Family Patterns Research Articles

Family inequality: On the changing educational gradient of family patterns in Western Germany

Family inequality: On the changing educational gradient of family patterns in Western Germany

The Neglected Role of Domestic Migration on Family Patterns in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1950-2000.

Urbanization has played a key role in shaping twentieth-century demographic changes in Latin America and the Caribbean (LACar). As a result, scholarly research on domestic migration and the family has primarily focused on fertility differentials by migration status in urban areas, finding a robust negative correlation between internal migration and fertility. This research has overlooked how this relationship varies across types of migration flows other than rural-to-urban migration and by women's age at migration and social class. Additionally, not enough attention has been paid to the family formation and dissolution trajectories underlying the lower fertility of rural migrants. I use a life-course inductive approach to examine these overlooked aspects among women from 10 LACar countries, including the three largest countries by population. Using retrospective information on women's childbearing and marital histories from the Demographic and Health Surveys, I build an eight-category typology of family paths and study the conditional distribution of this typology by women's age at migration, educational attainment, and origin/destination area. This examination demonstrates that social class is the primary source of differentiation across family formation and dissolution trajectories and that low-class young rural migrants played a crucial role in the demographic transformations that occurred in the region.

Four ciliate-specific expansion events occurred during actin gene family evolution of eukaryotes

Actin gene family is a divergent and ancient eukaryotic cellular cytoskeletal gene family, and participates in many essential cellular processes. Ciliated protists offer us an excellent opportunity to investigate gene family evolution, since their gene families evolved faster in ciliates than in other eukaryotes. Nonetheless, actin gene family is well studied in few model ciliate species but little is known about its evolutionary patterns in ciliates. Here, we analyzed the evolutionary pattern of eukaryotic actin gene family based on genomes/transcriptomes of 36 species covering ten ciliate classes, as well as those of nine non-ciliate eukaryotic species. Results showed: (1) Except for conventional actins and actin-related proteins (Arps) shared by various eukaryotes, at least four ciliate-specific subfamilies occurred during evolution of actin gene family. Expansions of Act2 and ArpC were supposed to have happened in the ciliate common ancestor, while expansions of ActI and ActII may have occurred in the ancestor of Armophorea, Muranotrichea, and Spirotrichea. (2) The number of actin isoforms varied greatly among ciliate species. Environmental adaptability, whole genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplication events, distinct spatial and temporal patterns of expression might play driving forces for the variation of isoform numbers. (3) The ‘birth and death’ model of evolution could explain the evolution of actin gene family in ciliates. And actin genes have been generally under strong negative selection to maintain protein structures and physiological functions. Collectively, we provided meaningful information for understanding the evolution of eukaryotic actin gene family.

Protective and Risk Factors of Peer Victimization among Adolescents: A Perspective from Victims

Peer victimization occurs when inappropriate behavior deviant from the social moral norm is conducted repeatedly, causing detrimental harm to victims. Growing numbers of studies cast focus on the deleterious consequences of peer victimization and the factors associated with it. The current study reviews previous research and summarizes risk and protective factors linked to peer victimization from a victim's perspective with a focus on social resources, psychological resources, parent-child relationships, and the peer selection process. The popularity enjoyed by adolescents is a protective factor against peer victimization, while peer rejection increases the likelihood of victimization. The number of friends buffers peer victimization, whereas quality's role is unclear. Shyness and internalizing problems increase peer victimization, both of which signal the submissiveness of victims in social interaction and thus be viewed as a weak target. A negative family pattern such as parental psychological control and child maltreatment put adolescents at risk of peer victimization by suppressing autonomy and a deficit of functional social skills, respectively. In addition, the dilemma faced by a victimized individual or internalizing adolescent caused by peer selection is discussed, which implies that the group of people is facing more obstacles in building peer social resources, yet they need it more imperatively. Interventions should be further explored and targeted at the risk and protective factors reviewed in the current study.

Genome-Wide Analysis and Abiotic Stress-Responsive Patterns of COBRA-like Gene Family in Liriodendron chinense.

