Successional Patterns Research Articles

Early life microbial succession in the gut follows common patterns in humans across the globe

Characterizing the dynamics of microbial community succession in the infant gut microbiome is crucial for understanding child health and development, but no normative model currently exists. Here, we estimate child age using gut microbial taxonomic relative abundances from metagenomes, with high temporal resolution (±3 months) for the first 1.5 years of life. Using 3154 samples from 1827 infants across 12 countries, we trained a random forest model, achieving a root mean square error of 2.56 months. We identified key taxonomic predictors of age, including declines in Bifidobacterium spp. and increases in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lachnospiraceae. Microbial succession patterns are conserved across infants from diverse human populations, suggesting universal developmental trajectories. Functional analysis confirmed trends in key microbial genes involved in feeding transitions and dietary exposures. This model provides a normative benchmark of “microbiome age” for assessing early gut maturation that may be used alongside other measures of child development.

Successional patterns of diatom communities in a restored thermo-mineral spring: a fifteen-month study in the Massif Central, France

ABSTRACT Throughout history, mineral springs have been utilized worldwide for various purposes. In the French Massif Central, numerous mineral springs, such as the CO2-rich Ceix Spring, have been historically significant. The Ceix spring was formerly used for the manufacture of statuettes by petrifying objects. In December 2019, the spring was restored to create a natural area downstream the point of emergence (water catchment that remains confined within a small, enclosed building), including the formation of spring-associated travertines. From January 2020 to March 2021, the evolution of diatom communities was monitored during the implementation of the travertine deposit following the restoration. Four sampling sites for diatoms and water quality were selected: two points near the emergence point of the restored area (P1, P2) and two at the foot of the travertine deposit (P3, P4). A significant difference was observed between the points closest to the emergence and those on the travertines, including changes in mineralization, increased pH, and higher dissolved oxygen content. Regarding diatoms, the community composition between points P1, P2 (e.g. Amphora copulata, Diploneis krammeri, Fallacia pygmaea) and points P3, P4 (e.g. Craticula halophila, Cymbella hantzschiana, Mastogloia lacustris) showed a statistically significant difference, indicating that water quality primarily controlled the diatom community composition.

Patterns of paternity: insights into mating competition and gene flow in a recovering population of humpback whales.

Variation in reproductive success is a fundamental prerequisite for sexual selection to act upon a trait. Assessing such variation is crucial in understanding a species' mating system and offers insights into population growth. Parentage analyses in cetaceans are rare, and the underlying forces of sexual selection acting on their mating behaviours remain poorly understood. Here, we combined 25 years of photo-identification and genetic data to assess patterns of male reproductive success and reproductive autonomy of the New Caledonian (Oceania, South Pacific) humpback whale breeding population. Paternity analysis of 177 mother-offspring pairs and 936 males revealed low variation in male reproductive success (average 1.17 offspring per father) relative to other polygynous species. The observed skew in success was higher than expected under random mating and skewed overall towards males (93%) without evidence of paternity over the study period. Finally, an updated male gametic mark-recapture abundance estimate of 2084 (95% confidence interval = 1761-2407, 1995-2019) fell between previous census estimates of the New Caledonian population and the wider Oceanian metapopulation. Our results provide critical insights into the mating competition of male humpback whales and population dynamics across Oceanian populations, two important factors affecting the slow recovery from whaling across the South Pacific region.

An experimental test of eco-evolutionary dynamics on rocky shores.

A growing body of theoretical studies and laboratory experiments has focused attention on reciprocal feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary processes. However, uncertainty remains about whether such eco-evolutionary feedbacks have an important or negligible influence on natural communities. Thus, recent discussions call for field experiments that explore whether selection on phenotypic variation within populations leads to contemporaneous effects on community dynamics. To help fill this gap, in this study, we test the hypothesis that selection on consumer traits in a population of predatory drilling snails can drive eco-evolutionary dynamics in a rocky intertidal community in California, USA. We first conducted a laboratory selection experiment to raise newly hatched dogwhelks (Nucella canaliculata) on four diet treatments encompassing a range of prey species and shell thicknesses. Snails that survived to adulthood under these diet treatments differed in their capacity to drill thick-shelled mussels. Dogwhelks from these treatment groups were then outplanted to intertidal field cages for 1 year to test whether groups experiencing selection differed in their effects on mussel bed succession. As expected, succession proceeded most rapidly in the reference treatment with dogwhelks excluded. However, successional patterns differed minimally among dogwhelks raised under the different diet treatments. Thus, although our laboratory results suggest that prey can impose selection that leads to rapid adaptation and divergent consumer traits, these feedbacks were not strong enough to result in clear community effects in the field. We propose that a limited range of variation in functional traits within populations, moderate strengths of selection, and a background of substantial abiotic and biotic variation may all act to dampen the potential for strong eco-evolutionary dynamics in this and many other natural communities.

