Projection Patterns Research Articles

The impact of self-centered factors on skepticism towards CSR claims during large-scale external crises

External crises create opportunities to strengthen companies’ commitment to society through CSR claims; however, consumers often perceive them as opportunistic. This study leverages the unique setting of COVID-19 to determine the power of consumer self-centered factors (i.e., concern about the crisis, personal impact, and political ideology) to predict situational skepticism towards CSR communication during a large-scale external crisis. An online survey of 1,000 consumers, analyzed using structural equation modeling, revealed that self-centered variables are key determinants to predict skepticism during external events. This effect is mediated by the inferential process of attributing motives. Their predictive power is consistent across the four CSR domains (i.e., customer, environment, employees, philanthropy). This study moves forward on the egocentric pattern projection and the attribution theories by addressing reactive CSR to external crises, a type of crisis that has been overlooked, and supports managerial decisions to mitigate CSR skepticism for potential external crises to come.

Optimized genetic tools for neuroanatomical and functional mapping of the Aedes aegypti olfactory system.

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is an emerging model insect for invertebrate neurobiology. We detail the application of a dual transgenesis marker system that reports the nature of transgene integration with circular donor template for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair at target mosquito chemoreceptor genes. Employing this approach, we demonstrate the establishment of cell-type-specific T2A-QF2 driver lines for the A. aegypti olfactory co-receptor genes Ir8a and orco via canonical homology-directed repair and the CO2 receptor complex gene Gr1 via noncanonical homology-directed repair involving duplication of the intended T2A-QF2 integration cassette separated by intervening donor plasmid sequence. Using Gr1+ olfactory sensory neurons as an example, we show that introgression of such T2A-QF2 driver and QUAS responder transgenes into a yellow cuticular pigmentation mutant strain facilitates transcuticular calcium imaging of CO2-evoked neural activity on the maxillary palps with enhanced sensitivity relative to wild-type mosquitoes enveloped by dark melanized cuticle. We further apply Cre-loxP excision to derive marker-free T2A-QF2 in-frame fusions to clearly map axonal projection patterns from olfactory sensory neurons expressing these 3 chemoreceptors into the A. aegypti antennal lobe devoid of background interference from 3xP3-based fluorescent transgenesis markers. The marker-free Gr1 T2A-QF2 driver facilitates clear recording of CO2-evoked responses in this central brain region using the genetically encoded calcium indicators GCaMP6s and CaMPARI2. Systematic application of these optimized methods to different chemoreceptors stands to enable mapping A. aegypti olfactory circuits at peripheral and central levels of olfactory coding at high resolution.

Calretinin-expressing neurons in the basal forebrain specifically contact granule cells in the olfactory bulb and modulate odor learning.

GABAergic neurons in basal forebrain (BF) nuclei project densely to all layers of the mouse main olfactory bulb (OB), the first relay in odor information processing. However, BF projection neurons are diverse and the contribution of each subtype to odor information processing is not known. In the present study, we used retrograde and anterograde tracing methods together with whole-brain light-sheet analyses, patch-clamp recordings coupled with optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches during spontaneous odor discrimination, and go/no-go odor discrimination/learning tests to characterize the synaptic targets in the OB of BF calretinin-expressing (CR+) GABAergic cells and to reveal their functional implications. We used mice of either sex to show that OB-projecting CR+ neurons innervate the bulbar granule cell layer but not the glomerular layer. Optogenetic stimulation of CR+ axonal projections in OB slices elicited monosynaptic GABAergic currents in granule cells (GCs). Retrograde rabies virus-based transsynaptic tracing experiments confirmed these synaptic connections and further suggested that CR+ neurons provide the principal, if not the unique, BF input onto GCs. Chemogenetic inhibition of CR+ neurons in the BF of male mice did not affect odor discrimination in habituation/dishabituation tasks but led to impairment in odor learning during go/no-go odor-associative tasks. Our results revealed a subtype-specific projection pattern in the OB of a select population of BF neurons and suggested that distinct BF GABAergic projections have distinct effects on odor information processing and learning.Significance statement The basal forebrain projects densely into the olfactory bulb and plays an important role in odor processing. The basal forebrain contains neurochemically distinct cellular populations but the contribution of each subtype to odor information processing is not known. We identified predominant, if not unique, synaptic connections between neurons in the basal forebrain that are characterized by the expression of calretinin (CR) and granule cells in the olfactory bulb. The detailed morpho-functional characterization of these connections based on anterograde, retrograde, and rabies-based transsynaptic labeling, patch-clamp recordings, optogenetics, and behavioral analyses indicated that these connections are GABAergic in nature and suggested that CR-expressing neurons in the basal forebrain are involved in odor learning.