The COBRA gene encodes a plant-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein (GAP), which plays an important role in cell wall cellulose deposition. In this study, a total of 7 COBRA-like (COBL) genes were identified in the genome of the rare and endangered woody plant Liriodendron chinense (L. chinense). Phylogenetic analysis showed that these LcCOBL genes can be divided into two subfamilies, i.e., SF I and II. In the conserved motif analysis of two subfamilies, SF I contained 10 predicted motifs, while SF II contained 4-6 motifs. The tissue-specific expression patterns showed that LcCOBL5 was highly expressed in the phloem and xylem, indicating its potential role in cellulose biosynthesis. In addition, the cis-element analysis and abiotic stress transcriptomes showed that three LcCOBLs, LcCOBL3, LcCOBL4 and LcCOBL5, transcriptionally responded to abiotic stresses, including cold, drought and heat stress. In particular, the quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis further confirmed that the LcCOBL3 gene was significantly upregulated in response to cold stress and peaked at 24-48 h, hinting at its potential role in the mechanism of cold resistance in L. chinense. Moreover, GFP-fused LcCOBL2, LcCOBL4 and LcCOBL5 were found to be localized in the cytomembrane. In summary, we expect these results to be beneficial for research on both the functions of LcCOBL genes and resistance breeding in L. chinense.

PD18-02 DESCRIBING PATTERNS OF FAMILIAL CANCER RISK IN SUBFERTILE MEN USING POPULATION PEDIGREE DATA

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD18-02 DESCRIBING PATTERNS OF FAMILIAL CANCER RISK IN SUBFERTILE MEN USING POPULATION PEDIGREE DATA Joemy Ramsay, Joshua Horns, Benjamin Emery, Kenneth Aston, and James Hotaling Joemy RamsayJoemy Ramsay More articles by this author , Joshua HornsJoshua Horns More articles by this author , Benjamin EmeryBenjamin Emery More articles by this author , Kenneth AstonKenneth Aston More articles by this author , and James HotalingJames Hotaling More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003273.02AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Subfertile men and their relatives show increased risk for certain cancers including testis, pediatric leukemia/lymphoma, thyroid, and prostate. We assessed risk for multiple cancers simultaneously to identify distinct familial multicancer patterns (FMPs) in azoospermic and oligozoospermic men. METHODS: We identified azoospermic (N=809) and oligozoospermic (N=669) men in the Subfertility, Health and Assisted Reproduction (SHARE) cohort and their family members out to third-degree relatives (azoo: N=27,148; oligo: N=23,626). Cancer cases were identified using the Utah Cancer Registry, a population-based SEER registry with statewide cancer records from 1966. Families with ≥10 individuals who lived in Utah for ≥1 year 1966-2017 were included in the analysis (azoo: N=426 families, 21,361 individuals; oligo: N=360 families, 18,818 individuals). The famcluster R package was used to cluster families on familial standardized incidence ratios (FSIRs). FSIRs were calculated across 34 cancer types and a weighted Gower distance with k-mediods clustering (k=2:20) was used to identify FMPs. k was selected using silhouette plots and consensus clusters with 1,000 bootstrap replicates. FMPs were assessed separately for azoospermia and oligospermia families. RESULTS: 13 FMPs were identified in azoospermia families and 12 FMPs in oligozoospermia families. Distinct overall patterns of familial cancer were observed between azoospermia and oligozoospermia families (Table 1). 12 out of 13 FMPs (36% of families) showed significantly increased risk for ≥1 cancer in azoospermia families and 11 out of 12 FMPs (40% of the families) showed significantly increased cancer risk in oligozoospermia families (Figure 1). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis described FMPs for subfertile men, with 36-40% of families showing elevated risk for ≥1 cancer. FMPs were unique between azoospermia and oligozoospermia families, suggesting heterogeneity in familial cancer risk by both type of subfertility and within subfertility type. Source of Funding: GEMS: Genomic approach to connecting Elevated germline Mutation rates with male infertility and Somatic health NICHD: R01 HD106112 © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e502 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Joemy Ramsay More articles by this author Joshua Horns More articles by this author Benjamin Emery More articles by this author Kenneth Aston More articles by this author James Hotaling More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Problems of the family institution in the youth environment