How to develop nature-based solutions for revegetation on abandoned farmland in the Loess Plateau of China?

Adequate revegetation of abandoned farmland acts as a defence against desertification and soil loss, and can help remove carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, thereby playing an important role in regulating regional climate change. Legume, a nitrogen-fixation species, which could effectively improve vegetation coverage to control soil erosion, was widely used for revegetation. However, the dynamics of soil and plant development after legume introduction on abandoned farmland remain unclear. A 16-year in situ experiment including three treatments, natural abandonment (fallow), planting of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) was conducted on bare farmland of the Loess Plateau in 2003-2018. The results showed that initially introduced species significantly affected the potential succession patterns in the community. Alfalfa introduction decreased plant community stability (CS) and hindered plant species establishment in early successional stages due to inter/intraspecific competition caused by high aboveground biomass (AB). Plant CS was affected by species evenness, AB, revegetation time and revegetation methods. Sweet clover facilitated succession process by rapidly improving soil conditions (organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) and quickly exiting from the community after its life span to avoid further competitive effects. During 2003-2018, the soil (water storage, organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), plant (AB, CS), and ecological related variables (plant diversity and soil carbon sequestration) contributed 60.1%, 15.7% and 20.2%, respectively, to the ecosystem health. Alfalfa planting increased ecosystem health index (EHI) in the long-term while sweet clover favours plant diversity, providing less overall EHI but recover faster than natural abandonment community. We concluded that alfalfa introduction, which provides the greatest AB, is a good option for comprehensively improving ecosystems (e.g., soil nutrient sequestration and control soil erosion) if the site in question suffers from few disturbances. Sweet clover introduction, however, is recommendable for restoring native biodiversity effectively if disturbances are frequent.

Evidence of sewage discharge on the coalescence mechanism of aquatic microbial communities during high amplitude hydrological periods.

Microbial community coalescence is a ubiquitous ecological process in various ecosystems. However, limited research has addressed the effects of the coalescence on microbial ecological processes and network structure, particularly in the context of sewage discharge during high amplitude hydrological periods. Employing 16S rRNA sequencing and species source tracking analysis, we investigated the coalescence pattern of bacterioplankton in the Chishui river and sewage across various hydrological periods. The results demonstrated that the downstream bacterioplankton mainly originated from the upstream water body, and the sewage discharge from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) had less impact on the downstream bacterioplankton. In the low-water period, the bacterioplankton community showed significant coalescence, and the specialist species and functional taxa gathered in the downstream. Bacterioplankton displayed distinct ecological succession patterns after community coalescence, with notable variations in the abundance of dominant group. Bacterioplankton community assembly was dominated by stochastic processes in river and the sewage over different hydrological periods. The ecological networks exhibited the highest complexity in the high-water period, whereas their stability was most pronounced in the low-water period. Species diversity, as opposed to functional and phylogenetic diversity, might be a more accurate indicator to predict changes in microbial network structure. Our findings will provide new perspectives on the mechanisms of aquatic microbial community coalescence in natural environments.

Implementation Of Digital Learning To Improve Students' Learning Activity In The Subject Of Al-Qur'an Hadith

This study aims to examine the application of digital learning in the Al-Qur'an Hadith subject at MAN 1 West Aceh using the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method of the Kemmis-Taggart model. The results of the study indicate that digital learning is learning that uses digital technology to convey material to students, which can be done by using devices such as computers, tablets, and smartphones, using online learning platforms, using educational applications using the internet to search for sources of information and present learning materials contextually and delivering audio-visual materials in the form of text, graphics, animations, or videos. Success of Digital Learning Student scores (blue) tends to be higher than scores (green), especially in the aspects of Average, Max, and Mean, indicating the effectiveness of the application of digital learning on student activity in the Al-Qur'an Hadith subject. In terms of Data Diversity, the Standard Deviation (Std) and Variance (Var) have small values, indicating that student learning outcomes are quite consistent, with little deviation between students. Meanwhile, in terms of value distribution, the maximum student value is very high, almost reaching 100%, indicating that there are students who are very active and involved. The value mode is also significant, indicating a consistent pattern of success in the majority of students and in terms of Score Gap and score values (green) have much smaller values than the values​ (blue) on each indicator. This shows that the value as a representation of final achievement is more prominent than the initial score or other indicators.

