Painting Patterns Research Articles

But How Were They Made? More about Patterned Textiles in the Aegean Bronze Age

This paper scrutinises the iconography of patterned textiles in Bronze Age Greece as a potential source of technical knowledge of the patterning and weaving techniques. The variety of patterns on costumes depicted in Xeste 3, Akrotiri, Thera is a case study, examined in close relation to the textile technology available at the time, evidence of archaeological textiles from Greece and Akrotiri, and experimental reconstructions of the depicted patterns in weaving. By analysing several specific features of the painted and woven patterns, a critical overview of the possible techniques of manufacturing patterned textiles is presented. It is argued that there is little possibility of identifying a specific technique of patterning or weaving, on the basis of the Aegean iconography. However, specific features of the painted patterns seem to imitate in a great detail the appearance of the woven patterns. Therefore, it is argued that the wall painters were generally aware of the technical details of actual textiles and that it was important for them to attain a veracity in the rendering of the patterns

Dermoscopic "Landscape Painting Patterns" as a Clue for Labial Melanotic Macules: An Analysis of 80 Cases.

BackgroundLabial melanotic macules (LMMs) are benign pigmented lesions that usually take the shape of flat asymmetrical macules with tan-brown to black color and variable size. Whereas the dermoscopic features of other pigmented skin lesions have been relatively well described, little is known about LMMs.ObjectiveTo describe the dermoscopic features and find typical and schematic dermoscopic patterns in LMMs.MethodsA retrospective dermoscopic study was conducted on 80 lesions with histopathologically proved LMMs.ResultsWe described and defined, for the first time to our knowledge, landscape painting patterns found in 65 of 80 melanotic lesions (81.3%), characterized by parallel lines or circle lines, overlapping vessels with background brown pigmentation. The background brown pigmentations were observed in 74 of 80 lesions (92.5%), the parallel lines in 62 (77.5%), the circle lines in 20 (25.0%), and overlapping vessels in 69 (86.3%). The structureless black pigmentations were only presented in 26 of 80 (32.5%).ConclusionDermoscopy can be useful for the clinical detection of LMMs, and “Landscape painting patterns” may represent a dermoscopic clue for the diagnosis of these lesions.

Automatic portrait oil painter: joint domain stylization for portrait images

Everyone has the dream of being in the center of famous art paintings, admired by numerous future generations. However, the dream came true at a huge cost of the painter’s commission in old days. In our paper, another practical choice is provided for everyone to achieve that dream – an automatic portrait oil painter transferring some artistic styles from one single reference painting. To address this issue, we propose a joint-domain image stylization approach, particularly for portrait oil paintings. From the view of artistic appreciation, we analyze an amount of oil painting art works and summarize three critical factors to depict the figure, i.e. color, structure and texture. Based on this point, we separate and represent an artistic work into these three domains. Then, considering their intrinsic properties and following an art creation route, we propose the corresponding approaches to jointly model and transfer the features in these domains. First, a swatch-based color adjustment is proposed to recolor the tone of the input image based on semantic regions corresponding to the references. Second, the main structures of the input image is maintained by sparse reconstruction. Third, a coarse-to-fine texture synthesis is used to enhance the detail oil painting patterns. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves desirable results compared with state-of-the-art methods in not only transferring the styles from references but also keeping consistent contents with the given portrait.

Optimum Paint Sequence for Speckle Patterns in Digital Image Correlation

This note answers whether it is better to use black-on-white or white-on-black painted speckle patterns, and provides recommendations for optimum painted patterns for digital image correlation (DIC). Although DIC algorithms have no preference between tracking the patterns of either bright features or dark features on contrasting backgrounds, we show that paint sequence can be important due to fundamental differences in paint pigments. If the sample and experiment conditions call for two painting steps (basecoat and speckles), then applying a basecoat of white paint followed by black speckles is better than the converse. Black speckles are preferred because they increase contrast and provide a higher mean intensity gradient, lower correlation confidence interval, and lower displacement error. The primary reason for the increased contrast is the greater hiding power of black paint versus white paint. A secondary effect that also reduces contrast in white speckles is undertone, or a slight blue hue shift from Rayleigh scattering.

Spatial resolution optimization of a cooling-down thermal imaging method to reveal hidden academic frescoes

A safe cooling-down infrared thermography technique was considered to reveal paintings covered by a limewash layer for cultural heritage investigations. The transient infrared image sequence permits to reconstitute the subsurface pattern by processing the thermal contrast. Given the interest in detection methods, we propose a theoretical optimization study of the spatial resolution of the method. This analysis, achieved with thermal simulations, is based on both the thermal sensibility and a specific formal spatial resolution criterion. Considering a bar pattern painting covered by a 0.5 mm thick limewash, we have shown a thermal sensibility up to 1.5 K. This value is about 75 times bigger than the thermal noise threshold of the used camera. The proposed spatial resolution criterion allows to establish optimal temporal settings giving the sharpest thermal contrast image. An academic hidden painting sample was especially made to validate this theoretical approach. Results show the suitability of the method to perfectly reveal hidden patterns and confirm the spatial resolution estimations predicted using the proposed theoretical model. Simulated and experimental thermal contrast profiles are in good agreement.

