Pattern Of Uveitis Research Articles

Clinical Course and Pattern of Uveitis in Western Iran

Background: Demographic characteristics apparently play a critical role in the incidence and prevalence of uveitis in different societies. Numerous studies have investigated the demographic-epidemiological factors and clinical patterns of uveitis in Iran; however, no study has been conducted in the west of the country yet. Objectives: To assessed epidemiologic pattern of uveitis in patients residing in the west of Iran. Methods: This study investigated 358 files of uveitis patients referring to the specialized retina-uveitis clinics in a referral hospital in the west of Iran from March 2016 to September 2022. The demographic characteristics, clinical patterns, and complications of uveitis were evaluated in this study. Results: The uveitis patients’ mean age (± SD) at the diagnosis time was 48.14 (± 11.91) years (18 - 72 years), the patients with anterior uveitis had the lowest mean age (45.47 ± 11.54 years), and the patients with panuveitis had the highest mean age (52.90 ± 10.14 years) at the diagnosis time. The prevalence of the disease was equal in both genders; however, posterior uveitis and panuveitis significantly involved males more than females (P < 0.01 and 0.01 respectively). The most common anatomical pattern of involvement belonged to anterior uveitis (34%), followed by panuveitis (23.4%), posterior uveitis (22.9%), and intermediate uveitis (19.5%). The prevalent etiology in anterior, intermediate, and panuveitis were idiopathic and Toxoplasma chorioretinitis was the most common causes in posterior uveitis (34.14%). Moreover, acute clinical course and non-granulomatous pathology were also more prevalent. The most common complications of the disease were cataracts and cystoid macular edema (CME). Also, patients with panuveitis followed by posterior uveitis had the worse visual prognosis. Conclusions: The predominant pattern of involvement in patients referring to the referral center in the west of Iran was in the form of anterior uveitis, acute in terms of clinical course, and non-granulomatous in terms of pathology. This clinical view for evaluation in a referral center differs from the pattern expected to be observed in the general population and even in general ophthalmology centers.

Quantiferon-TB Gold Test in Diagnosis of Tubercular Uveitis

Background: Tuberculosis can occur in eye as a result of an active infection or immunological reaction to the tuberculosis antigen. One of the most accurate tests for suspected ocular tuberculosis is the Quantiferon TB Gold (QFT-G) test, which has a higher specificity than the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) especially among persons vaccinated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and the fact that most environmental mycobacteria give TST positive results. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed thirty nine presumed ocular tuberculosis cases who had both TST and QFT-G test prior to anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) in the National Institute of Ophthalmology and Hospital and Vision Eye Hospital, Dhaka from January, 2019 to December, 2021. Patients who had concomitant pulmonary or other extra pulmonary tuberculosis were excluded from the study. Results: The most common anatomical type of uveitis was posterior uveitis 24(61.5%) and vasculitis retinae 8(20.5%) was the commonest form of specific pattern of uveitis. MT test was positive in 18(46.2%) and QFT-G test was positive in 17 (43.6%) patients. Multifocal choroiditis was commonest form of QFT-G positive uveitis 5(29.5%). There was no significant association of positive QFT-G test with any subset of uveitis (p>0.05). Conclusion: As our study found no significant association of positive QFT-G in patients with any anatomical variety of uveitis or specific variety of uveitis we should advice QFT-G judicially to patients of suspected TBU who have positive TST.

Pattern of uveitis in a referral ophthalmology center in Northeastern Thailand

PurposeTo report the characteristics and epidemiology of uveitis in a university-based referral center in northeastern Thailand and review the uveitis patterns present in various regions worldwide.MethodsA retrospective review of all medical records for new patients visiting the uveitis clinic at Srinagarind hospital, Khon Kaen University, between August 2016 and June 2021, was conducted.ResultsA total of 522 uveitis patients were included in this study. Disease etiologies were categorized as non-infectious 35.8% (187/522), infectious 32.8% (171/522), and undetermined cause 31.4% (164/522). Specific diagnoses were established in 68.6% of cases. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) (14.2%) was identified as the most common specific diagnosis, and tuberculosis (6.7%) ranked highest among infectious causes.ConclusionsAlthough non-infectious uveitis is observed predominantly in this region, the proportion of infectious uveitis is relatively more common than in developed countries. We have found no cause for one-third of our patients despite the utilization of PCR and serology for diagnostic purposes.