Molecular logic for cellular specializations that initiate the auditory parallel processing pathways

The cochlear nuclear complex (CN), the starting point for all central auditory processing, encompasses a suite of neuronal cell types highly specialized for neural coding of acoustic signals. However, the molecular logic governing these specializations remains unknown. By combining single-nucleus RNA sequencing and Patch-seq analysis, we reveal a set of transcriptionally distinct cell populations encompassing all previously observed types and discover multiple hitherto unknown subtypes with anatomical and physiological identity. The resulting comprehensive cell-type taxonomy reconciles anatomical position, morphological, physiological, and molecular criteria, enabling the determination of the molecular basis of the specialized cellular phenotypes in the CN. In particular, CN cell-type identity is encoded in a transcriptional architecture that orchestrates functionally congruent expression across a small set of gene families to customize projection patterns, input-output synaptic communication, and biophysical features required for encoding distinct aspects of acoustic signals. This high-resolution account of cellular heterogeneity from the molecular to the circuit level reveals the molecular logic driving cellular specializations, thus enabling the genetic dissection of auditory processing and hearing disorders with a high specificity.

Decoding Salience: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Reward and Contextual Unexpectedness in Memory Encoding and Retrieval.

The present study investigated the neuromodulatory substrates of salience processing and its impact on memory encoding and behaviour, with a specific focus on two distinct types of salience: reward and contextual unexpectedness. 46 Participants performed a novel task paradigm modulating these two aspects independently and allowing for investigating their distinct and interactive effects on memory encoding while undergoing high-resolution fMRI. By using advanced image processing techniques tailored to examine midbrain and brainstem nuclei with high precision, our study additionally aimed to elucidate differential activation patterns in subcortical nuclei in response to reward-associated and contextually unexpected stimuli, including distinct pathways involving in particular dopaminergic modulation. We observed a differential involvement of the ventral striatum, substantia nigra (SN) and caudate nucleus, as well as a functional specialisation within the subregions of the cingulate cortex for the two salience types. Moreover, distinct subregions within the SN in processing salience could be identified. Dorsal areas preferentially processed salience related to stimulus processing (of both reward and contextual unexpectedness), and ventral areas were involved in salience-related memory encoding (for contextual unexpectedness only). These functional specialisations within SN are in line with different projection patterns of dorsal and ventral SN to brain areas supporting attention and memory, respectively. By disentangling stimulus processing and memory encoding related to two salience types, we hope to further consolidate our understanding of neuromodulatory structures' differential as well as interactive roles in modulating behavioural responses to salient events.

Nomogram-based Approach for Predicting Complication Risks Following Prepectoral Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction.

Despite the recent steep rise in the use of prepectoral direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction, concerns remain regarding the potentially risk of complications, resulting in the selective application of the technique; however, the selection process was empirically based on the operator's decision. Using patient and operation-related factors, this study aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting postoperative complications following prepectoral DTI reconstruction. Between August 2019 and March 2023, immediate prepectoral DTI was performed for all patients deemed suitable for one-stage implant-based reconstruction. A retrospective analysis of the complications was conducted for this cohort. The cohort was randomly divided into the training and validation datasets. A nomogram was developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression and Firth's bias-reduced logistic regression. We analyzed 433 breasts (362 patients). Complications developed in 131 patients (33.5%), including early complications within 90 days postoperatively (26.1%), infection (1.8%), wound revision (9.7%), and reconstructive failure (3.5%). Increased age and body mass index (BMI), therapeutic mastectomy, reduction pattern mastectomy, implant size, and projection, and radiotherapy history were associated with early complications. For infection and reconstructive failure, increased age and BMI, heavier mastectomy specimen weight, implant projection, previous and adjuvant radiotherapy showed association. The internal validation of each model demonstrated areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 68.9%, 68.0%, 84.9%, and 79.0% for early complications, delayed wound healing, infection, and reconstructive failure, respectively. A nomogram-based approach for predicting complications in prepectoral DTI reconstruction may enhance clinical decision-making, leading to optimized outcomes.

Crop-Specific Emission Projection Suggests Peaking of Agricultural N2O by the Middle Century.

