Stress Patterns Research Articles

Biomechanics of a Physically Impaired Individual from Early Medieval Ranelagh, Ireland

This research describes the methods used to re-create the biomechanics of a physically impaired middle-aged male, SK67, dated 893–1023 C.E., from the early medieval cemetery at Ranelagh, Co. Roscommon, Ireland, who experienced an antemortem femoral head fracture. A gap in research exists between the osteological evidence and the nature of the true biomechanical gait. Computer simulation of musculoskeletal models is an emerging engineering approach to estimate true gait patterns from geometric measurements of skeletal anatomy. This study paves the way for bridging the gap between osteological evidence and true biomechanics by obtaining information from SK67 and using it to build a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of SK67 using OpenSim. Gait was then simulated using SCONE software (a musculoskeletal simulation optimization system to predict task-specificmotion), thereby revealing SK67’s likely limb function post-impairment. The patterns of habitual biomechanical stress are reflected in the quantity and distribution of cortical bone; based on this approach, the individual’s limbs were compared for signs of weight-bearing by analyzing cortical bone thickness from radiographs. The upper limbs were also examined for entheseal changes that might indicate the use of walking aids. The results of these interdisciplinary methods enabled the biomechanics of SK67 to be revealed and assessed how SK67 would have used walking aids to regain mobility and independence in the wake of their major trauma. The lack of arms on the musculoskeletal models may provide a limitation to this study, as well as the errors/learning curve in altering inputfiles to simulate the gait. This method opens new avenues for future research into reconstructing the biomechanics of individuals with physical impairments within archaeological contexts, across both time and location.

The interaction between third molars and surrounding periapical tissues in mandibular stress distribution during high-impact trauma: a finite element study.

The presence of mandibular third molars has been associated with the risk of mandibular fractures, highlighting the need for comprehensive studies considering the interaction with other mandibular structures. This study investigates how mandibular third molars and neighboring tissues can influence the structural fragility of the mandible using finite element analysis. A finite element analysis study following the guidelines proposed by RIFEM 1.0 was performed using three previously created mandible models: Model A, without right and left third molars; Model B, without one third molar; Model C, with bilateral presence of third molars. A 2452N force was applied to the right mandibular body in a virtual environment, allowing for a structural analysis of each mandible. Models without third molars and with only one third molar showed similar energy dissipation patterns, contrasting with the model with both third molars. The presence of third molars influenced the magnitude and distribution of stress, highlighting fragility points in specific areas such as the lingual surface, the condyles bilaterally (models without and with one contralateral third molar to trauma), and the distal cervical region of the second molar (third molar absent), as well as significantly showed the path of energy towards the contralateral side of the trauma with a concentration of energy at the contact points of virtually all teeth present immediately after impact. The presence of mandibular third molars influenced the distribution and magnitude of stress within the mandible during a simulated high-impact trauma. Models with third molars exhibit distinct stress patterns, with fragility points appearing in critical areas such as the lingual surface, condyles, and second molar regions. These findings suggest that the presence of third molars increases the structural fragility of the mandible, potentially elevating the risk of mandibular fractures, especially in the context of traumatic impacts.

Evaluation of stress patterns in teeth with endodontic treatment and periapical lesions as abutments for fixed prosthesis: a finite element analysis study

BackgroundExamining stress distributions in abutment teeth with periapical lesions is essential for understanding their biomechanical impact on dental structures and tissues. This study uses finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate these stress patterns under occlusal forces, aiming to enhance treatment strategies and prosthetic designs.MethodsThree FEA models were created: a healthy mandibular premolar (Model 1), a premolar with a single crown and a lesion repaired using a fiber-post (Model 2), and 3) a premolar with a lesion repaired using fiber-post to support a four-member bridge (Model 3). A 300 N occlusal static stress was given to each model at a 45° angle to the long axis of the tooth, namely at the lingual inclination of the buccal-cusp. Deformation behaviour and maximum equivalent stress distributions were simulated on the all components, including the bony structure for each model.ResultsThe study showed a reduction in equivalent stress levels in trabecular and cortical bone, crown, cementum, and PDL under occlusal force, from Model 1 to Model 3. The Von Mises yield criteria values of the tooth models differed depending on the prosthetic restorations, with the highest value seen in Model 2 (133.87 MPa). Similar locations in all models showed concentrated equivalent stresses for all components. The periapical lesion area exhibited relatively low stress values for Models 2 and 3, at 0.061 MPa and 0.039 MPa, respectively. The largest level of stress was seen in the cervicobuccal areas of the tooth in all models.ConclusionProsthetic restorations on teeth with periapical lesions resulted in varying stress and biomechanical responses in the tooth and surrounding bone tissue. These teeth can serve as abutments in a four-unit bridge when subjected to optimal occlusal stresses, based on the findings.