Reggio Emilia (Northern Italy) Interdisciplinary Uveitis Clinic: What We Have Learned in the Last 20 Years

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the referral patterns and the clinical and therapeutic features of patients diagnosed with uveitis in an Italian tertiary referral center to provide a comparison with previously published series from the same center. Methods Retrospective retrieval of data on all new referrals to the Ocular Immunology Unit in Reggio Emilia (Italy) between November 2015 and April 2022 and comparison with previously published series from the same center. Results Among the 1557 patients, the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.27. Anterior uveitis was the most common diagnosis (53.7%), followed by posterior (21.6%), pan- (18.5%), and intermediate (6.2%) uveitis. The most identifiable specific diagnoses were anterior herpetic uveitis (18.4%), Fuchs uveitis (12.8%), and tuberculosis (6.1%). Infectious etiologies were the most frequent (34.1%) and were more diffuse among non-Caucasian patients (p < 0.001), followed by systemic disease-associated uveitis (26.5%), and ocular-specific conditions (20%). Idiopathic uveitis accounted for 19.4% of cases. Fuchs uveitis presented the longest median diagnostic delay (21 months). Immunosuppressants were administered to 25.2% of patients. Antimetabolites, calcineurin inhibitors, and biologicals were prescribed to 18.4%, 3%, and 11.4% of cases, respectively. Compared to our previous reports, we observed a significant increase in foreign-born patients and in infectious uveitis, a decrease in idiopathic conditions, and an increasing use of non-biological and biological steroid-sparing drugs. Conclusions The patterns of uveitis in Italy have been changing over the last 20 years, very likely due to migration flows. Diagnostic improvements and a more widespread interdisciplinary approach could reduce the incidence of idiopathic uveitis as well as diagnostic delay.

Noninfectious Uveitis in Rheumatology: Patterns, Treatment, and Outcomes.

The present study aimed to determine the pattern and cause of noninfectious uveitisin rheumatology practice. The secondary objective was to identify the pattern of treatment and outcomes. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital and Medical Centre, Lahore, Pakistan. After receiving consent, electronic medical records (EMRs) of all patients with a diagnosis of noninfectious uveitis (NIU) from November 2019 to January 2023 were reviewed,and a total of 52 patients labeled as having noninfectious uveitis were identified. The collected data included age at diagnosis, anatomical location of uveitis, associated systemic disease, used medications, and outcomes.All cases had been diagnosed and assessed mutually by a rheumatologist and an ophthalmologist using the International Uveitis Study Group classification system to classify the pattern of uveitis by location, clinical course, and laterality and rule out the possibility of other ophthalmologic diseases. Disease activity was defined using the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) guidelines. Data was analyzed on SPSS Statistics version 23 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). The mean age of the patients in this study was 36.02 ± 43.31 years, with31 (59.6%) male patients. Anterior uveitis was the most common type observed among the patients at 55.8%,panuveitis was found in 25%, intermediate uveitis and posterior uveitis were seen in 9.6% each. Based on laterality, unilateral eye involvement was identified in 53.8% of patients. Spondyloarthritis (SpA)and idiopathic uveitis were observedin 34.6% and 28.8%, respectively. In this study, 28 (54.9%) patients were on conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDDs), and 23 (45.1%) were on biological DMARDs. In the biologics group, 82% of patients were in remission in comparison to 60% in the cDMARDs group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report onnoninfectious uveitis in the Pakistani population. The study concluded that anterior uveitis is the most common type of uveitis and is more common in males. Spondyloarthropathy is one of the most common underlying systemic diseases. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27is associated more with uveitis. Biologics are more effective than cDMARDs in controlling the disease.Collaborative work between different specialties resulted in early diagnosis of underlying systemic disease, better management plans, and disease outcomes. To obtain further details on noninfectiousuveitis, a population-based study is needed in Pakistan.