Agriculture is the largest anthropogenic source of N2O emissions and plays a crucial role in global greenhouse gas mitigation. In an increasingly populated world with growing food demands, a precise and high-resolution spatial prediction of agricultural N2O emissions becomes essential in reducing global emissions. In this study, an integrated assessment model coupled with the land cover downscaling module is employed to predict crop-specific N2O emissions at a 0.05° resolution under various SSP-RCP scenarios from 2025 to 2100. Our findings show that global agricultural N2O emissions will peak around 2065, ranging from 5.2 to 6.6 Tg N a-1. Corn cultivation is the primary N2O contributor, while rice production will produce fewer emissions and peak before 2025. The emission hotspots are concentrated in western Europe, India, eastern China, and the west coast and east-central region of the USA. By 2100, the crop-specific N2O emissions in China are predicted to decrease below the levels observed in 2015, while the emissions in the USA and India may double in some socio-economic pathways. Our projection of N2O emission patterns is supportive of implementing targeted policies and strategies to achieve global emission reduction targets.

Image-guided optogenetic spatiotemporal tissue patterning using μPatternScope

In the field of tissue engineering, achieving precise spatiotemporal control over engineered cells is critical for sculpting functional 2D cell cultures into intricate morphological shapes. In this study, we engineer light-responsive mammalian cells and target them with dynamic light patterns to realize 2D cell culture patterning control. To achieve this, we developed μPatternScope (μPS), a modular framework for software-controlled projection of high-resolution light patterns onto microscope samples. μPS comprises hardware and software suite governing pattern projection and microscope maneuvers. Together with a 2D culture of the engineered cells, we utilize μPS for controlled spatiotemporal induction of apoptosis to generate desired 2D shapes. Furthermore, we introduce interactive closed-loop patterning, enabling a dynamic feedback mechanism between the measured cell culture patterns and the light illumination profiles to achieve the desired target patterning trends. Our work offers innovative tools for advanced tissue engineering applications through seamless fusion of optogenetics, optical engineering, and cybernetics.

Peripheral and central innervation pattern of mechanosensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion

The trigeminal ganglion (TG) comprises primary sensory neurons responsible for orofacial sensations, subsequently projecting to the trigeminal nuclei in the brainstem. However, the circuit basis of nasal mechanosensation is not well characterized. Here we elucidate the anatomical organization of both peripheral and central projections of the TG. We found that the non-peptidergic nociceptor, MrgprD+ neurons in the TG densely innervate the nasal mucosa, whereas the LTMRs subtypes rarely innervate the nasal mucosa. We also identified the central projection pattern of the mechanosensory neurons in TG. TrkC+ neurons project to dorsal part of the brainstem trigeminal complex and the solitary nucleus. TrkB+ neurons project to the Pr5VL, Sp5O, Sp5I and Sp5C. TH+ neurons project to ventrolateral Sp5I, the outer edge of Sp5C and the caudal part of solitary nucleus. Additionally, the MrgprD+ neurons only densely project to outer edge of Sp5C. In addition, we further determined the ascending pathway of the TG neurons. Taken together, our study demonstrates the peripheral and central projection pattern of mechanosensory neurons in the TG, which provides a basis for the future functional studies.

Hierarchically Structured and Tunable Hydrogel Patches: Design, Characterization, and Application.

Recent studies show the importance of hydrogel geometry for various applications, such as encoding, micromachines, or tissue engineering. However, fabricating hydrogel structures with micrometer-sized features, advanced geometry, and precise control of porosity remains challenging. This work presents hierarchically structured hydrogels, so-called hydrogel patches, with internally deviating regions on a micron-scale. These regions are defined in a one-step, high-throughput fabrication process via stop-flow lithography. Between the specified projection pattern during fabrication, an interconnecting lower crosslinked and more porous hydrogel network forms, resulting in at least two degrees of crosslinking within the patches. A detailed investigation of patch formation is performed for two material systems and pattern variations, revealing basic principles for reliable patch formation. In addition to the two defined crosslinked regions, further regions are implemented in the patches by adapting the pattern accordingly. The variations in pattern geometry impact the mechanical characteristics of the hydrogel patches, which display pattern-dependent compression behavior due to predefined compression points. Cell culture on patches, as one possible application, reveals that the patch pattern determines the cell area of L929 mouse fibroblasts. These results introduce hierarchically structured hydrogel patches as a promising and versatile platform system with highcustomizability.