Influence of occlusal loading on the longevity of dental bridges

Dental bridges are a cornerstone in restorative dentistry, offering functional and aesthetic solutions for patients with missing teeth. Their longevity is influenced by a complex interplay of biomechanical, material, and clinical factors. Occlusal loading, the force exerted during mastication and other functional activities, plays a critical role in determining the durability of these prostheses. Excessive or uneven occlusal forces can lead to mechanical failures such as fractures, debonding, or material fatigue. Advances in materials, particularly high-strength ceramics like zirconia, have improved the ability of bridges to withstand these stresses, providing enhanced resistance to wear and fracture. Design considerations, including connector dimensions and the use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, ensure more precise stress distribution, minimizing the risk of localized mechanical failures. Finite element analysis and digital occlusal analysis have further refined the understanding of stress patterns, enabling personalized approaches tailored to individual patient needs. Clinical studies have highlighted the importance of maintenance strategies, such as regular follow-ups and early repair of minor defects, in extending the lifespan of dental bridges. Patient-specific factors, such as parafunctional habits and periodontal health, significantly influence outcomes and necessitate individualized treatment planning. Emerging technologies, combined with material innovations, have shifted the focus toward optimizing the biomechanical performance of dental bridges. Trends reveal that integrating robust materials with advanced design techniques results in improved longevity and reduced failure rates. The interplay between clinical, material, and mechanical factors continues to evolve, offering new insights into enhancing the reliability and success of dental bridges over time.

Thermo-viscoelastic analysis of a composite disk under parabolic temperature distribution using the Rayleigh-Ritz Method with Trigonometric Ritz Functions

The study focuses on the thermo-viscoelastic behavior of a composite disk subjected to a parabolic temperature distribution. The analysis employs the Rayleigh-Ritz method, combined with trigonometric Ritz functions, to model the dynamic response of the disk. The key objective is to investigate how temperature variations and viscoelastic material properties influence the radial and tangential stresses and strains in the disk. The thermo-viscoelastic problem is formulated by considering the time-dependent evolution of stresses and strains, incorporating both thermal expansion and viscoelastic relaxation effects. The radial stress and tangential stress are expressed as functions of time, governed by the relaxation functions, respectively. These functions describe the material's viscoelastic behavior, while the thermal expansion coefficients account for temperature-induced strain variations. The parabolic temperature distribution introduces a spatially varying thermal load, which is integrated into the thermo-viscoelastic equations. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to discretize the problem, with trigonometric Ritz functions chosen to represent the spatial variation of stresses and strains. This approach allows for efficient computation of the disk's response while capturing the anisotropic and viscoelastic nature of the composite material. The results highlight the interplay between thermal effects and viscoelastic behavior in determining the stress and strain distributions. The parabolic temperature distribution leads to non-uniform thermal expansion, which interacts with the viscoelastic relaxation processes to produce complex stress patterns. The analysis provides insights into the time-dependent evolution of stresses and strains, offering a comprehensive understanding of the thermo-viscoelastic response of the composite disk under thermal loading.

A biomechanics-oriented study on the impact of AIGC on user interaction and ergonomics in visual communication design