E090 Secondary care collaborative service to reduce time to diagnosis in axial spondyloarthropathy: retrospective study from Leicester combined rheumatology-uveitis service

Abstract Background/Aims The time from symptom onset to diagnosis of axial spondyloarthropathy (SpA) in the UK is 8.5 years. Previous studies show that half of patients with anterior uveitis are HLA-B27 positive and half of those have SpA. At University Hospitals of Leicester, there is a combined rheumatology-ophthalmology clinic to help reduce this diagnostic delay and help foster a collaborative approach. Our aims are to evaluate the cohort of HLA-B27 positive patients presenting with uveitis to University Hospitals of Leicester (UHL), a busy tertiary centre serving a multi-ethnic region. Secondly, to assess what proportion of these patients are diagnosed with SpA. Methods All patients presenting to University Hospitals of Leicester with uveitis between 2011 and 2021 were identified on a database kept by the ophthalmology department. Patient details were examined retrospectively using clinic letters and the electronic reporting system for HLA-B27 status, age, ethnicity, pattern of uveitis, use of systemic therapy, associated rheumatic disease, and whether subsequent imaging was performed to establish a diagnosis of SpA. Results Of 2159 patients presenting with uveitis, 482 were tested for HLA-B27 (213 were positive and 269 negative). Of the 213 HLA-B27 positive patients, mean age was 45.5 years (SD 15.6 years). There were 106 males and 107 females. Right eye, left eye and bilateral uveitis was diagnosed in 73, 66, and 74 patients, respectively. Uveitis was classified as acute, recurrent, chronic, and not stated in 88, 77, 46, and two patients, respectively. Among the HLA-B27 positive patients, systemic treatment was used for the uveitis in 51 patients. This includes oral steroids in 32 patients, and methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, adalimumab, sulfasalazine, and hydroxychloroquine used in seven, four, four, two, one, and one patient, respectively. Of the 213 patients positive for HLA-B27, 66 had pre-existing diagnoses. The most common was axial SpA in 48 patients. The remaining included four patients with IBD, four with JIA, four with RA, two with psoriatic arthritis, two with psoriasis, one with reactive arthritis, and one with sarcoidosis. Of the remaining 147 patients without an established rheumatic disease, 43 were referred to rheumatology (six of these to the combined clinic). Of these 43 patients, 32 underwent MRI with inflammatory back pain protocol, and 12 of these showed features consistent with axial SpA. Two patients were diagnosed with peripheral SpA. In the remaining patients, four are awaiting a rheumatology appointment, and five did not attend. In the patients referred to rheumatology, there were 39 Caucasians, two Asians, one mixed-race and one Afro-Caribbean patient. Conclusion We demonstrated a significant improvement in time to diagnosis with this service. It also demonstrated improvement of patient care and quality of life. Disclosure A. Jubber: None. S. Ganguly: None. J. Sabu: None. C. Betteridge: None. P. Kumar: None. A. Moorthy: None.

Commentary: Optical coherence angiography in intermediate uveitis: What is the scope?