Discovery on the Artistic Expression of Georgette through Silk Painting

The unique woven structure and special fabric texture of georgette make georgette-painting practice unparalleled compared with many other silk painting practices. This study aims to discover the artistic expression of georgette from four aspects: subjects for georgette painting, forms of georgette painting, colors of georgette painting and textures of georgette painting. Experimental hand painting practices and comparisons are carried out as study methods. This paper finds out: the subjects for georgette painting is closely associated with the feature of fabric; the feature of georgette fabric may limit the delicacy of painted patterns; the colors for georgette painting could present imaginational and mysterious artistic blending and transformation; thorny lines and zigzag pattern edges are two of georgette-painting textures. Besides art area, painted georgette fabric could be further applied for design areas such as garment design, accessory design and space decoration design

The effect of group art therapy on older Korean adults with Neurocognitive Disorders

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of group art therapy on improving the emotional capacities of older Korean adults with Neurocognitive Disorders (ND). In Korea, little research has been conducted on patients with mental disorders in nursing homes to measure the effectiveness of art therapy. Expanding upon previous research, this study tested an art therapy program that included 36 treatment sessions and used a wide variety of materials, including traditional materials, such as rice paper, Korean paints and brushes, and ink sticks. The program's goals were to reduce patients’ levels of depression and improve their ability to express themselves. This research analyzed the effect of art therapy using the Short Geriatric Depression Scale and computer analysis of painting patterns. Older Korean adults with ND were shown to have decreased levels of depression and increased levels of self-expression, demonstrating that group art therapy was effective at improving the condition of older patients with ND.

A method to transfer speckle patterns for digital image correlation

A simple and repeatable speckle creation method based on water transfer printing (WTP) is proposed to reduce artificial measurement error for digital image correlation (DIC). This technique requires water, brush, and a piece of transfer paper that is made of prefabricated decal paper, a protected sheet, and printed speckle patterns. The speckle patterns are generated and optimized via computer simulations, and then printed on the decal paper. During the experiments, operators can moisten the basement with water and the brush, so that digital patterns can be simply transferred to the carriers’ surfaces. Tensile experiments with an extended three-dimensional (3D) DIC system are performed to test and verify the validity of WTP patterns. It is shown that by comparing with a strain gage, the strain error is less than 50με in a uniform tensile test. From five carbon steel tensile experiments, Lüders bands in both WTP patterns and spray paint patterns are demonstrated to propagate symmetrically. In the necking part where the strain is up to 66%, WTP patterns are proved to adhere to the specimens well. Hence, WTP patterns are capable of maintaining coherence and adherence to the specimen surface. The transfer paper, working as the role of strain gage in the electrometric method, will contribute to speckle creation.

Measurement of Strain Gradients Using Digital Image Correlation by Applying Printed-Speckle Patterns

Digital image correlation (DIC) measurements were obtained using speckle patterns produced using two different methods. In the first case, speckles were produced on the surface of a test specimen using white and black spray paint, which is probably the most common approach. In the second case, a computer code was written that creates a random-speckle pattern digitally. The digital-speckle pattern was then printed on white paper using a standard laser printer. The speckled paper was subsequently bonded to the surface of a test specimen using a commercial strain gage adhesive. Strains were measured using both types of speckle patterns for a thin plate with hole and for a U-shaped beam loaded in tension. Strain fields measured using the painted and digital-speckle patterns are essentially identical and are well predicted by the corresponding elasticity solutions.