This study investigates the biomechanical implications and ergonomic impacts of AI-generated content (AIGC) integration in visual communication design workflows. Through a comprehensive analysis of 23 professional designers in Chengdu, China, we examined the physical stress patterns, user interaction dynamics, and overall ergonomic outcomes when transitioning from traditional to AIGC-assisted design processes. The research employed a mixed-method approach combining quantitative biomechanical measurements with qualitative user experience assessments over 12 weeks. Results revealed significant reductions in muscle activity across key muscle groups, with the upper trapezius showing the most significant decrease (−3.6% MVC, p < 0.001) during AIGC-assisted tasks. This change in muscle activity can be further linked to alterations in the body's postural stability and load distribution, which are core considerations in biomechanics. Movement efficiency metrics, which are inherently related to biomechanical performance, demonstrated a 27.9% reduction in task completion time (p < 0.001) and a 33.3% decrease in design iterations. Quality assessment scores improved across all dimensions, with Creative Innovation showing the highest enhancement (+1.8 points, p < 0.001). User satisfaction metrics indicated significant improvements, with consistent gains of 1.1 points (on a 5-point scale) across all measured dimensions (p < 0.001). Notably, the study identified distinct adaptation patterns between novice and experienced users in terms of their biomechanical responses. Experienced users demonstrated significantly faster response times in AIGC prompt input (8.94 ± 1.87 s vs 18.62 ± 3.15 s, p < 0.001), which can be associated with differences in their neuromuscular coordination and motor learning abilities. While AIGC integration initially increased certain types of errors (+51.2% in input errors), it led to substantial reductions in tool misuse (−40.4%) and design revisions (−39.9%). These findings suggest that AIGC integration can significantly reduce physical stress while improving design efficiency and quality outcomes, all of which are intertwined with the biomechanical functioning of the body during the design process. The research provides evidence-based recommendations for optimizing AIGC implementation in professional design workflows, taking into account the biomechanical and ergonomic factors that contribute to the overall well-being and creative productivity. This study has important implications for software development, workplace health policies, and the future direction of AI-assisted creative work, as it highlights the significance of considering biomechanics in the integration of advanced technologies within creative domains.

Migraine among King Khaled University students; prevalence, determinants, and impact on academic life.

Migraine is a common primary headache disorder that significantly affects academic life and is often associated with stress, depression, anxiety, and irregular sleep patterns among university students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of migraine among King Khalid University (KKU) students, identify its determinants, and evaluate the impact of migraine and other headaches on academic life and performance. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 732 students from Colleges of Medicine, Pharmacy, Engineering, and Computer science. We used a self-administered questionnaire, including the ID Migraine™ screening tool, which was administered either through an online survey or face-to-face. Convenience and snowball sampling methods were adopted to recruit participants between June 1 and August 31, 2024. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] age was 21(2.0) years, 58.2% were female, 97.5% were Saudi, and 93.0% were non-smokers. The prevalence of migraine was 44.1%. The key predictors of migraine were female gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.78 (1.29 - 2.46), P<0.001), family history AOR = 2.39 (1.75- 3.27), P<0.001], working alongside education (AOR = 1.95 (1.19 - 3.18), P = 0.007), family debt (AOR = 1.86 (1.06 - 3.29), P=0.03), and having chronic diseases like bronchial asthma (AOR = 2.16 (1.11 - 4.20), P=0.02) and hypertension AOR = 6.23 (1.34 - 28.84), P = 0.01). Over 90% reported migraines affected concentration, sleep, and exam preparation, and 65% indicated an impact on university attendance. Migraines are highly prevalent among KKU students, affecting academic daily life. Early detection and lifestyle changes are essential, and universities should plan and implement coping strategies to support affected students.

Examination of Isotopic Signals to Determine Trophic Dynamics and Diet of Gulf of Maine Mysticetes Prior to an Oceanographic Regime Shift

Stable isotope analysis (SIA) is a useful tool to assess the health and foraging habits of large marine predators, metabolic stress, pregnancy, and migration patterns. This study provides baseline SIA data for four Gulf of Maine mysticete species and serves as a benchmark for future assessments. SIA was conducted on skin biopsies collected in two time periods: 1988 to 1992 (n = 15) and 1999 to 2005 (n = 187). Samples were collected from humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae; n = 116), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus; n = 74), minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata; n = 6), and North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis; n = 6). There were statistically significant differences in isotopic value among species, years, and regions sampled. By species, North Atlantic right whale δ13C and δ15N levels were significantly different than the other species analyzed. Additionally, humpback whales had a δ15N value that was significantly higher than the value found in fin whales. By date, humpback whales showed significant difference in δ13C in 2002 from the two previous years. For fin whales, 2002 showed significant difference in δ13C for all other years’ samples (2000 to 2003). By region, two regions that were the greatest distance apart (Bay of Fundy and Great South Channel) showed significant differences in δ13C for humpback whales. Demographic analyses for humpback and fin whales found a significant difference between calves versus other age classes, presumably due to nursing. A decadal comparison of humpback whales at one site (Stellwagen Bank) found no significant difference between decades. This dataset provides a benchmark for stable isotope measurements in large baleen whales for this regional ecosystem.