TARGET-seq: Linking single-cell transcriptomics of human dopaminergic neurons with their target specificity

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons exhibit significant diversity characterized by differences in morphology, anatomical location, axonal projection pattern, and selective vulnerability to disease. More recently, scRNAseq has been used to map DA neuron diversity at the level of gene expression. These studies have revealed a higher than expected molecular diversity in both mouse and human DA neurons. However, whether different molecular expression profiles correlate with specific functions of different DA neurons or with their classical division into mesolimbic (A10) and nigrostriatal (A9) neurons, remains to be determined. To address this, we have developed an approach termed TARGET-seq (Tagging projections by AAV-mediated RetroGrade Enrichment of Transcriptomes) that links the transcriptional profile of the DA neurons with their innervation of specific target structures in the forebrain. Leveraging this technology, we identify molecularly distinct subclusters of human DA neurons with a clear link between transcriptome and axonal target-specificity, offering the possibility to infer neuroanatomical-based classification to molecular identity and target-specific connectivity. We subsequently used this dataset to identify candidate transcription factors along DA developmental trajectories that may control subtype identity, thus providing broad avenues that can be further explored in the design of next-generation A9 and A10 enriched DA-neurons for drug screening or A9 enriched DA cells for clinical stem cell-based therapies.

Fast and light-efficient wavefront shaping with a MEMS phase-only light modulator

Over the last two decades, spatial light modulators (SLMs) have revolutionized our ability to shape optical fields. They grant independent dynamic control over thousands of degrees-of-freedom within a single light beam. In this work we test a new type of SLM, known as a phase-only light modulator (PLM), that blends the high efficiency of liquid crystal SLMs with the fast switching rates of binary digital micro-mirror devices (DMDs). A PLM has a 2D mega-pixel array of micro-mirrors. The vertical height of each micro-mirror can be independently adjusted with 4-bit precision. Here we provide a concise tutorial on the operation and calibration of a PLM. We demonstrate arbitrary pattern projection, aberration correction, and control of light transport through complex media. We show high-speed wavefront shaping through a multimode optical fiber – scanning over 2000 points at 1.44 kHz. We make available our custom high-speed PLM control software library developed in C++. As PLMs are based upon micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology, they are polarization agnostic, and possess fundamental switching rate limitations equivalent to that of DMDs – with operation at up to 10 kHz anticipated in the near future. We expect PLMs will find high-speed light shaping applications across a range of fields including adaptive optics, microscopy, optogenetics and quantum optics.

GPe Projections to the Retrorubral Field Give Rise to Diverging GABAergic and DAergic Circuits.

The external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) is involved in the modulation of motor output and limbic components of behavior. The circuitry by which the GPe contributes to limbic components of behavior remains unknown. While many investigations have focused on the local circuitry within the basal ganglia, numerous GPe projections to target regions outside of the basal ganglia including the midbrain, thalamus, and cortex exist and remain largely unexplored. Here, by anatomical and electrophysiological means we investigate the projections of the GPe to the Retrorubral Field (RRF), a dopaminergic nucleus in the caudal midbrain, in both male and female mice. We find that the GPe targets both GABAergic and DAergic neurons in the RRF (RRFDA and RRFGABA). Viral-assisted circuit mapping to trace the cell-type specific projection patterns of RRFDA and RRFGABA populations revealed diverging pathways. The connectivity of GPe-recipient RRFDA neurons followed the traditional medial forebrain bundle path, innervating the ventral striatum and to a lesser extent the dorsal striatum. GPe-recipient RRFGABA neurons, on the other hand, displayed broad projections targeting numerous brain regions involved in limbic function including the parabrachial nucleus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. These contrasting projection profiles reveal multiple nodes by which the GPe is disynaptically connected to the limbic system, representing novel access points for the GPe to modulate limbic components of behavior.Significance Statement Progress in our understanding of GPe composition, circuits, and functions has allowed for a greater appreciation of the role of the GPe in shaping behavior. Here, we elaborate on the connectivity of the GPe with the RRF, the third-largest dopaminergic nucleus of the ventral midbrain. We reveal the targeting of both RRFDA and RRFGABA neurons by the GPe and demonstrate the vast non-overlapping projection profiles of RRFDA and RRFGABA Via the multi-level limbic connectivity of the RRF, these results add a novel branch of circuitry to the GPe, which may represent the foundation for some of its non-motor functions.