The problems of the family institution are reflected in the family values transformation. The patterns of family and marriage relations which are traditional for historical Russia come into conflict with modern realities. This transformation affects primarily the youth environment, putting young people in front of a tough choice between socially approved career growth and a quiet feat inconspicuous to the world within family relationships. The all-Russian study “Self-regulation of the Life of Young People in a Changing Social Reality”, conducted in the fall of 2020, revealed problematic aspects of marital relations. The traditional values of the family, which are historically common for Russia, are opposed to a set of modern values characteristic of the liberal model and sometimes inferior to the latter. The course laid down by the founders of communism to eliminate the monogamous family as an economic unit of society gives its late shoots refracting in the individualization of society, leveling the significance of official marriage unions and reducing the number of children in families. The results of the all-Russian sociological survey of young people make it possible to identify the real marital status of young people in Russia and to consider its models. The article analyzes the prevalence of so-called “civil marriages” and the correction of attitudes towards them by official bodies. The author gives the rationale for the growing popularity of the “Japanese model” in marital relations, as well as the reasons that push young people to short-term marriage unions fraught with loneliness. The nature of young people relationship with their parents is considered and different generations of youth are compared. The idea of the respondents about the meaning of the family is investigated and the main motives for marriage are established. The number of children in modern youth families is revealed and trends in various social groups are analyzed. Conclusions are drawn about the instability of the family institution in the modern world and the need to protect it by the state.

Expression Patterns of HOX Gene Family Defines Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathophysiology is prevalently related with HOX genes. However, the study on associations of extensive HOX genes with tumor microenvironment and drug sensitivity of HCC remains scarce. The data sets of HCC were downloaded from TCGA, ICGC, and GEO by bioinformatics method and analyzed. Based on a computational frame, HCC samples were divided into a high and a low HOXscore group, and significantly shorter survival time in the high HOXscore was observed relative to low HOXscore group using survival analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the high HOXscore group was more likely to be enriched in cancer-specific pathways. Furthermore, the high HOXscore group was involved in the infiltration of inhibitory immune cells. In response to anti-cancer drugs, the high HOXscore group was more sensitive to mitomycin and cisplatin. Importantly, the HOXscore was associated with the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade, suggesting that the development of potential drugs targeting these HOX genes to aid the clinical benefits of immunotherapy is needed. In addition, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry showed 10 HOX genes mRNA expression was higher in HCC compared to the normal tissues. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of HOX genes family in HCC and revealed the potential function of these HOX genes family in tumor microenvironment (TME) and identified their therapeutic liability in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Eventually, this work highlights the cross-talk and potential clinical utility of HOX genes family in HCC therapy.

Classification of four-qubit entangled states via machine learning

We apply the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to derive a set of entanglement witnesses (EW) to identify entanglement patterns in families of four-qubit states. The effectiveness of SVM for practical EW implementations stems from the coarse-grained description of families of equivalent entangled quantum states. The equivalence criteria in our work is based on the stochastic local operations and classical communication classification and the description of the four-qubit entangled Werner states. We numerically verify that the SVM approach provides an effective tool to address the entanglement witness problem when the coarse-grained description of a given family state is available. We also discuss and demonstrate the efficiency of nonlinear kernel SVM methods as applied to four-qubit entangled state classification.

AT-Hook Transcription Factors Show Functions in Liriodendron chinense under Drought Stress and Somatic Embryogenesis.

AT-hook motif nuclear localized (AHL) is a transcription factor that can directly induce plant somatic embryogenesis without adding exogenous hormones. One of its functional domains, the AT-hook motif, has a chromatin-modifying function and participates in various cellular processes, including DNA replication and repair and gene transcription leading to cell growth. Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sargent is an important ornamental and timber tree in China. However, its low drought-resistant ability further leads to a low natural growth rate of its population. Based on bioinformatics analysis, this study identified a total of 21 LcAHLs in L. chinense. To explore the expression pattern of the AHL gene family under drought and somatic embryogenesis, we performed a systematic analysis including basic characteristics, gene structure, chromosome localization, replication event, cis-acting elements and phylogenetic analyses. According to the phylogenetic tree, the 21 LcAHL genes are divided into three separate clades (Clade I, II, and III). Cis-acting element analysis indicated the involvement of the LcAHL genes in drought, cold, light, and auxin regulation. In the generated drought stress transcriptome, a total of eight LcAHL genes showed increased expression levels, with their expression peaking at 3 h and leveling off after 1 d. Nearly all LcAHL genes were highly expressed in the process of somatic embryogenesis. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the LcAHL gene family and found that LcAHLs take part in resistance to drought stress and the development of somatic embryos. These findings will provide an important theoretical basis for understanding of the LcAHL gene function.