Research on the Impact of Word Stress on the Vowel System of English

Word stress is a fundamental aspect of English pronunciation that significantly influences comprehension in spoken communication. Despite its importance, many Chinese English learners find it hard to master the nuanced patterns of stress that distinguish stressed from unstressed syllables, particularly regarding vowel production, a topic studied by few researchers. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of word stress on the vowel system of English through an experimental analysis. Twenty disyllabic words with one stressed and one unstressed syllable were analyzed. Using auditory analysis software, the production of stressed and unstressed vowels by both native and non-native speakers was recorded, analyzed and then compared. Results indicate that native speakers produce stressed vowels with greater intensity and duration than unstressed vowels, while non-native speakers show less distinct differences.

Finite Element Analysis of Temperature Effects on Underground Large-Diameter Concrete Cylinders Using ABAQUS

With the increasing demand for storage capacity, the diameter of silos has also been continuously increased. For this kind of large-diameter concrete cylinder, the temperature load has a great influence, especially the cylinder structure located underground, and the stress characteristics are more complicated under the influence of earth pressure and gradient temperature. This study investigates the stress distribution and deformation in underground large-diameter concrete cylinders under temperature loads using finite element analysis with ABAQUS. By simulating temperature changes through boundary conditions, the research identifies critical stress patterns, particularly the significant hoop tensile stress observed during temperature decreases, which peaks at 2.75 MPa. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced tensile capacity in specific regions of the structure. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing the design and ensuring the structural integrity of underground concrete cylinders under varying thermal conditions.

A Comparative Finite Element Analysis of Titanium, Autogenous Bone, and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-Based Solutions for Mandibular Reconstruction.

A digital model of the mandible was created from CBCT data and optimized for FEA. Three reconstruction scenarios were simulated: fixation with a titanium plate, reconstruction with an autogenous fibular graft stabilized with the same titanium plate, and fixation with a customized PEEK plate. Various plate thicknesses were analyzed to determine the stress and deformation patterns under masticatory loads. Titanium plates provided superior mechanical stability but showed stress concentrations near screw fixation points. The addition of autogenous bone grafts reduced stress on the plate and improved structural integrity. PEEK plates exhibited reduced stress shielding and better load distribution, but thinner designs were prone to deformation. Minimum recommended thicknesses of 1.2 mm for titanium plates and 1.8 mm for PEEK plates were identified by FEA. This study highlights the importance of material selection and patient-specific design in mandibular reconstruction. Autogenous bone grafts combined with titanium plates demonstrated the best biomechanical outcomes, while PEEK plates offer a promising alternative, particularly for patients where grafting is contraindicated.

Impact and analysis of corrosion on elastic stress in a composite disk under parabolic temperature distribution using the Rayleigh-Ritz method with trigonometric Ritz functions

This study conducts an in-depth impact and analysis of corrosion on the elastic stresses within a composite disk exposed to a parabolic temperature distribution. The disk, reinforced with steel fibers, is modeled as a thermo-elastic composite material to evaluate its performance under thermal and corrosive conditions. The Rayleigh-Ritz method, a widely recognized numerical approach for solving boundary value problems, is utilized to derive analytical solutions for both radial and tangential stresses. This method applies the principle of minimum potential energy to approximate displacement fields through Trigonometric Ritz Functions, which are subsequently employed to calculate stress components. The parabolic temperature distribution imposes a non-uniform thermal load across the disk, significantly altering the stress distribution. The study explores how the inherent thermal properties of the composite material interact with temperature variations, resulting in intricate stress patterns. By systematically varying temperature parameters, the analysis uncovers the sensitivity of stress components to thermal gradients. Comparative evaluations are performed for different temperature profiles, identifying critical regions of stress concentration. The findings offer essential insights into the behavior of thermo-elastic composites under non-uniform thermal and corrosive conditions, establishing a robust analytical framework for future research and practical engineering applications. This research emphasizes the necessity of integrating both thermal effects and Trigonometric Ritz Functions in the design and analysis of composite structures exposed to varying temperature loads and corrosion.