Intermediate uveitis is a subset of uveitis where the vitreous is the primary site of inflammation. It is associated with an infection or systemic disease.[1] The disease affects individuals in all age groups but predominantly affects the third to the fourth decade.[2] In India, the incidence of intermediate uveitis is 1.4/100,000 and its prevalence is 0.25%.[3] Ocular inflammation can cause vascular occlusion, ischemia, capillary leak, and alteration of cellular mediators. Due to the sequalae of uveitis, sight-threatening ocular complications such as macula edema are seen. Early identification, treatment, and monitoring play a crucial role in visual recovery. Regardless of the anatomical location of uveitis, the most common complication of uveitis is macula edema. This is due to the release of inflammatory cytokines that disrupt the inner and outer blood-retina barrier. These changes occur even in anterior uveitis, presumably due to diffusion of inflammatory mediators in the vitreous. Imaging in uveitis is a game changer in the practice patterns of uveitis. Pro-imaging strategies have helped the clinician improvise the quality of eye care and play an important tool in management of ocular inflammation. With the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), an insight into the retinal microvascular changes provides additional information in the pathophysiological changes in uveitis.[4] Based on the definition of intermediate uveitis, the primary site of inflammation is in the vitreous and peripheral retina.[1] Acquiring images of the pars plana, ciliary body, and the peripheral retina is beyond the reach of OCTA. Though there are numerous studies on the microvasculature changes on OCTA in various retinal diseases, little is known about the changes in intermediate uveitis. However, a recent study analyzed the quantitative analyses of macular vascular structures in intermediate uveitis. They demonstrated significantly reduced vascular density in both superficial and deep retinal layers in intermediate uveitis patients [Table 1].[5]Table 1: Studies on OCTA in intermediate uveitisIn a case–control study on intermediate uveitis, reduced vascular density and complexity in superficial as well as deep retinal layers and altered choriocapillaris perfusion were detected. These alterations in OCTA indicates an impairment of the macular microvasculature even in the absence of macular edema.[6] Tian et al.[7] also reported that intermediate uveitis and vasculitis presented with reduced central vessel density. On OCTA, capillary non-perfusion and reduced perfusion was observed more in the choroid, choriocapillaris, and deep capillary plexus than in the superficial capillary plexus. Intermediate uveitis with vasculitis presented more with non-perfusion and hypoperfusion in the deep capillary plexus and superficial capillary plexus than intermediate uveitis without vasculitis. Ischemia on fluorescein angiogram was associated with non-perfusion on wide-field OCTA in superficial and deep capillary plexus. Tian et al.[8] reported another prospective: a cross-sectional study to evaluate vascular changes in patients with intermediate uveitis with or without vasculitis (wide-field montage and central 3 × 3 mm slabs). Though the wide-field images gave important information about peripheral vascular changes, their lower resolution limited the detectability of flow alterations compared to the high resolution of the central scans. Microvascular changes in eyes with intermediate uveitis were found at the level of the superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus, the choriocapillaris, and the choroid. Also, a change of central vascular density found in the central scans did not correlate to alterations found on wide-field OCTA. They also concluded that rather than the presence of an epiretinal membrane and a macula edema, intermediate uveitis had an alteration on the foveal avascular zone size. Capillary changes may be also found beyond the posterior pole on wide-field OCTA. The differences in capillary density and morphology that was detected in uveitis patients shows that the effects of intraocular inflammation can be quantitatively measured even within a 3 × 3 mm2 parafoveal window.[8] Along with investigating the gross changes in the peripheral retina with wide-field imaging studies, OCTA assessment of changes in the parafoveal capillary density and branching complexity provides a unique assessment of disease severity that is not otherwise available. Surprisingly, not only the retinal vasculature is altered but also the choriocapillaris and the choroid is affected in intermediate uveitis. This definitely indicates that long-term studies on this domain are needed. Data on active eyes with intermediate uveitis are sparse. Hence, we would need to evaluate the disease activity which can be visualized using OCTA.

Pattern of Uveitis at a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and Comparison with Local Literature

ABSTRACT Purpose To explore the patterns of uveitis in a main ophthalmic referral center in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective chart review of uveitis cases was conducted in a tertiary eye hospital for five years. In addition, a comprehensive review of Saudi publications about uveitis patterns in the literature. Results Out of 222 patients included, 54.4% were females, with a mean age of 38.5 years. Uveitis was bilateral in 55.7%, non-granulomatous in 55.9%, and infectious in 11.3%. Most of the cases were anterior uveitis (51.1%), followed by panuveitis (26%), intermediate uveitis (12.8%), and posterior uveitis (10%). Apart from idiopathic cases (43.7%), the most common diagnoses were Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (11.3%) and Behcet's disease (7.7%) in adults. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (7.2%) was commonest among children. Posterior synechiae was the leading complication (32.0%), followed by cataracts (22.8%). Conclusions VKH and Behçet disease were the primary non-idiopathic etiologies in Saudi Arabia.

Pattern of uveitis in a rural eye care hospital in Tamil

Pattern of uveitis in a rural eye care hospital in Tamil

Pattern of uveitis in a tertiary eye care hospital in hilly area of North India

Pattern of uveitis in a tertiary eye care hospital in hilly area of North India

Pattern of Uveitis in a Tertiary Hospital in North Jordan and the Impact of Behcet's Disease.

