of Electrical Engineering Students

Abstract: Project-based learning (PjBL) is a meaningful learning model in empowering and developing the skills of college students. PjBL will affect the motivation and critical thinking patterns of college students towards the achievement of 21stcentury competencies. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between motivation and critical thinking on the competence of electrical through project-based learning. The research method uses a qualitative approach with an explanatory type. The research respondents were 302 final-year Electrical Engineering students from 5 universities with the competence of Electrical Installation Automation. The research instrument used a student response questionnaire type of measures of typical performance (MTP). The results of the statistical analysis test using SEM-PLS obtained a positive RSquare (indicator reliability) value of 0.961 or 96% having predictive relevance, meaning that motivation and critical thinking have a positive and significant impact on the competence of Electrical Engineering students. Keywords: Project-based learning, motivation, critical thinking, competency, electrical installation automation

Sleep and diet patterns of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns

Introduction: College students experience high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress during the academic year as they juggle the competing demands of young adulthood and their studies. The COVID-19 pandemic heightened this experience. Healthful diets and sleep patterns are associated with improved physical and mental well-being. Purpose: Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify if there was a relationship between changes in sleep and diet during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A group of college students was surveyed online using Qualtrics software during the first two months of lockdown restrictions at a large, midwestern university in the United States. Results: More participants reported no changes in diet and increased hours of sleep than reported declines or improvements in diet, or reductions or retained sleep patterns. Participants who maintained their diet were likely to maintain their current sleep pattern. Conclusion: College students demonstrated resilience in healthful behaviors during the first two months of COVID-19 lockdown.

Age and Fieldwork Experience Increase Brazilian University Students’ Ability to Identify Wild Mammals

A lack of engagement with the natural environment can reduce awareness of issues surrounding environmental and biodiversity conservation. Therefore, to increase students’ awareness, science teachers should develop activities related to biodiversity, bringing students into closer connection with the natural environment. This study evaluated the ability of 115 Brazilian university students’ to identify native and alien wild mammals. Patterns in university students’ ability to identify species were predicted by a combination of variables (university-level, age, gender, experience linked to countryside, family farming, fishing, and hunting). Students correctly identified alien mammals more frequently than native mammals. We found distinct groups of species in function of students’ experience (university-level, age group, fishing, and hunting). In addition, we found that the correct identification of native species was mainly associated with older male students who go regularly to the countryside, and participate in activities linked to farming, fishing, and hunting. Our findings support those from previous studies that show fieldwork classes are essential to increase the contact of an increasingly urbanized society with the local natural environment. We suggest that inclusion of fieldwork is necessary for the development of university students’ awareness regarding the richness of native mammal species and consequently, the importance of their conservation.

Snacking pattern of college students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAlthough unhealthy snack foods are commonly consumed by college students, snacking patterns among college students have not been comprehensively examined in Saudi Arabia. In our study, we aimed to investigate snacking patterns among Saudi college students and to assess sociodemographic data that affect adherence to these snacking patterns.MethodsBetween January 2021 and March 2021 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, an online survey was conducted with 662 college students from a Saudi university. The survey included sociodemographic questions and a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) regarding the consumption of common snack foods. Snacking patterns were generated from the FFQ using the factor analysis method.ResultsFactor analyses generated seven snacking patterns, which explained 64.5% of the variance in snacking. Students in their early academic years (1–3 years) had a higher score for the convenience snack and fast-food pattern (0.22 ± 0.48 and 0.31 ± 0.52, respectively) than senior students (4–6 years) (P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Healthy snacks patterns were higher among students at higher income levels (P = 0.006) and active students (P < 0.001) than among students at low- or mid-income levels and inactive students. Higher adherence to the beverages pattern was observed among male students (P = 0.03), active students (P = 0.01), and students with obesity than their counterparts (P = 0.02). The dairy products pattern was higher among male students (P = 0.04), students at higher income levels (P = 0.04), and students with obesity (P = 0.03) than their counterparts.ConclusionsMost snacking patterns identified among the study participants were considered unhealthy. Adherence to healthy snacks is influenced by physical activity and family income. These findings may be helpful in the future for developing adequate nutrition education programs that promote health by adhering to healthy snack choices in this critical age group. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate snacking patterns among other age groups in Saudi Arabia.

