Patterns Of Smokeless Tobacco Use Research Articles

Pattern of Smokeless Tobacco Initiation and Use among School Going Adolescents in Delhi, India: A Mixed Method Study.

With growing trends in tobacco consumption, it has been observed that the age of initiation is gradually decreasing. To combat the deep-rooted problem of the Society, we need to target the adolescents at the time of their first consumption of tobacco forms. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the pattern of smokeless tobacco use among school going adolescents in senior secondary schools with the assessment of the sociodemographic factors responsible for initiation of smokeless tobacco use by adolescents. A cross-sectional survey of total sample of 714 students across 9-11 standards in 3 schools of Delhi was done using a self-administered questionnaire after obtaining approval from Institutional Ethics Committee and School Health Scheme, Delhi. Consumption of tobacco was found to be 27.9% at a frequency of 6-9 days in a period of one month and a majority of 31 (39.2%) students initiated the use in the age group of 10-11 years. Among the different SLT products, pan masala combined with zarda with 56 (70.8%) users, was found to be the most commonly consumed SLT product. Grocery shops were preferred POS among the students as (67%) of students obtained the SLT product from this POS. 56 (70.8%) of the students wanted to quit the habit of SLT use whereas 49 (62%) students tried to quit the habit and 43 (54.4%) students sought help in order to quit the habit. Such alarming results in terms of low age of initiation in Delhi is an emerging health problem. Adequate cessation programmes and schemes must be developed and strict implementation of laws and policies to achieve a tobacco free youth is the need of hour.

Impact of cancer diagnosis on use of smokeless tobacco: A descriptive study of patient-relative dyads.

Background:The time of cancer diagnosis is considered as a teaching moment with regard to tobacco cessation.Aim:In view of the limited studies focussing on smokeless tobacco (SLT), we aimed to assess the patterns of SLT use, attitudes toward SLT use in the context of cancer diagnosis, and factors associated with quitting SLT in dyads consisting newly diagnosed patients with head and neck cancers and their relatives.Material and Method:A total of 106 such dyads were assessed on cross-sectional study design. The patients included in the study were above 18 years of age of either sex with a recent (i.e., <6 months) diagnosis of head and neck (lip, tongue, mouth, oropharynx, hypopharynx, pharynx, and larynx) cancer (HNC), not having undergone any surgical intervention for the same and having used SLT for at least 6 months continuously prior to diagnosis of HNC. For each patient, one family member who was aged 18 years or above and lived for at least past 1 year with the patient was included.Result:We found that 60.4% of patients and 6.53% of relatives quit SLT use after the diagnosis of cancer. However, motivation to quit was greater despite continued SLT use, in both patients and relatives. Reasonable number of patients and relatives reported awareness regarding health warnings and long-term consequences of SLT use on cancer. For patients, use of only one form of SLT, presence of 2 or more males in the family using SLT, and presence of another tobacco-related medical disorder in the family were significantly higher in those who quit.Conclusion:The diagnosis of cancer might indeed act as a “teaching moment” for many users but this effect is not extendable on to their relatives.

Smokeless tobacco: Knowledge, attitudes and use among adults in Lagos, South-West, Nigeria

Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use leads to nicotine addiction and is associated with several health problems. However, it may be perceived as a safe alternative to cigarettes resulting in a potential for increased use among smokers and non-smokers alike. We assessed the pattern of smokeless tobacco use, as well as, the knowledge and attitudes towards SLT among adult residents in Lagos, South West Nigeria..

Smokeless tobacco use and related oral mucosal changes in Bengali Women

Background:Tobacco use is called the single most cause of preventable cause of death all over the world. The various study confirmed that smokeless tobacco use is directly related to oral cancer and pre-cancer. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use varies widely in different countries and states based on age group, gender, with varied socioeconomic, cultural and educational backgrounds.Context:Bengali female population.Aim:Explore the pattern of smokeless tobacco use and oral mucosal changes caused by it.Methods:155 women aged 15 years and above were selected. Face-to-face interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Data were summarized and statistically, analysis was done.Statistical Analysis Used:Chi-square test and univariate logistic regression done.Results:The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use was found to be 18.7%. On univariate logistic regression, it was found that there was a significant association between smokeless tobacco use and less educated females, odds ratio 0.4209 (0.1855–0.9550) family income less than 10,000, odds ratio 3.9773 (1.3047–12.1242), and oral changes odds ratio 0.2693 (0.1027–0.7061).Conclusions:Health care providers, as well as social workers, should give all efforts to bring the women from behind the curtain and educate them about the hazards of smokeless tobacco use.