The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of autoimmune-mediated uveitis in relation to other diseases and to describe the clinical patterns of uveitis in a single tertiary hospital in north Jordan. A cross-sectional retrospective review was performed. We included all patients diagnosed with uveitis in King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) ophthalmology clinic and/or patients referred to KAUH rheumatology clinics for evaluation of suspected autoimmune mediated uveitis or for difficult to treat uveitis. This included patients from January 2015 to January 2019. Data collected about patients' age, sex, anatomical location of the disease, etiology, treatment, complications, and outcomes on vision loss were analyzed. A total of 221 patients were included in our study. The mean (±SD) age was 36 (±16) years. A total of 111 patients were female and 110 were male with a ratio of 1 : 1. Noninfectious uveitis was found to be more common than infectious uveitis (95% vs. 5% respectively). Autoimmune-mediated uveitis accounted for 40% of the total cases. The most common causes of autoimmune-mediated uveitis included Behcet's disease (n = 41, 19%) and seronegative spondyloarthropathy (n = 29, 13%). The majority of patients (n = 207, 94%) were treated with ophthalmic eye drops, cDMARDs (n = 101, 46%), biologics (n = 33, 15%), and colchicine (n = 30, 14%). Autoimmune-mediated uveitis, most commonly associated with Behcet's disease and seronegative spondyloarthropathy, represents a high percentage of uveitis in our area. This implies the need for a high index of suspicion at the time of evaluation.

The patterns of uveitis and the factors affecting visual outcome from Chulalongkorn University Uveitis Cohort (CU2C): A 5-year longitudinal study protocol.

BackgroundIn Thailand, several novel laboratory investigations are recently available to help differentiate the uveitic etiologies. The update on uveitis epidemiological data in Thailand is necessary to better understand the disease burden and provide guidance on management. The current study aims to describe the prevalence and identify factors associated with poor visual outcomes of uveitis patients at a tertiary center in Thailand.MethodsA 5-year-prospective study of uveitis cases presented at a tertiary referral center in the central region of Thailand is conducted.

A STUDY ON THE PATTERN OF UVEITIS AND SEASONAL VARIATION IN THE INCIDENCE OF UVEITIS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Purpose:The aim was to study the pattern of uveitis and any seasonal variation in the incidence of uveitis at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A observational study was conducted on 150 patients of all new uveitis cases between August 2019 to August 2021 at a tertiary care hospital, J.L.N. medical college and hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan. We grouped the months into winter, autumn, monsoon, spring and summer according to Indian season. Patients were screened a detailed clinical and laboratory investigation to nd out there clinical etiological causes. Results: There was male predominance (56.7%) with male to female ratio 1.3:1. We found more unilateral (76%) uveitis with more Right eye (38.7%) involvement. Anterior uveitis 97(64.66%) followed by 26(17.34%) Posterior uveitis, 23(15.34%) Intermediate uveitis and rest 4 (2.66%) Panuveitis in anatomical presentation. The incidence of uveitis increases in winter season 49(32.7%) followed by spring 35(23.3%), autumn 33(22.0%), monsoon 26(17.3%) and summer 7(4.7%). Conclusions: Non-infectious uveitis were more common followed by infectious. Idiopathic and HLA-B27 associated uveitis were most common entity and ocular tuberculosis was leading cause of infectious entity. Seasonally uveitis were more in winter, spring and less in summer.

Pattern of uveitis from a tertiary eye care center in Himalayan belt of North India.

Purpose:To study the clinical characteristics of uveitis in patients presenting to a tertiary care institute in the northern part of India, predominantly serving the population of Himalayan belt.Methods:In this retrospective descriptive case series, data of 141 eyes of 102 patients diagnosed between January 2019 and January 2021 were analyzed. Patients were diagnosed, named, and meshed as per the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature. A panel of investigations (systemic and ocular ancillary investigations) were done, which was individualized according to the clinical picture.Results:The mean age of presentation was 39.1 ± 14.62 years. A male predominance (62.7%) was noted. Unilateral presentation was seen in 61.8% of patients. Specific etiological diagnosis was not reached in 56.7% of cases. The incidence of infectious and noninfectious uveitis was 23.4% and 19.9%, respectively. The frequency of anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis was 23.4%, 11.3%, 46.8%, and 18.5%, respectively. Posterior uveitis was the most frequent anatomical location (46.8%). Tuberculous uveitis was the most common definitive etiology irrespective of location (18.5%). Anterior, intermediate, and posterior uveitis were more frequently idiopathic in origin. Sympathetic ophthalmitis was the most common cause for panuveitis.Conclusion:Uveitis significantly affected the working age group population. Despite the evolution of diagnostic investigations, etiology remained unknown in many cases of uveitis. Infectious etiology was more common. Posterior uveitis as the most frequent anatomical location in our study may be attributed to the tertiary care referral bias.