Time-use, occupational balance, and temporal life satisfaction of university students in Turkey during isolation period of COVID-19

ABSTRACT People all over the world have needed to adapt to social distancing, movement restrictions, and change in life routines due to Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). This study aimed to explore the relationships between time-use, occupational balance, and temporal life satisfaction of university students in Turkey during the social isolation period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted online in May 2020, with 128 university students of a Turkish university with the mean age of 20.27 ± 1.49 years (Min. 18 - Max. 26 years old) from 37 cities. The measures used were the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ), the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale (TSWLS), and a customized question about the time-use of the students in specific occupational domains. The results indicated that individuals with lower occupational balance had less present life satisfaction (p < .001). While the time allocated to study lessons, socialization, and exercise had small positive correlations with OBQ (p <.01), watching TV had a negative correlation with OBQ (p <.05) and with ‘present TSWLS’ (p <.01). The mean value of ‘present TSWLS’ (15.45 ± 7.54) was lower than ‘past TSWLS’ (21.57 ± 6.27) and ‘future TSWLS’ (22.64 ± 4.60). Evaluation of occupational balance and the time use patterns of university students during the isolation periods could be important due to its relationship with life satisfaction. This issue raises the potential need for preventive occupation-based interventions to address the mental health of the community.

Smartphone Use Pattern of College Students in Relation to Gender, Residential Locality and Academic Streams

Smartphone Use Pattern of College Students in Relation to Gender, Residential Locality and Academic Streams

Physical activity and its association with Mediterranean diet patterns among Spanish university students.

Objective: the aim of the present study was to assess the level of physical activity and its association with Mediterranean dietary patterns in university students of health sciences at Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Method: a cross-sectional study was performed through an online survey. The final sample consisted of 555 university students (78.2 % females). Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed using the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). To measure physical activity, the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA) questionnaire was used. Results: according to physical activity, 2.5 % of the participants were considered active and 35.1 % did both strength and flexibility activities. A greater association was seen between intake of fruits (OR = 1.95; 95 % CI, 1.25-3.04), pulses (OR = 1.51; 95 % CI, 1.00-3.20), and nuts (OR = 1.99; 95 % CI, 1.33-2.99) in those considered sufficiently active. Similarly, we found a significant relationship between the intake of fruits (OR = 2.28; 95 % CI, 1.49-3.47), pulses (OR = 1.41; 95 % CI, 1.00-2.08), nuts (OR = 1.96; 95 % CI, 1.34-2.86), and fish/seafood (OR = 1.67; 95 % CI, 1.15-2.43) in those who engaged in both strength and flexibility activities. Conclusion: this study suggests that consumption of certain Mediterranean foods was associated with higher levels of physical activity in a sample of Spanish university students.

Smartphone Use Pattern of College Students in Relation to Gender, Residential Locality and Academic Streams

Smartphone Use Pattern of College Students in Relation to Gender, Residential Locality and Academic Streams

Level of Anxiety-State as a factor in changing eating patterns in college students: NUTSAU Study