Pattern of Smokeless Tobacco Use in Various Age Groups and Its Association withthe Frequency of Micronuclei in Exfoliated Buccal Cells

Pattern of Smokeless Tobacco Use in Various Age Groups and Its Association withthe Frequency of Micronuclei in Exfoliated Buccal Cells

Smokeless tobacco use: pattern of use, knowledge and perceptions among rural Bangladeshi adolescents.

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate the practice and pattern of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use as well as the knowledge and perception about its ill effects among rural Bangladeshi adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among students aged 13–18 years in two rural secondary schools in Bangladesh in August 2015. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire which consists of topics derived from the Social Cognitive Theory and Health Belief Model (personal characteristics, environmental factors, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. A descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the current pattern of SLT use and knowledge about its ill effects. A chi-square test and Fisher exact test were conducted to explore associations between variables. Lastly, a logistic regression model was used to locate the predictors for current SLT use.ResultsA total of 790 students participated in the study. Among them, 9.5% (75) had used SLT at least once and 3.7% (29) were current SLT users. Males had a higher incidence of SLT use compared with females. The majority of students (77.3%) initiated SLT use between 10–13 years of age. ‘Zarda’ was the most common type of SLT used and most of the current users (86%) were able to buy SLT without age restrictions. Most of the current users (90%) wanted to quit SLT immediately; however, professional help was not available in schools. Overall, students had a good knowledge about the harmful effects of SLT with 54.8% (428) of respondents scoring in the good knowledge category. However, the majority of never SLT users (55.4%; 396) had a good knowledge compared to ever SLT users (42.7%; 32). Significant predictors of current SLT use included being a student aged 14 years and above (OR = 6.58, 95% CI [2.23–28.31]) as well as the variables of self-efficacy (OR = 5.78, 95% CI [1.46–19.65]), perceived barriers (OR = 0.30, 95% CI [0.10–0.74]), perceived benefit (OR = 0.21, 95% CI [0.05–1.03]) and perceived severity (OR = 0.36, 95% CI [0.16–0.91]).DiscussionThis study demonstrates the need for comprehensive prevention and control programme in rural schools targeting young adolescents. Effective measure should be taken to reshape the attitude of rural adolescents towards self-confidence and competence, as to prevent SLT use.

Pattern of smokeless tobacco use and cigarette smoking among adult South Africans during 2007-2016

Pattern of smokeless tobacco use and cigarette smoking among adult South Africans during 2007-2016

Current Pattern of Product Specific Smokeless Tobacco Use in Bangladesh

Background: Tobacco use is one of the foremost causes of preventable morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to identify the pattern of smokeless tobacco use and to estimate the prevalence and to identify Sociodemographic correlates of smokeless tobacco consumption. Data and methods: We used the data from the 2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in Bangladesh. The data were representative for men and women aged 15 years and above. The survey was based on a three-stage stratified cluster sample of household. Information of a total of 9629 adults, aged 15 years and over, was analyzed by stratified them into urban (4857) and rural (4772) groups. Stata Version 11.0 and Excel were used to analyze the dataset. Predictors of prevalence for smokeless tobacco use were analyzed using selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics that include residence, age, gender, education, occupation and wealth index. Associations between smokeless tobacco consumption and the explanatory variables were estimated using simple and multiple logistic regression model. Results: Current smokeless tobacco users daily were significantly higher (p=0.001) in urban females (21.92%) in comparison to urban males (18.13%) and also significantly higher (p<0.001) in rural females (30.60%) in comparison to rural males (25.92%). In the multivariate analysis the adjusted OR were significantly higher in rural area (OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.02-1.29) in comparison to urban area. Similarly adjusted OR were significantly higher in females (OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.38-2.30) in comparison to males. The adjusted OR increased with age from 3.09 (95% CI=2.45-3.93) in the age group 25-34 to 12.70 (95% CI=10.02-16.11) among individuals with 46 years and above age group, in comparison to individuals in the age group less than or equal to 24 years. Education and smokeless tobacco use showed significant inverse relationship with significantly elevated OR in the low education group (no formal schooling, OR=4.28, 95% CI=2.48-7.38), less than primary school completed (OR=3.28, 95% CI=1.89-5.68) and primary school completed (OR=3.61, 95% CI=2.08-6.29) in comparison to high education group (post graduate degree). Conclusion: The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco consumption is high among rural women and among all smokeless tobacco products, the prevalence of the use of betel quid with tobacco was the highest in Bangladesh. Awareness should be given priority to decrease the growing smokeless tobacco consumption. Also tobacco control campaigns should target rural poor older women and monitor all forms of smokeless tobacco products used by the population.