Consistent prokaryotic successional dynamics across contrasting phytoplankton blooms

AbstractHeterotrophic prokaryotes play a vital role in organic matter cycling in the ocean and have been observed to undergo substrate‐controlled successions during phytoplankton blooms. However, there is limited understanding of the succession patterns during blooms triggered by upwelling events of different characteristics. Here we simulated eight upwelling scenarios of varying intensity and duration (single vs. recurring pulses) by adding nutrient‐rich mesopelagic waters into large‐scale mesocosms containing oligotrophic surface waters from the subtropical North Atlantic. Over a monitoring period of nearly 6 weeks, we observed that phytoplankton blooms displayed diverging outcomes depending on the upwelling mode: treatments with single upwelling pulses presented a unique, short‐lived bloom, whereas recurring upwelling resulted in blooms that were sustained over time. Prokaryotic abundances were positively related to upwelling intensity and presented three similar abundance cycles in all treatments, whereas heterotrophic activity differed between the two upwelling modes. The successional dynamics of free‐living and particle‐associated communities were consistent regardless of upwelling intensity and mode, with four or five prokaryotic assemblages sequentially proliferating during the experiment. Yet, some differences were observed in the taxa that formed the assemblages in both upwelling modes. Together, our results suggest that, despite differences in activity, prokaryotes seemed to be more influenced by processes taking place within the community than by phytoplankton bloom patterns, with similar succession dynamics even under widely distinct blooms. These findings can help advance our understanding on prokaryotic ecology and its relation to organic matter cycling across different upwelling scenarios.

Understanding the influence of plant genetic factors on rhizosphere microbiome assembly in Panax notoginseng.

Functional rhizosphere microbiomes (FRM) are critical for plant health and yield. However, the ecological succession of FRM and their links to plant genetic factors across the life cycle of perennial plants remain poorly understood. This study profiled FRM, including plant-beneficial bacteria (PBB) and fungal plant pathogens (FPP), across different developmental stages of Panax notoginseng. The biodiversity of both PBB and FPP were significantly higher in rhizosphere compared with farmland soil, and exhibited different succession patterns with plant growth. The relative abundance of PBB, but not FPP, decreased after plant cultivation. There were significantly negative correlations between FPP and PBB, particularly the biocontrol subgroup (ρ = -0.56, p < 0.001). The antagonistic effects of biocontrol bacteria against fungal pathogens were further validated by in vitro assays. The fitting of neutral community model indicated that the deterministic assembly of PBB, especially the biocontrol subgroup, was the strongest at the 3rd-year root growth stage of P. notoginseng. Plant genes involved in protein export, biosynthesis of alkaloids and amino acids were identified as drivers of the deterministic assembly of biocontrol subcommunity by RNA-Seq analysis. Additionally, a total of 13 transcription factors potentially regulating the expression of these biosynthesis genes were identified through co-expression network. In summary, this study unveils the succession patterns of FRM throughout the life cycle of P. notoginseng and the underlying plant genetic mechanisms, providing valuable insights for developing new plant disease management strategies by manipulating microbes.

Construction of the time since deposition (TsD) model in saliva stains with 16S rRNA full-length sequencing technology and microbial markers.

Determining the time since deposition (TsD) and sex of saliva stains is crucial for revealing the time of the crime's occurrence and clarifying the nature of the crime. This process not only shortens the time required to solve the case but also helps narrow down the scope of investigation, thereby enhancing the efficiency of case resolution. Currently, the forensic study of the microbial composition in long-term saliva stains remains a relatively underexplored field. The purpose of this study was to explore the succession pattern of long-placed human saliva stains microbial communities and identify relevant microbial markers for estimating TsD and identifying the sex of the donor, in order to be an effective alternative tool for solving practical forensic cases. Therefore, in this study, saliva stains exposed to indoor environmental conditions for up to 140days were collected and 16S rRNA full-length sequencing was performed using single-molecule real-time sequencing technology based on the PacBio sequencing platform. The study reveals that after 140days of placement, the relative abundance of Firmicutes significantly decreased (p = 0.00304). At the genus level, the relative abundances of Streptococcus (p = 0.0008), Rothia (p = 0.0448), Gemella (p = 0.016), and Veillonella (p = 0.0208) also significantly decreased. Additionally, significant differences were found in the microbial communities between saliva stains from males and females (p = 0.00013). Then, we constructed a TsD estimating model for microbial community markers based on random forest, and the results showed that the mean absolute error was 9.59days, and the accuracy of sex classification model based on stepwise logistic regression model and 4 bacterial markers was 84.21%. This indicates that saliva stains that have been in place for a long time still retain significant forensic value, and microbial markers can be used to determine the time since deposition (TsD) of dried saliva stains as well as to identify the sex of the donor.