Automatic weight estimation of individual pigs using image analysis

Health is a key element in pig welfare and steady weight gain is considered an indicator of good health and productivity. However, many diseases such as diarrhoea cause a substantial reduction in food intake and weight gain in pigs. Therefore, continuous weight monitoring is an essential method to ensure pigs are in good health. The purpose of this work was to investigate the feasibility of an automated method to estimate weight of individual pigs by using image processing.This study comprised measurements on four pens of grower pigs, each consisting of 10 pigs. At the start of the experiments, pigs weighed on average 23±4.4kg (mean±SD) while at the end their average weight was 45±6.5kg. Each pen was monitored by a top-view camera. For validation purposes, the experiment was repeated once.Individual pigs were automatically identified by their unique painting patterns using shape recognition techniques. The weight estimation process developed as follows: First, to localized pigs in the image, an ellipse fitting algorithm was employed. Second, the area the pig occupying in the ellipse was calculated. Finally, the weight of pigs was estimated using dynamic modelling. The developed model was then validated by comparing the estimated weight against manual twiceweekly actual weight measurements of each individual pig. In addition, to monitor the weight of pigs individually, the pigs were marked on their back with basic unique paint patterns and were identified automatically using shape recognition techniques. In this way, the weight of each individual pig could be estimated. This method can replace the regular weight measurements on farms that require repeated handling and thereby causing stress to the pigs.Overall, video imaging of fattening pigs appeared promising for real-time weight and growth monitoring. In this study pig weight could be estimated with an accuracy of 97.5% at group level (error of 0.82kg) and 96.2% individually (error of 1.23kg). This result is significant since the existing automated tools currently have a maximum accuracy of 95% (error of 2kg) in practical setups and 97% (error of 1kg) in walk-through systems (when pigs are forced to pass a corridor one by one) on average.Future work should focus on developing specific algorithms to account for the effect of gender and genotype on body surface area and body weight since these factors affect the model parameters for weight estimation.

Study on One Generating Method of Digital Painting Patterns

Military camouflage is one of the critical measures taken by some key military forces to disguise weapons and facilities, military projects and combat fighters. Digital camouflage is a novel form in this field. Preliminarily verified by Edge Detection, one method is proposed to digitize large-spot painting patterns, to generate random spot-modification and richer patterns.

Single‐copy gene‐based chromosome painting in cucumber and its application for chromosome rearrangement analysis in Cucumis

Chromosome painting based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has played an important role in chromosome identification and research into chromosome rearrangements, diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities and evolution in human and animal species. However, it has not been applied widely in plants due to the large amounts of dispersed repetitive sequences in chromosomes. In the present work, a chromosome painting method for single-copy gene pools in Cucumis sativus was successfully developed. Gene probes with sizes above 2 kb were detected consistently. A cucumber karyotype was constructed based on FISH using a cocktail containing chromosome-specific gene probes. This single-copy gene-based chromosome painting (ScgCP) technique was performed by PCR amplification, purification, pooling, labeling and hybridization onto chromosome spreads. Gene pools containing sequential genes with an interval less than 300 kb yielded painting patterns on pachytene chromosomes. Seven gene pools corresponding to individual chromosomes unambiguously painted each chromosome pair of C. sativus. Three mis-aligned regions on chromosome 4 were identified by the painting patterns. A probe pool comprising 133 genes covering the 8 Mb distal end of chromosome 4 was used to evaluate the potential utility of the ScgCP technique for chromosome rearrangement research through cross-species FISH in the Cucumis genus. Distinct painting patterns of this region were observed in C. sativus, C. melo and C. metuliferus species. A comparative chromosome map of this region was constructed between cucumber and melon. With increasing sequence resources, this ScgCP technique may be applied on any other sequenced species for chromosome painting research.

완전접촉 경계면 위의 박막유동 특성을 이용한 회전무화기의 형상 설계

벨 디스크(Bell disc, 오토마이저 Atomizer)를 사용한 회전식 도장기술은 뛰어난 도료 전달효율, 도장 패턴 및 입자크기의 균일성, 스프레이 건 방식에 비해 적은 압축공기 사용량 등의 장점이 있다. 또한 회전식 분무기는 모든 페인트 재료에 적용할 수 있고 자동차 연속도장 같은 대규모 도장이 필요한 환경에 적합하다. 도장기기의 성능과 밀접하게 관계된 도장품질은 벨 디스크 표면설계에 따른 액적 크기와 균일성에 의해 결정된다. 따라서 이번 연구는 도료의 점성, 밀도, 표면친화도 등의 염료 특성이 고려된 작동하는 벨 디스크의 회전수, 직경, 표면의 각도, 무화시의 박막두께에 대한 모델링을 시행하여 표면설계 방법의 기초를 수립하였다.

Comparison of Rapid Extraction Algorithms of Major Colors

The extraction of major colors is the basis of image processing. In the process of camouflage pattern painting design, whether major colors are extracted rapidly and precisely are very important to the application. Histogram clustering and K-means clustering and ISODATA clustering are three widely using extraction algorithms. To test and compare the accuracy of the three algorithms, the definition of average color difference is introduced. Then, two representative forest land background images are used to compare the performance of three algorithms. The result shows that, ISODATA clustering algorithm is superior to other two kind of clustering algorithms.