The Restructuring of Social Inequalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia

As the COVID-19 virus began to spread across Australia, a six-week national lockdown was implemented in late March 2020. Australians were largely confined to their homes and nonessential economic and social activities ceased. Subsequently, lockdowns were implemented at various times in various states, territories and regions in response to local outbreaks of the virus. To examine how the restrictions associated with the pandemic impacted on the working lives of young Australians during the 2020 lockdowns, I draw on Life Patterns project data generated from semistructured interviews conducted with 40 participants in September and October 2020. From a class perspective, the lockdowns exacerbated existing inequalities related to occupation. Some participants, such as those in the hospitality sector, were stood down whereas other participants either worked from home (e.g., professionals and white-collar workers) or continued working as usual after being classified as essential workers (e.g., nurses, doctors, security guards). Participants who were stood down immediately were left to fend for themselves until the Federal Government introduced JobKeeper payments. They had to rely on their annual leave, withdraw money from their retirement savings and/ or move in with family or friends just to survive. Participants who were able to keep working saved money due to being confined to home and not be able to socialise or take holidays. Consequently, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some participants depleted their savings whereas others had built on their existing wealth.

Electrophysiological correlates of divergent projections in the avian superior olivary nucleus.

The physiological diversity of inhibitory neurons provides ample opportunity to influence a wide range of computational roles through their varied activity patterns, especially via feedback loops. In the avian auditory brain stem, inhibition originates primarily from the superior olivary nucleus (SON), and so it is critical to understand the intrinsic physiological properties and processing capabilities of these neurons. Neurons in the SON receive ascending input via the cochlear nuclei: directly from the intensity-coding cochlear nucleus angularis (NA) and indirectly via the interaural timing nucleus laminaris (NL), which itself receives input from cochlear nucleus magnocellularis (NM). Two distinct populations of SON neurons provide inhibitory feedback either to ipsilateral NA, NL, and the timing cochlear nucleus NM or to the contralateral SON. To determine whether these populations correspond to distinct response types, we investigated their electrophysiology in brain stem slices, using patch-clamp electrophysiology. We identified three phenotypes: single-spiking, chattering tonic, and regular tonic neurons. The two tonic phenotypes displayed distinct firing patterns and different membrane properties. Fluctuating "noisy" currents used to probe the capability of SON neurons to encode temporal features showed that each phenotype differed in sensitivity to temporally modulated input. By using cell fills and anatomical reconstructions, we could correlate the firing phenotypes with their axonal projection patterns. We found that SON axons exited via three fiber tracts, with each tract composed of specific phenotypes. These results provide a basis for understanding the role of specific inhibitory cell types in auditory function and elucidate the organization of the SON outputs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inhibitory inputs for the avian brain stem originate primarily from the superior olivary nucleus (SON). We describe three intrinsic phenotypes of SON neurons and show how they differ in their temporal processing and projection patterns. We propose that the two types of tonic firing neurons (including one novel type) and the single-spiking neurons in SON comprise separate feedback circuits that may differentially influence the auditory information flowing via the cochlear nuclei and nucleus laminaris.

Iodine(III)-Mediated Photochemical C-H Azolation.

A systematic radical polarity analysis framework is formulated herein for the projection of radical reactivity patterns. An iodine(III)-mediated photochemical C-H azolation reaction has been envisaged and developed based on the set of empirical guidelines. The synthesis features an environmentally benign reagent, mild reaction conditions, an operationally simple protocol, and a broad substrate scope. The inclusive demonstration of reactivity for ether, thioether, amide, benzylic, and allylic C-H bonds promises wide-ranging synthetic utility.

The distributional characteristics of Interreg Transnational Programmes and their role in promoting regional cohesion

Interreg is an instrument of Cohesion Policy promoting cooperation among different organizations of Europe to tackle common challenges. Project funding within Interreg could become competitive, given the strong interest from numerous institutions in participating. This, in turn, may lead to disparities in the number of projects implemented across European regions. If participation is driven by factors such as the economic development level of regions, then the fundamental aim of Cohesion Policy—to reduce the gaps between developed and lagging regions—may not be well served by Interreg, as existing gaps may be exacerbated. Given this issue, the paper focuses on the 12 Interreg transnational programmes, which bring together regions from many different countries. The paper examines the distributional characteristics of these programmes using conventional statistical and network measures with data from the 2014–2020 programming period. It then develops a novel indicator of regional participation levels and constructs and empirically tests a framework for measuring the effect of various socioeconomic, geographical, and demographic factors on the participation levels of EU regions. The analysis reveals differences in the allocation patterns of projects among the programmes and shows that different types of networks are formed. Additionally, the instrument appears to benefit smaller and wealthier regions, which results in counteracting demographic inequalities but simultaneously augmenting economic ones. To address this challenge, the paper provides recommendations for management authorities to make the formation of partnerships more equitable.