High density sampling reveals the spatiotemporal characteristics of microbial communities in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant

Insights into the microbial communities in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are critical for the optimization of biological nutrient removal process. However, our understanding about the spatiotemporal characteristics of the microbial communities in WWTPs remains limited. In the present study, 264 samples were collected biweekly from four spatially independent corridors in a typical municipal WWTP. The annual compositional and metagenomic characteristics were investigated based on multiple ecological indicators using statistical tests. The results revealed that the microbial community compositions from the four corridors showed significantly high similarities, as revealed by the statistical analysis at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level. Consistent with the OTU level results, the functionality of the microbial communities in the four independent corridors also showed significant similarity. In comparison, the dynamics of the microbial community over the year showed two successional peaks of the microbial communities with the spatial similarity, and this resulted in three alternative stable states of the microbial communities in a calendar year. The microbial communities only drifted in July and November, suggesting an uneven community succession pattern driven by seasonal variation in environmental conditions. The functional characteristics were found to be relatively conservative compared to the microbial community succession, which revealed the decoupling between the composition and functionality of the microbial community in the municipal WWTP. The present study provides an in-depth overview of the microbial communities in a municipal WWTP and will be useful for the establishment of the connection between ecological characteristics and the operational stability of WWTPs.

Creation, Preservation and Documentation of Oral Tradition in Ancient Yorùbá and Hebraic Cultures

Oral tradition in both ancient Yoruba and Hebraic cultures has remained challenging in contemporary times. This study therefore comparatively examines the creation, preservation, and documentation of oral tradition in ancient Yoruba and Hebraic cultures with the view to evaluating its transition and historical trajectory. Historical narrative and documentary/archival research methods as well as Key Informant Interview (KII) employed in this study. Data was generated and subjected to content analysis. In Yoruba cosmology, oral traditions created were more concretized in the minds of people through cultural activities demonstrated in the form of moonlight stories, folktales, festivals, and so on that portrayed the community norms, beliefs, practices, and morals. These cultural practices become immortalized through repeated performances over a period and these cultures are being celebrated even to date. On the other hand, the Hebraic people believe that the oral tradition was a creation of God for man and that these traditions passed down orally in successive patterns from one generation to another prior to their documentation. Regarding, the preservation and documentation of oral tradition in ancient Yoruba, it is believed that it is passed from mouth to mouth and through stories from one lineage to another. However, for the Hebraic people, the oral traditions preserved before their documentation as observed in the Hebrew Scriptures as well as seen in the written “Torah” (the first five books of the Old Testament). Consequently, the Hebraic oral traditions preserved through memorization, documented first in the Mishnah and some other ancient documents. Preserved in stories that illustrated the model of a sage who was in the order of Moses and was called the “rabbi”. The influence of globalization, misinterpretation and migration on Yoruba oral traditions remains challenging. This is not an exemption even with the Hebraic oral traditions though written.

High-Severity Wildfires Alter Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Foraging Assemblage Structure in Montane Coniferous Forests and Grasslands in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, USA

High-severity wildfires create heterogeneous patterns of vegetation across burned landscapes. While these spatial patterns are well-documented, less is known about the short- and long-term effects of large-scale high-severity wildfires on insect community assemblages and dynamics. Ants are bottom-up indicators of ecosystem health and function that are sensitive to disturbance and fill a variety of roles in their ecosystems, including altering soil chemistry, dispersing seeds, and serving as a key food resource for many species, including the federally endangered Jemez Mountain salamander (Plethodon neomexicanus). We examined the post-fire effects of the 2011 Las Conchas Wildfire on ant communities in the Valles Caldera National Preserve (Sandoval County, New Mexico, USA). We collected ants via pitfall traps in replicated burned and unburned sites across three habitats: ponderosa pine forests, mixed-conifer forests, and montane grassland. We analyzed trends in species richness, abundance, recruitment, loss, turnover, and composition over five sequential years of post-fire succession (2011–2015). Ant foraging assemblage was influenced by burn presence, season of sampling, and macrohabitat. We also found strong seasonal trends and decreases over time since fire in ant species richness and ant abundance. However, habitat and seasonal effects may be a stronger predictor of ant species richness than the presence of fire or post-fire successional patterns.