Analysis of elastic stresses and thermal creep effect for a composite disk under the parabolic distribution of temperature using the Rayleigh-Ritz method with trigonometric Ritz functions

This research provides a detailed examination of the thermal creep effect on elastic stresses in a composite disk exposed to a parabolic temperature distribution. The disk, reinforced with steel fibers, is treated as a thermo-elastic composite material. The Rayleigh-Ritz method, a widely recognized numerical approach for solving boundary value problems, is utilized to derive analytical solutions for the radial and tangential stresses. This method employs the principle of minimum potential energy to approximate displacement fields using Trigonometric Ritz Functions, which are subsequently applied to calculate the stress components. The parabolic temperature distribution imparts a non-uniform thermal load across the disk, significantly affecting the stress distribution. The study explores how the thermal creep effect, intrinsic to the composite material, interacts with thermal variations, resulting in intricate stress patterns. By adjusting temperature parameters, the analysis demonstrates the sensitivity of stress components to thermal gradients. Comparative assessments are performed for various temperature profiles, identifying critical areas of stress concentration. The findings offer significant insights into the behavior of thermo-elastic composites under non-uniform thermal conditions, providing a robust analytical foundation for future research and engineering applications. This research emphasizes the necessity of considering both thermal creep effects and Trigonometric Ritz Functions in the design and analysis of composite structures subjected to varying temperature loads.

Stress Monitoring in Pandemic Screening: Insights from GSR Sensor and Machine Learning Analysis.

This study investigates the impact of patient stress on COVID-19 screening. An attempt was made to measure the level of anxiety of individuals undertaking rapid tests for SARS-CoV-2. To this end, a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor that was connected to a microcontroller was used to record the individual stress levels. GSR data were collected from 51 individuals at SARS-CoV-2 testing sites. The recorded data were then compared with theoretical estimates to draw insights into stress patterns. Machine learning analysis was applied for the optimization of the sensor results. Classification algorithms allowed the automatic reading of the sensor results and individual identification as "stressed" or "not stressed". The findings confirmed the initial hypothesis that there was a significant increase in stress levels during the rapid test. This observation is critical, as heightened anxiety may influence a patient's willingness to participate in screening procedures, potentially reducing the effectiveness of public health screening strategies.

Analysing of diverse stress pattern in ECG using machine learning techniques

Analysing of diverse stress pattern in ECG using machine learning techniques

Data-driven approaches to mitigate academic stress and improve student mental health

This paper critically examines the efficacy and transformative potential of data-driven methodologies to assess, monitor, and mitigate academic stress, thereby enhancing student mental health. We aim to uncover latent stress patterns and trigger points within academic environments by utilizing a robust framework of advanced analytics, machine learning, and predictive modeling. Applying these technologies allows for the strategic customization of interventions tailored to individual and group needs in real time. By synthesizing data across multiple educational settings—including K-12 schools and higher education institutions—this study provides comprehensive insights into how varied data sources and modeling techniques can be harmonized to effectively detect and address student stress. The outcomes highlighted in this paper demonstrate the significant impact of data-driven methodologies not only in improving student well-being but also in fostering an educational atmosphere that prioritizes mental health. Our findings underscore the critical role that technological integration in educational strategies plays in revolutionizing student support systems and setting a new standard for mental health care within academic institutions.

Infertility and Bowen's Systematic Family Therapy Approach

This study focuses on the psychological consequences of infertility, using Bowen's Systematic Family Therapy as a conceptual framework. Infertility is often characterized as a profound and intricate life challenge that profoundly affects an individual's emotional health. Research has underscored the psychological ramifications linked to this condition, including feelings of grief, heightened anxiety, depression, and diminished self-worth. Historically, early research linked infertility to psychological defenses against pregnancy, but advancements in medical technology have since refuted the psychogenic hypothesis, emphasizing biomedical factors. Nevertheless, the psychological ramifications remain substantial, necessitating a nuanced approach to therapy. Bowen's Systematic Family Therapy offers valuable insights through its eight key concepts, including differentiation of self, family projection process, and multigenerational transmission. These concepts help in understanding the intricate emotional dynamics and stress patterns within the family unit affected by infertility. Studies suggest that family therapy can mitigate emotional distress, improve marital satisfaction, and facilitate communication among family members. Despite the limited direct research on Bowen's Systematic Family Therapy and infertility, existing literature underscores the importance of integrated therapeutic approaches that consider emotional and relational contexts. Future research should focus on expanding the application of family therapy models in infertility treatment, developing comprehensive support mechanisms, and addressing the psychological needs of both individuals and their extended families. This holistic perspective is essential for fostering resilience and emotional well-being in families facing infertility.