LUT-based phase error compensation method for large-step phase-shifting algorithm in DLP4500-based FPP system.

As a low-cost professional digital light projection device, the DLP4500 have been widely applied in fringe projection profilometry (FPP), for both laboratory and practical application. However, our recent experiments revealed a new hardware-induced projection instability when the projection pattern data exceeds its buffer capacity (48 bits). This phenomenon undermines the measurement accuracy advantage of the phase-shifting (PS) algorithms with large number of shifting steps, and eventually leads unwanted and complicated error to 3D reconstruction. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the new hardware-induced phase error and proposed a LUT-based phase error compensation method. In this method, a standard plate with a precision manufactured plate is used as the standard reference for the phase error evaluation, where an ideal plane fitting and the projector pixel reprojection process are introduced to generate the ideal reference phase. Comprehensive experiments are conduct to verify the stability of the proposed method in LUT creation. Comprehensive experiments are conduct, and the results show that (i) the method works creates LUTs stably at different plate positions, (ii) the plate with regular manufacturing accuracy (not exceeding 0.01 mm) can meet the application requirements of the proposed method. Both quantitative and qualitative experimental results successfully verify the effectiveness of proposed method in LUT creation and phase error reduction.

Adaptive infrared patterns for microscopic surface reconstructions

PurposeMulti-zoom microscopic surface reconstructions of operating sites, especially in ENT surgeries, would allow multimodal image fusion for determining the amount of resected tissue, for recognizing critical structures, and novel tools for intraoperative quality assurance. State-of-the-art three-dimensional model creation of the surgical scene is challenged by the surgical environment, illumination, and the homogeneous structures of skin, muscle, bones, etc., that lack invariant features for stereo reconstruction.MethodsAn adaptive near-infrared pattern projector illuminates the surgical scene with optimized patterns to yield accurate dense multi-zoom stereoscopic surface reconstructions. The approach does not impact the clinical workflow. The new method is compared to state-of-the-art approaches and is validated by determining its reconstruction errors relative to a high-resolution 3D-reconstruction of CT data.Results200 surface reconstructions were generated for 5 zoom levels with 10 reconstructions for each object illumination method (standard operating room light, microscope light, random pattern and adaptive NIR pattern). For the adaptive pattern, the surface reconstruction errors ranged from 0.5 to 0.7 mm, as compared to 1–1.9 mm for the other approaches. The local reconstruction differences are visualized in heat maps.ConclusionAdaptive near-infrared (NIR) pattern projection in microscopic surgery allows dense and accurate microscopic surface reconstructions for variable zoom levels of small and homogeneous surfaces. This could potentially aid in microscopic interventions at the lateral skull base and potentially open up new possibilities for combining quantitative intraoperative surface reconstructions with preoperative radiologic imagery.

Panoramic single-pixel imaging with megapixel resolution based on rotational subdivision.

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) using a single-pixel detector is an unconventional imaging method that has great application prospects in many fields to realize high-performance imaging. In particular, the recently proposed catadioptric panoramic ghost imaging (CPGI) extends the application potential of SPI to high-performance imaging at a wide field of view (FOV) with recent growing demands. However, the resolution of CPGI is limited by the hardware parameters of the digital micromirror device (DMD), which cannot meet ultrahigh-resolution panoramic imaging needs that require detailed information. Therefore, to overcome the resolution limitation of CPGI, we propose a panoramic SPI based on rotational subdivision (RSPSI). The key of RSPSI is to obtain the entire panoramic scene by the rotation-scanning of a rotating mirror tilted 45°, so that one single pattern that only covers one sub-FOV with a small FOV can complete an uninterrupted modulation on the entire panoramic FOV during a once-through pattern projection. Then, based on temporal resolution subdivision, the image sequence of sub-FOVs subdivided from the entire panoramic FOV can be reconstructed with pixel-level or even subpixel-level horizontal shifting adjacently. Experimental results using a proof-of-concept setup show that the panoramic image can be obtained with 10428 × 543 of 5,662,404 pixels, which is more than 9.6 times higher than the resolution limit of the CPGI using the same DMD. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed RSPSI is the first to achieve a megapixel resolution via SPI, which can provide potential applications in fields requiring imaging with ultrahigh-resolution and wide FOV.