With the purpose of identifying eating patterns of university students at a federal university in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a cross-sectional analysis of food consumption data was stratified by anxiety symptom scores of 147 students enrolled in the second semester of several undergraduate courses in the second semester of 2015. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory determined the anxiety symptoms scores. A food frequency questionnaire was applied to obtain food consumption data. Students were stratified into two groups, using the median state anxiety score as cutoff point. For each group, some dietary patterns were derived by the application of the principal component analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software. The university students presented a median state-anxiety score of 43 points, and it was significantly higher in women. Three dietary patterns were identified for each group according to their nutritional characteristics, among which “Mixed 1”, “Healthy” and “Rice and Beans” for the less anxious students and “Western”, “Mixed 2” and “Rice and Beans” for the most anxious students. The results showed that it was possible to identify consistent food patterns for both, using a factorial analysis method. Students with the highest anxiety-state scores had a pronounced Western eating pattern, and those least anxious students had higher consumption of healthier food groups and lower consumption of caffeinated beverages. Although this is a cross-sectional analysis, it can contribute to optimize nutritional intervention for this population.

Broadcast Media Entertainment and Attitude Cultivation: A Study of Obscene Programme Viewership by College Students

This study examined broadcast media entertainment and attitude cultivation, a study of behavioural patterns of College Students. It is a survey designs study that investigated undergraduate communication students of The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State and Moshood Abiola Polytechnics, Ogun State. Systematic random sampling was adopted to select a sample size of three hundred (300) communication students of the two institutions as respondents for this study. Programmes such as films, soap operas and musicals, etcetera were units considered. The theoretical framework is premised on the cultivation theory and gratification theory. Its analysis was hinged on the simple percentage statistical calculation. The study outcome showed that youth crave satisfaction in the entertainment programmes they watch and that entertainment programmes like musical videos, foreign and local drama do portray obscenity which brings about delinquent behaviour in the younger generation. It was recommended that producers and directors of entertainment products should be conscious of young people who form the chunk of their audience to eliminate obscenity in programme production, while parents should control the level of media exposure of their wards

Habits and patterns of university students’ exposure to television programs on fitness and beauty, a field study of a sample of Baghdad University students

The media is developing at an imaginary speed, and television is often the most widely used means by the general public, and one of the most important contemporary means of communication that man uses continuously (From the Kaiser family foundation). Therefore, the viewer is exposed to television and uses it, but for a certain purpose, and this use differs from one person to another. There are those who are exposed to television to develop the political dimension, so they find politics is the demand that they seek and want to satisfy, and we may find another person who loves sports and loves football or car racing. Others watch, and some viewers tend to have fun and fill their free time in any way, so they find entertainment is the best way to fill their time, and so on.This has led to the emergence of specialized satellite stations that seek to focus on one aspect of life, with interest in other aspects, but to a lesser extent. We have political, religious, sports, economic, lyrical, entertainment channels, etc., each of which specializes in its field. Its exposure, and with the spread of these specialized satellite channels, sports and cosmetic channels that focus on specialization in a large way, especially with regard to university students from a physical point of view, including sports channels specialized in fitness, diet, skin care, and other such channels, and the goal of this specialization is to attract the largest Number of viewers committed to these programs.

The relationship between the risk of eating disorder and meal patterns in University students.

This study was carried out to evaluate the relation between meal patterns and the risk of eating disorders in university students. The study was conducted on a total of 331 volunteer students with a mean age of 22.08 ± 1.80years, 56.5% female. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics, health information and eating habits like meal skipping and dieting were questioned. Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) Eating Disorders Scale and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were used to determine eating behavior disorders, with face to face interviews by the researches. A significant correlation was found between dieting and skipping meals and the risk of eating disorders in both genders (p < 0.05). In addition, when the reasons for skipping meals were questioned, a significant relationship was detected between skipping meals and eating behaviour disorders by 3.285 times (p = 0.000). Also, every unit of increase in body mass index (BMI) values of individuals who participated to the study led to an increase in eating disorders by a factor of 1.262 (p = 0.000). Our findings support concerns about the negative health effects of increasing overweight among university students in accordance with the data that the increase in BMI values led to an increase in eating disorders. Notably a significant correlation was found between dieting, skipping meals and the risk of eating disorders in both genders it is highlighting the need for monitoring and early diagnosis of eating disorders in youth with simple scales like SCOFF. Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.