Pattern of uveitis in a rural eye care hospital in Tamil Nadu

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse the pattern of uveitis in a rural eye care hospital in Tamil Nadu. Understanding the shifting paradigm in uveitis, demographic differences in presentation, early diagnosis and treatment are very important in preventing ocular morbidity. Settings and Design: Retrospective Case study. Materials and Methods: Analysis of all the new cases of uveitis registered in our uvea clinic between December 2020 and April 2021 was done. Comprehensive eye examination and tailored investigations were done. Results: Among the 85 new cases of uveitis registered in the uvea clinic, 78 patients were included in the study. The mean age at presentation was 38.38 and ranged (4–77) years. The male: female ratio was 0.73. Anterior uveitis was the commonest type of uveitis (44.87%) followed by intermediate uveitis (24.35%), posterior uveitis (17.94%) and pan uveitis (12.82%). Aetiology was unknown in 30.76% (24/78) cases. HLA B27 association was noted in 22.8% of anterior uveitis cases. Sixteen patients had tuberculous aetiology. Ocular complications were noted in about 23.07% of patients and cataract was the most common complication. Conclusions: This study aims at analysing the pattern of uveitis in a rural area. Understanding the aetiology of uveitis whether infectious or autoimmune is of paramount importance to advice tailored investigations and to start early specific treatment. Delay in presentation and irregular follow-up, especially in patients from rural areas would result in permanent damage to ocular tissues and loss of visual function.

Pattern of uveitis in general Ophthalmology practice

Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the pattern of uveitis in a General Ophthalmology Clinic in North Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Case records of uveitis seen from June 2015 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Data regarding the patients' age, sex, anatomical location of the disease, and etiology were analyzed. Results: A total of 119 records were reviewed. The mean age at the presentation was 40.4 years with a male preponderance. The majority of unilateral cases had anterior uveitis. We could establish a specific diagnosis in 63.9% of cases. The most common noninfectious etiology was spondyloarthropathy causing anterior uveitis (19.3%) and tuberculosis causing posterior uveitis is the most common form of infective etiology (12.9%). Conclusion: Our study revealed that anterior uveitis of noninfectious etiology is more frequently encountered by general/comprehensive ophthalmologists. In our region, the most common cause of anterior uveitis was spondyloarthropathy, whereas infectious etiology must be considered in posterior uveitis, and the most common etiology in our region was tuberculosis.

Causes and characteristics of uveitis cases at a reference university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of uveitis cases treated at University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho and to identify the presentation pattern of intraocular inflammation on the basis of clinical, anatomical, etiological, and demographic criteria. A retrospective study was conducted using data from the medical records of 408 patients with active disease who attended the ophthalmology service between March and October 2018. Age, sex, visual acuity at the time of diagnosis, anatomical and etiological diagnoses, the clinical aspect, and the main symptoms reported during anamnesis were described. Of the 408 patients in the study, 52% were male and 48% were female. The patients' mean age was 42 years, and most (84%) were between 19 and 64 years old. Anterior uveitis was observed in 37.75% of the patients; posterior uveitis, in 49.75%; panuveitis, in 4.66%; and intermediate uveitis, in 3.43%. Only 18 patients (4.41%) presented with scleritis. Of the 390 patients with anatomical classifications, 76% had known etiologies, with the most prevalent diagnoses being toxoplasmosis (35.4%), followed by juvenile idiopathic arthritis (6.4%), ankylosing spondylitis (5.9%), and syphilis (4.9%). Infectious uveitis corresponded to 49.7% of the patients, while 26.6% of the cases were of noninfectious origin. Anterior uveitis had the highest number of cases classified as idiopathic (49.4%). In the cases of posterior uveitis, the etiology was established 94% of the time. The most frequent symptoms were ocular pain (71.8%) and blurring vision (56.8%). The present study confirmed the historical importance of infectious uveitis in our population, especially ocular toxoplasmosis. Uveitis appears to have no predilection for sex but mainly affects young people of working age, thus generating social and economic consequences. Despite the evolution of diagnostic methods, idiopathic uveitis remains one of the major etiologies. Epidemiological studies point to different presentation patterns of uveitis in different populations, but these may reflect the distinct characteristics of each institution.