Fish Behaviour in a Vertical Slot Fishway: Multi‐Species Upstream Passage Success, Size Selectivity and Diel Passage Patterns in a Large Italian River

Fish Behaviour in a Vertical Slot Fishway: Multi‐Species Upstream Passage Success, Size Selectivity and Diel Passage Patterns in a Large Italian River

Parallel development of object recognition in newborn chicks and deep neural networks.

How do newborns learn to see? We propose that visual systems are space-time fitters, meaning visual development can be understood as a blind fitting process (akin to evolution) in which visual systems gradually adapt to the spatiotemporal data distributions in the newborn's environment. To test whether space-time fitting is a viable theory for learning how to see, we performed parallel controlled-rearing experiments on newborn chicks and deep neural networks (DNNs), including CNNs and transformers. First, we raised newborn chicks in impoverished environments containing a single object, then simulated those environments in a video game engine. Second, we recorded first-person images from agents moving through the virtual animal chambers and used those images to train DNNs. Third, we compared the viewpoint-invariant object recognition performance of the chicks and DNNs. When DNNs received the same visual diet (training data) as chicks, the models developed common object recognition skills as chicks. DNNs that used time as a teaching signal-space-time fitters-also showed common patterns of successes and failures across the test viewpoints as chicks. Thus, DNNs can learn object recognition in the same impoverished environments as newborn animals. We argue that space-time fitters can serve as formal scientific models of newborn visual systems, providing image-computable models for studying how newborns learn to see from raw visual experiences.

Ensuring product authenticity and traceability with blockchain in supply chains

This review paper explores the efficacy of blockchain technology in enhancing product authenticity and traceability within supply chains. With the complexity of global supply chains increasing, the risk of counterfeit products and inefficiencies in tracking origins is escalating. This paper synthesizes existing literature to outline the current landscape of blockchain applications in supply chains, focusing on the decentralized and immutable capabilities of the technology that promise to revolutionize traditional practices. The core of the review involves a comprehensive analysis of documented implementations of blockchain in various industries, assessing their impact on enhancing transparency, reducing fraud, and improving overall supply chain integrity. We critically examine case studies and existing research to identify patterns of success and common challenges faced by organizations adopting blockchain solutions. Findings highlight that blockchain technology not only supports better traceability and authentication processes but also fosters a more transparent environment for transactions, significantly deterring the proliferation of counterfeit goods. Additionally, the review points out the technological and organizational hurdles in adopting blockchain, such as the need for standardization and the resistance to change in legacy systems. The paper concludes that blockchain technology holds substantial promise for addressing critical issues in supply chain management. However, achieving its full potential requires overcoming significant adoption challenges and fostering collaborative efforts for standardization across industries. This review calls for ongoing research into scalable blockchain applications and strategic partnerships to drive the technology's integration into mainstream supply chain operations.

Impact of shallow hydrothermal vent waters on monsoonal copepod distribution and abundance around active volcanic island off northeast Taiwan, West Pacific

Extreme oceanic environments such as shallow hydrothermal vents (HVs) have rarely been investigated with respect to their impact on the water column and its organisms, such as zooplankton. We collected mesozooplankton from the near shore shallow HV areas off northeast Taiwan during three distinct monsoonal periods in 2022. The results showed the occurrence of 99 copepod species belonging to 24 families and 49 genera from a one-year study. The results from similarity percentage (SIMPER) and indicator species analysis (IndVal) identified that top 5 species namely Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta, Clausocalanus furcatus, Macrosetella gracilis, and Canthocalanus pauper showed variations in their abundance between HV and non-HV sites which contributed to 72.12 % dissimilarity with only four of the species with significantly higher contributions during the SW monsoon season. This distinction is explained by the fact that copepods were negatively affected by HV water. Furthermore, Temora turbinata (3530.7 ± 4967.83 ind. m−3), Calanus sinicus (70.86 ± 163.78 ind. m−3), and Paracalanus parvus (40.47 ± 85.67 ind. m−3) emerging as the dominant species with a clear seasonal succession pattern during the southwest monsoon, northeast-southwest monsoon transition, and northeast monsoon prevailing phase, respectively. The total abundance of copepod was significantly higher during the southwest monsoon than during the other two monsoonal periods (p < 0.01, one-way ANOVA). In contrast, the number of species and the richness index were significantly higher during the northeast-southwest and northeast monsoon than during the southwest monsoon period (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA) indicating temporal succession in the copepod community.