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Competency Based Teaching on Knowledge regarding effects of Social Media Addiction on Health and Academic Performance among School Children of Selected School of Hubballi

The youth of today is the future of tomorrow. Besides education for citizenship, one needs to develop all the potentialities including physical, mental, social and spiritual and must prepare himself for not a single citizenship, but as four allied and inter-dependent types of citizenships of family, schools, country and world. The condition at home is changing the pattern of family and parents are anxious about the welfare of their children.1 They are encouraged on all sides by magazines, newspapers, radio and television to develop their child into a strong, healthy, stable minded adult but children are using technology and the internet for a large part of the day, from the internet and social media, to phones, apps, games, and other types of technology.An evaluative study was conducted among 50 school children’s of selected schools of Hubballi-Dharwad. Probability; Simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample and data was collected by structured knowledge questionnaire. The research design used for the study was pre-experimental: one group pre-test post-test design. Data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Overall result of the study revealed that Most of the subjects in the pre-test 31(62%) had average knowledge, 09(18%) had good knowledge and 10(20%) had poor knowledge. Whereas, in post-test after CBT, 40 (80%) had good knowledge and 10 (20%) had average knowledge. The study concluded thatcompetency based teaching was effective in improving knowledge regarding effects of social media addiction on health and academic performance among school children.

Love and Gender Relations from the Perspective of Familism: Based on Fieldwork in Contemporary Rural North Zhejiang

Abstract In response to the academic debate about the “individualization” of the patterns of love and marriage in contemporary China, this article takes the spousal selection and marriage and love practices of peasants in northern Zhejiang since China’s reform and opening up as the basis of field study, and explores the roles and functions of love and gender relations and their relationship to ethical factors in the overall process of “spousal selection→marriage→family→giving birth.” We also find that although the “love” factor has become more and more important in the marriage practice of recent generations (especially among rural women) and has even become an indispensable key to starting marital family life, it has not fully established its own independent space and value. It has in fact been boosted, guided, and controlled by, and incorporated into, the traditional marriage and family pattern. This traditional pattern, with its own unique resilience, has integrated love into the family life cycle, gradually pulling it into the orbit of traditional marriage and family, and successfully carrying on the “sacred undertaking” of the ancestors. This overall characteristic is more pronounced in developed eastern coastal villages (among young women) than in less developed central and western rural areas (among young women). In terms of theory and methodology, the “individualization” of love and marriage among contemporary Chinese peasants needs to be put back into the framework of “familism” for in-depth reflection, rather than simply being understood from the standpoint of “individualization” and from the binary opposition between “individualism” and “familism.”

N6-methyladenosine reader YTHDF family in biological processes: Structures, roles, and mechanisms.

As the most abundant and conserved internal modification in eukaryote RNAs, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. The YT521-B homology (YTH) domain-containing family proteins (YTHDFs), including YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and YTHDF3, are a class of cytoplasmic m6A-binding proteins defined by the vertebrate YTH domain, and exert extensive functions in regulating RNA destiny. Distinct expression patterns of the YTHDF family in specific cell types or developmental stages result in prominent differences in multiple biological processes, such as embryonic development, stem cell fate, fat metabolism, neuromodulation, cardiovascular effect, infection, immunity, and tumorigenesis. The YTHDF family mediates tumor proliferation, metastasis, metabolism, drug resistance, and immunity, and possesses the potential of predictive and therapeutic biomarkers. Here, we mainly summary the structures, roles, and mechanisms of the YTHDF family in physiological and pathological processes, especially in multiple cancers, as well as their current limitations and future considerations. This will provide novel angles for deciphering m6A regulation in a biological system.

A de novo low-frequency mosaic variant of KIF1A causes hereditary spastic paraplegia: A literature review.

The objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis and inheritance pattern of a Chinese Han family with hereditary spastic paraplegia and to retrospectively analyze the characteristics of KIF1A gene variants and related clinical manifestations. High-throughput whole-exome sequencing was performed on members of a Chinese Han family with a clinical diagnosis of hereditary spastic paraplegia, and the sequencing results were validated by Sanger sequencing. Deep high-throughput sequencing was performed on subjects with suspected mosaic variants. The previously reported pathogenic variant loci of the KIF1A gene with complete data were collected, and the clinical manifestations and characteristics of the pathogenic KIF1A gene variant were analyzed. A pathogenic heterozygous variant located in the neck coil of the KIF1A gene (c.1139G>C, p.Arg380Pro) was identified in the proband and four additional members of the family. It was derived from the de novo low-frequency somatic-gonadal mosaicism of the proband's grandmother and had a rate of 10.95%. This study helps us to better understand the pathogenic mode and characteristics of mosaic variants, and to understand the location and clinical characteristics of pathogenic variants in KIF1A.

Intertwined Histories: Muslim Domesticity and the Harem in the Eyes of a Swedish Nineteenth-Century Protestant Feminist

Abstract: This article delves into the Swedish novelist and feminist Fredrika Bremer’s views on female liberation by exploring her encounter with Muslim women in Jerusalem in the spring of 1859. It argues that Bremer’s program for women’s emancipation evokes similarities between women’s situation in Scandinavia and Palestine. By insisting on such similarities, the author nuances Leila Ahmed’s generalizing claim concerning the differences of interest that existed between European and Middle Eastern women in the nineteenth century, namely that European feminism helped maintain the system of white male dominance. For although Bremer maintains the idea of European superiority, she notices common interests with women in Palestine and upholds her critique of white patriarchy. The structure of the article follows the main themes evoked by Bremer in her conversations with Muslim women, namely religion, freedom of movement, literacy, and marriage. These issues were not innocent topics of conversation, but announced a radical program for female liberation. In order to contextualize Bremer’s account, the article juxtaposes research on women, religion, and family patterns in Scandinavia and the Middle East.

Effectiveness of Dried Ginger On Dysmenorrhea Associated Symptoms Among Adolescent Girls at A Selected College of a South Indian Town – A Non-Random Pre-Experimental Design Study

Dysmenorrhea influences social, physical, and psychological well-being. Dysmenorrhea causes absenteeism from school, insomnia, nervousness, irritability, depression, and other symptoms. Adolescent girl health promotion is a significant component of the major health programs. Hence a study was planned to assess the effectiveness of dried ginger on dysmenorrhea-associated symptoms among adolescent girls at a selected college, Puducherry. Sixty patients who fit into the diagnosis of dysmenorrhea were selected. Six doses of 500 mg of dried ginger were administered for 48 hours, followed by an assessment of pain scores, and the difference was noted. The fact that there was an association between demographic variables and the intensity of the disease was noted. In the pre-test mean pain score level was 5.2 ±1.2. Whereas in the post-test, after the administration of dried ginger, the mean pain score level was 4.1 ±3.97. The effectiveness was statistically tested by paired t-test (t=1.37), which was found to be highly statistically significant at p < 0.001. There is a significant association between Dysmenorrhea associated symptoms with selected demographic variables like Type of family and dietary pattern. Whereas the other demographic variables are not effective with dysmenorrhea-associated symptoms

RISK TOLERANCE, TIME HORIZON, AND ESTATE INTENTIONS: JUST HOW IMPORTANT ARE “CIRCUMSTANCES AND ASSOCIATED EMOTIONS”?

This study tests the importance of socio-demographic and psychological variables for investor intentions, including risk tolerance, time horizon, and estate intentions. Overall, hope is the psychological variable most consistently related to the dependent variables of risk tolerance, time horizon, and estate intentions. Age, household income, investment experience, and work experience pale in comparison with the psychological variables of hope and openness to new experience, both of which are positively associated with the dependent variables. Pro-social attitudes are also important as a moderating variable. The most interesting findings are that women with higher levels of education have higher levels of risk tolerance, whereas men with higher levels of education have lower levels of risk tolerance, findings contrary to previous research showing education to be positively associated with risk tolerance, and males to be more risk tolerant than females. Old stereotypes regarding gender preferences need to be re-examined. Much of the existing literature is based on findings from decades past, when sex roles were more differentiated, same sex marriage was illegal, and women’s career opportunities were more constrained. As Pan and Statman (2012; 2013) suggest, circumstances such as changing family patterns can affect investor preferences and behaviors. This study also demonstrates that positive psychology emotions such as hope or confidence in the future may serve to inoculate investors from panic selling or lessen the likelihood of excessive trading. Consequently, in a crisis investors with attitudes associated with positive psychology may be less prone to wealth-destroying behavior such as “going to cash.” Conversely, investors low in such attitudes are more likely to engage in such behaviors.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Hipertensi pada Lansia di Desa Sei Rotan Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan

Hypertension is often called the silent killer. Because hypertension is a deadly disease but is not accompanied by symptoms. Hypertension occurs when the systolic pressure is 140 mmHg or the diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg. This study aims to determine what factors influence the incidence of hypertension in the elderly in Sei Rotan Village, Percut Sei Tuan District. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a cross sectional research design approach. The results showed that the factors affecting hypertension in the elderly in Sei Rotan Village, Percut Sei Tuan District, were gender, age, education, and lifestyle. Suggestions from this study are that village health cadres should revive one of the preventions of hypertension in the elderly, namely elderly exercise and for the family to pay more attention to food intake patterns for families, especially the elderly.

Exploring the Sociodemographic Characteristics and Staple Food Consumption Patterns of Low-Income People in Kendari City, Indonesia

The city's attractiveness encourages urbanization, namely the movement of people from rural to urban areas. Urbanization accompanied by a transition to diet will significantly impact the food system. This study aims to analyze low-income people's sociodemographic characteristics and consumption patterns. This research was conducted in Kendari City. Data collection was carried out in October-November 2021. Determining the research location began by selecting densely populated residential areas in Kendari City. Based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) results, dense residential blocks were obtained in Mandonga District, namely several Neighborhood Units (RT) in Korumba Village and residential blocks in several RTs in Petoaha Village, Abeli District, which are on the coast of Kendari Bay. The low-income people (LIP) population was obtained from data on Social Assistance recipients in each sample village. The total sample is 20% of the population, covering 194 household respondents and extracting data and information using a combination of the food recall and weighing methods. The variables in this study are sociodemographic characteristics, including age, education, number of family members, and gender; house and Yard, as well as variables related to food sources of carbohydrates consumed by MBR households in the last 3 (three) days, including the type, quantity, price, and expenditure of food. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner, with cross-tabulations and percentages. The results showed that the respondents were at an average age of 44.91 years, the length of schooling was 8.27 years, the number of family members was 4 (four), and most were women, reaching 150 people. Most respondents have houses made of planks (wood), namely 97 people, with yards that have not been fully utilized for agricultural activities. The staple food consumption pattern of the respondent's family is dominated by rice (0.48 kg), and the amount of consumption of sago and cassava is minimal, only 0.07 kg and 0.05 kg, respectively. The most significant expenditure for food sources of carbohydrates is to buy rice, which is IDR 4,756/day. Therefore, policies are needed to encourage urban agricultural activities and revitalize the utilization of non-rice staple foods. Need to be disseminated. One form is not assisting in the form of rice to LIP when there is a government assistance program.

Exploring Gender Stereotypes among Prospective Foster Families

One of the acute social work issues in Ukraine is the deinstitutionalization of care for orphans and children left without parental care and the introduction of family care models. It is known that the success of such models largely depends on the motivations and values that inspire parents to place children, the socio-psychological characteristics of family members, gender aspects such as the distribution of household workload, the involvement of men in performing housework and care for children and so on.
 Building on social role theory, we examine gender stereotypes of prospective foster parents in Kyiv, Ukraine. The exploration of femininity and masculinity stereotypes was carried out using the Sex-Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), while the assessment of ambivalent sexism in the attitudes toward women and men was done through using a short version of the methodology of Glick and Fiske (1996). 83 paricipants of the mandatory trainings for prospective foster parents were questioned.
 Our study reveals that the prospective foster parents hold a biased set of beliefs. Almost a third of respondents’ responses concerning women show high indicators on the femininity scale and concerning men – on the masculinity scale. Also, respondents demonstrate a greater extent of benevolent rather than hostile sexism and describe a generalized image of women and men as androgynous individuals. High levels of hostility to feminism, especially among women, have been reported.
 Ukraine has all legal grounds for gender equality. Thus, from the intersectional point of view, the study results highlight the impact of culture and social norms on perceptions of gender and gender stereotyping.
 The paper ends with suggestions on training programs for both prospective foster parents and social workers, enchancing egalitarian family patterns and agency of women.