Patterns of Uveitis at the Tertiary Eye Care Clinic of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Purpose: To describe the clinical characteristics and the etiology of uveitis in a retrospective series of patients referred to the Tertiary Eye Care Clinic of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of all patients who presented to consultation between January 2010 and December 2012. The time of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 4 years. Each patient underwent an ophthalmic and general clinical examination, and an etiological assessment according to the diagnostic hypotheses was carried out. Results: 115 cases of uveitis were diagnosed, giving a prevalence of 0.6% of all diagnoses at the hospital. Men represented 51.3% of patients, with a sex ratio of 1:1. The mean age of the patient at presentation ± SD was 42.4 ± 18.3 years (Range: 8-80 years). At the initial consultation, 53% of patients had visual impairment (VA &lt;6/18). Anterior (50.4%) and posterior (26.1%) uveitis were the most frequent anatomical types of uveitis among patients. The etiology of uveitis could not be determined in 58 patients (50.4%). Uveitis from infectious causes accounted for 44.3% and non-infectious causes 5.2%. During follow-up, 34.8% of patients developed a complication; cataracts (27.8%) and retinal detachment (8.7%) were the most common complications. Conclusion: Infectious causes account for most cases on most studies of uveitis in the Sub-Saharan. Visual impairment and complications are frequent among patients. Limitations in diagnostic techniques and financial resources impose a challenge for etiological diagnosis and patient care.

The Pattern of Uveitis in a Pediatric Population at a Tertiary Center in Thailand

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe the clinical characteristics and longitudinal pattern of visual acuity (VA) of pediatric patients with uveitis at a tertiary center in Thailand. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of children with uveitis ≤16 years who presented to the clinic between January 2010 and June 2020. Results The mean age at onset was 9.1(±4.3) years; the main characteristics were chronic (64.4%), unilateral (68.6%), and panuveitis (39%). The common etiologies were ocular toxoplasmosis (11.9%), herpetic uveitis (10.2%), and ocular toxocariasis (6.8%). Further, 40% of the eyes presented with VA of ≤20/200; mean VA at baseline improved from 0.93 to 0.72 logMAR at 3 months after presentation (P < .001), the baseline VA of ≤20/200 was significantly associated with poor VA outcome at 1 year. Conclusion Chronic, unilateral, and panuveitis represented the majority of our children with uveitis. Infectious etiology was common. Significant VA improvement can be achieved with optimum management.

Clinical patterns of Uveitis in a Regional Eye Institute of North India

Background: Uveitis encompasses many conditions, all characterized by inflammation of the uvealtract either directly or indirectly. It can occur at any age but predominantly affects patients in theworking-age group. Objective: To report the clinical pattern of Uveitis in North India. Settings andDesign: A prospective study in a regional eye institute. Methods: After taking informed consent,100 patients with Uveitis aged 20–60 years were recruited from eye OPD between 2012- 2014.Detailed history, complete ophthalmic examination, standard diagnostic laboratory tests andradiographic studies wherever required were made. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive.Results: The mean age being 41.55 years. There were 57% males and 43% females with 32%acute uveitis and 68% chronic uveitis cases. Anterior Uveitis was seen in 83% of patients, followedby posterior Uveitis (7%), pan-uveitis (6%) and intermediate Uveitis (4%). A definite associationwith the systemic disease was determined in 27% of cases. The most frequently observed systemicdiseases were ankylosing spondylitis, Tuberculosis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus (6% cases each).This was followed by HIV (3%), sarcoidosis (3%), ulcerative colitis (2%) and endophthalmitis (1%).No specific aetiology or association with systemic diseases could be established in 73% of cases. Inmost cases, the systemic disease was not suspected before eye involvement and was recognizedonly after the subsequent diagnostic procedures. Conclusion: The etiological diagnosis of Uveitis isoften challenging as there are marked variations in ocular and systemic signs and symptoms. Asignificant number of cases may unfold with the evolution of advanced techniques.