Choice of activated sludge microorganisms under phosphate deficiency: Competition for inorganic phosphate or change to organophosphorus metabolism

Phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in the microbial processes of wastewater treatment. However, the current understanding of P metabolic pathways in wastewater is incomplete, and the mechanisms of microbial P metabolism under P deficient conditions remain unclear. This study explores the succession patterns of activated sludge bacterial communities and their potential P utilization strategies under P-deficient conditions. The results indicate that changes in phosphorus concentration and composition drive microbial community succession. Under P deficiency, microorganisms initially focus on inorganic phosphorus (IP) metabolism, prioritizing competition for IP. Subsequently, the bacterial community shifts to predominantly utilizing organic phosphorus (OP), with over 94% of genomes carrying OP metabolism genes. The OP in the system primarily consists of phosphonates and phosphoester. Consequently, distinct bacterial responses to phosphoester and phosphonates were observed, with the bacterial community transitioning from low modular to highly modular communities with differentiated niches. Phosphoester and phosphonate metabolism emerged as the two main OP metabolic pathways within the community. By reconstructing the P metabolic pathways of dominant genera, including Pannonibacter (Proteobacteria) and f_Saprospiraceae (Bacteroidota), metabolic models of phosphonate and phosphoester were developed in a wastewater treatment system for the first time. This study provides new insights into biological P metabolism in wastewater treatment, expanding our understanding of P metabolic pathways in wastewater.

PySpice-Simulated In Situ Learning with Memristor Emulation for Single-Layer Spiking Neural Networks

This paper presents a novel approach to in situ memristive learning by training spiking neural networks (SNNs) entirely within the circuit using memristor emulators in SPICE. The circuit models neurons using Lapicque neurons and employs pulse-based spike encoding to simulate spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), a key learning mechanism in SNNs. The Lapicque neuron model operates according to the Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) model, which is used in this study to model spiking behavior in memristor-based SNNs. More exactly, the first memristor emulator in PySpice, a Python library for circuit simulation, was developed and integrated into a memristive circuit capable of in situ learning, named the “In Situ Memristive Learning Method for Pattern Classification.” This novel technique enables time-based computation, where neurons accumulate incoming spikes and fire once a threshold is reached, mimicking biological neuron behavior. The proposed method was rigorously tested on three diverse datasets: XPUE, a custom non-dominating 3 × 3 image dataset; a 3 × 5 digit dataset ranging from 0 to 5; and a resized 10 × 10 version of the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset. The neuromorphic circuit achieved successful pattern learning across all three datasets, outperforming comparable results from other in situ training simulations on SPICE. The learning process harnesses the cumulative effect of memristors, enabling the network to learn a representative pattern for each label efficiently. This advancement opens new avenues for neuromorphic computing and paves the way for developing autonomous, adaptable pattern classification neuromorphic circuits.

Analysis of Successful Offensive Patterns in Critical Moments in Men’s EuroBasket 2022 and Women’s 2021

The growing trend of analyzing all performance factors involved in a game makes identifying offensive patterns a determining factor in improving tactical performance and decision making during a game. The main objective of this research was to analyze the effectiveness and detect successful patterns on offense at critical moments in the men’s EuroBasket 2022 and women’s EuroBasket 2021. The sample was composed of 509 technical–tactical offensive actions obtained from the last 2 min of the final quarters and overtime from the group stage and final round, whose difference in the final score was equal to or less than five points. For this purpose, observational methodology was employed using LINCE PLUS software through an observational instrument designed ad hoc. Descriptive analysis and chi-square (χ2) tests were performed with SPSS 25, and a pattern analysis (T-Patterns) was performed with Theme 5 software. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. The teams that were losing when performing the offense finished a greater number of plays and with greater effectiveness. Fastbreaks seem to be more effective in the closing minutes, a play characterized by a maximum of three passes and by finishing with individual play such as 1 × 1. In turn, actions finished near the hoop by inside players seem to be more effective when the possession is finished before 17 s. The practical implications described in this research will enable coaches to tailor their strategies and training to the critical moments of the game.