Development of an Inertia-Driven Model of Sideways Fall for Detailed Study of Femur Fracture Mechanics

A new method for laboratory testing of human proximal femora in conditions simulating a sideways fall was developed. Additionally, in order to analyze the strain state in future cadaveric tests, digital image correlation (DIC) was validated as a tool for strain field measurement on the bone of the femoral neck. A fall simulator which included models for the body mass, combined lateral femur and pelvis mass, pelvis stiffness, and trochanteric soft tissue was designed. The characteristics of each element were derived and developed based on human data from the literature. The simulator was verified by loading a state-of-the-art surrogate femur and comparing the resulting force-time trace to published, human volunteer experiments. To validate the DIC, 20 human proximal femora were prepared with a strain rosette and speckle paint pattern, and loaded to 50% of their predicted failure load at a low compression rate. Strain rosettes were taken as the gold standard, and minimum principal strains from the DIC and the rosettes were compared using descriptive statistics. The initial slope of the force-time curve obtained in the fall simulator matched published human volunteer data, with local peaks superimposed in the model due to internal vibrations of the spring used to model the pelvis stiffness. Global force magnitude and temporal characteristics were within 2% of published volunteer experiments. The DIC minimum principal strains were found to be accurate to 127±239 μɛ. These tools will allow more biofidelic laboratory simulation of falls to the side, and more detailed analysis of proximal femur failure mechanisms using human cadaver specimens.

Automatic identification of marked pigs in a pen using image pattern recognition

The purpose of this work was to investigate feasibility of an automated method to identify marked pigs in a pen in experimental conditions and for behaviour-related research by using image processing.This study comprised measurements on four groups of piglets, with 10 piglets per group in a pen. On average, piglets had a weight of 27±4.4kg at the start of experiments and 40kg±6.5 at the end. For the purpose of individual identification, basic patterns were painted on the back of the pigs. Each pen was monitored by a top-view CCD camera.Ellipse fitting algorithms were employed to localise pigs. Consequently, individual pigs could be identified by their respective paint pattern using pattern recognition techniques. Taking visual labelling of videos by an experienced ethologist as the gold standard, pigs could be identified with an average accuracy of 88.7%. It was also shown that behaviours such as resting can be monitored using the presented technique.

Stereoscopic 3D image stylization

We present a method for stylizing stereoscopic 3D images that guarantees consistency between the left and right views. Our method decomposes the left and right views of an input image into discretized disparity layers and merges the corresponding layers from the left and right views into a single layer where stylization takes place. We then construct new stylized left and right views by compositing portions of the stylized layers. Because the new left and right views come from the same stylized source layers, our method eliminates common stylization artifacts that cause viewer discomfort. We also present a stereoscopic 3D painterly rendering algorithm tailored to our layer-based approach. This method uses disparity information to assist in stroke creation so that strokes follow surface geometry without ignoring painted surface patterns. Finally, we conduct a user study that demonstrates that our approach to stereoscopic 3D image stylization leads to images that are more comfortable to view than those created using other techniques.

Defining contemporary art: 25 years in 200 pivotal artworks

In the mid-1980s the sprouting of new movements that had driven modern art since the nineteenth century finally went dormant, sputtering out with a few last half-hearted labels ('pattern painting', 'neo-geo', 'commodity art'). But this was not the end of art history - far from it. In the years since, art's creative development has remained more vibrant than ever, resulting in a diversity of new forms that is truly staggering. Defining Contemporary Art responds to this unique landscape with an innovative approach to art history. Selected by the eight most prominent curators working today, all of whom have both witnessed and shaped this period, Defining Contemporary Art today tells the story of the 200 pivotal artworks of the past 25 years. With insightful texts and generous illustrations, it offers the most complete, accurate and easy-to-use guide to the history of contemporary art. A vital sourcebook for historians and art practitioners, it is also an accessible introduction for anyone eager to understand the art of our time.

Optical Camouflage Checkout Simulation Method Based on Visual Technology

At present, many researchers doubt the suitability of pattern painting effect under current reconnaissance conditions. This is mainly owing to expensive expenses of aero photography. The paper probes into and utilizes the visual scene of three-dimension to simulate the aero photography, and carries on the simulation detection research of optical camouflage effect, then carries on the optimum seeking and optimization to the simulated pattern painting designed in the paper.

フエ王宮宮殿建築・太和殿における柱髹飾技術の復原的研究

The focus of this paper is reconstruction study of painting pattern analyze between columns and flat plan of “Thai Hoa” palace. At 1st is characterized by dragon head and extremities, classified into two type water in the mouth or not. 2nd,dragon head and tail take the symmetry axis of the body is wrapped in a spiral pattern is arranged. 3rd,when considering dragon pattern placement, the building borders the central axis plan is placed symmetrically. Dragon is one of the highest prestige, overlapping pattern of spiral structure and symmetry, suggest that the concept of spatial correlation and building decoration.