The impact of multifaceted factors on auditory mapping between acoustic cues and Spanish intonation categories in a cross-linguistic context

Recent research has revealed cross-linguistic and individual variations in the processing of acoustic cues for phonetic categorization. This study extends this line of inquiry by examining the auditory perception of native Spanish listeners and Chinese learners of Spanish, focusing on their ability to map acoustic signals onto intonation categories. Through two identification tasks employing synthesized stimuli with systematically varied acoustic and stress patterns, we investigated how listeners navigate multiple cues in recognizing Spanish sentence types. Results indicated that changes in fundamental frequency (F0), duration, and intensity significantly influenced native Spanish listeners’ intonation judgments, while Chinese learners predominantly relied on F0 modulations to differentiate statements from yes/no questions. Compared to native Spanish listeners, Chinese learners demonstrated lower sensitivity to changes across the three cues and less proficiency in reconciling cue trade-offs. Furthermore, our study revealed that both Spanish and Chinese listeners’ perceptual performance was modulated by stress patterns and their chronological age. Overall, our research elucidates the multifaceted nature of intonation perception, underscoring the critical role of linguistic background, individual characteristics, and lower-level prosodic context in the transformation of acoustic details into intonation categories.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Construction Forming of Cable-Stayed Tensioned Metal Thin Sheet Structure

This study investigates the construction methodology of large-span cable-stayed tensioned metal thin-sheet structures, introducing the “integrated enclosure and load-bearing” design concept. By applying in-plane prestress, the out-of-plane stiffness of the metal thin sheet is effectively enhanced, enabling it to simultaneously serve as an enclosure and a load-bearing component. Through experimental studies and finite element analysis, the study systematically examines the effects of various construction methods on internal forces and displacements. The tensioning of back cables is identified as the safest and most efficient construction method. Subsequently, through simulations of a three-span structure and tensioning forming tests, the research examines displacement, stress, and cable force distribution patterns, demonstrating that increases in the tensioning level result in corresponding increases in sheet surface stress, cable forces, and displacements. The structure exhibits a concave middle section, upward curvatures at both ends, and outward-leaning end columns. Structural members with lower cable forces show minimal impact on displacement and are therefore identified as suitable targets for design optimization. This study offers a theoretical foundation and practical engineering insights to guide the optimization of design and construction for cable-stayed tensioned metal thin-sheet structures.

Comparison of Crustal Stress and Strain Fields in the Himalaya–Tibet Region: Geodynamic Implications

The Himalaya–Tibet region represents a complex region of active deformation related to the ongoing India–Eurasia convergence process. To provide additional constraints on the active processes shaping this region, we used a comprehensive dataset of GNSS and focal mechanisms data and derived crustal strain and stress fields. The results allow the detection of features such as the arc-parallel extension along the Himalayan Arc and the coexistence of strike-slip and normal faulting across Tibet. We discuss our findings concerning the relevant geodynamic models proposed in the literature. While earlier studies largely emphasized the role of either compressional or extensional processes, our findings suggest a more complex interaction between them. In general, our study highlights the critical role of both surface and deep processes in shaping the geodynamic processes. The alignment between tectonic stress and strain rate patterns indicates that the crust is highly elastic and influenced by present-day tectonics. Stress and strain orientations show a clockwise rotation at 31°N, reflecting deep control by the underthrusted Indian Plate. South of this boundary, compression is driven by basal drag from the underthrusting Indian Plate, while northward, escape tectonics dominate, resulting in eastward movement of the Tibetan Plateau. Localized stretching along the Himalaya is likely driven by the oblique convergence resulting from the India–Eurasia collision generating a transtensional regime over the Main Himalayan Thrust. In Tibet, stress variations appear mainly related to changes in the vertical axis, driven by topographically induced stresses linked to the uniform elevation of the plateau. From a broader perspective, these findings improve the understanding of driving crustal forces in the Himalaya–Tibet region and provide insights into how large-scale geodynamics drives surface deformation. Additionally, they contribute to the ongoing debate regarding the applicability of the stress–strain comparison and offer a more comprehensive framework for future research in similar tectonic settings worldwide.