Two indirect indices for measuring relative overwinter survival and annual productivity (reproduction plus spring-fall survival) are described for Wisconsin pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). These are applicable to any species in which indices of both spring and fall density are available. Overwinter survival is indicated by the ratio of spring population index to the density index of the previous fall. Productivity is measured by the ratio of fall density measurement to that of the spring population in the same year. These ratios, when correlated with fall and spring densities, indicate the degree to which overwinter survival and productivity are related to population density. Applied to statewide Wisconsin pheasant data (with spring hen indices based on crowing-cock counts X winter sex ratios, and cock-kill estimates serving as fall density indices), this approach suggests that overwinter mortality is not appreciably density dependent and spring densities are a function of the preceding fall levels. Productivity is inversely correlated with breeding density, but the variations occur within limits and fall density is a function of the spring breeding population. This paper describes a method for deriving indices of overwinter survival and productivity in statewide Wisconsin pheasant populations with the use of spring and fall population indices. We also present insights which the analyses permit into regulatory mechanisms within this population. In most species of upland game, annual mortality and survival rates can be approximated from fall population indices and age ratios. However, in many cases we do not have reliable estimates of the seasonal pattern of mortality and annual variations therein. Where actual counts of fall and spring numbers are possible, overwinter loss can be estimated simply by comparing the two (for example, Errington 1945). But in most species, particularly over large geographic areas, we more commonly measure populations with such relative indices as kill estimates and roadside counts. The method here described derives relative indices of overwinter survival that are applicable to any species in which spring and fall population indices are available. Productivity measurements are generally available in upland game species through nesting, brood, or age-ratio studies. The prese t method describes a simple means for measuring productivity, again with the use o ly of semiannual population indices and without the need for specialized productivity surveys.