Evidence supporting product standards for carcinogens in smokeless tobacco products.

Smokeless tobacco products sold in the United States vary significantly in yields of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). With the passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, the Food and Drug Administration now has the authority to establish product standards. However, limited data exist determining the relative roles of pattern of smokeless tobacco use versus constituent levels in the smokeless tobacco product in exposure of users to carcinogens. In this study, smokeless tobacco users of brands varying in nicotine and TSNA content were recruited from three different regions in the U.S. Participants underwent two assessment sessions. During these sessions, demographic and smokeless tobacco use history information along with urine samples to assess biomarkers of exposure and effect were collected. During the time between data collection, smokeless tobacco users recorded the amount and duration of smokeless tobacco use on a daily basis using their diary cards. Results showed that independent of pattern of smokeless tobacco use and nicotine yields, levels of TSNA in smokeless tobacco products played a significant role in carcinogen exposure levels. Product standards for reducing levels of TSNA in smokeless tobacco products are necessary to decrease exposure to these toxicants and potentially to reduce risk for cancer.

Smokeless tobacco consumption among school children

More than one-third of the tobacco consumed regionally is of smokeless form. To determine the prevalence and pattern of smokeless tobacco use among school children. This cross-sectional study was conducted among children in 5 randomly selected high schools in Kannur district, Kerala, India. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1200 children. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. PASW 17 software was used for data analysis. The mean age of the students was 14.4 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.2 years, and 8.5% (CI, 7.1-10.2) of the participants were tobacco users. Smokeless tobacco was used by 2% (CI, 1.2-3.4) of the participants. None of the female students used tobacco products. Among the tobacco users, the mean age at the start of any tobacco use was 12.8 years with an SD of 1.1 years. The minimum age was 12 years and the maximum was 14 years. More than 50% smokeless tobacco users started their habit at the age of 12 years; 38.5% of them started at the age of 13 years and remaining at the age of 14 years. The 84.6% smokeless tobacco users were using it 2-3 times a week and 39% of them revealed that the tobacco products were purchased from shops located near the schools. Among the users, one used to keep the quid in the mouth for more than half an hour. The study concludes that there is a need to educate the children regarding the hazards associated with tobacco consumption.

Smokeless tobacco use in Australia

There has been little research published on the use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) in Australia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SLT use and the potential for harm reduction in current SLT users and smokers. We undertook secondary analysis of data from a national household survey of drug use and surveyed 108 Australian SLT users about their patterns of SLT use and tobacco smoking. The low prevalence of SLT use in the past year in Australia (0.57%; 95% confidence interval 0.48–0.66) might reflect the difficulty in importing these products. Prevalence of recent use was highest among males aged 18–29 who were current weekly smokers. US style oral snuffs were the most popular SLT products in Australia. Most of those surveyed were introduced to SLT by a personal contact and about half had used SLT to quit smoking. Australians who import SLT pay per can AU$21.30 on average and face substantial delays before receiving the product. Cost and poor access present a substantial barrier to SLT use as a tobacco harm reduction measure for Australian smokers. Permitting low nitrosamine varieties of SLT to be sold in Australia might reduce harm in current SLT users and provide a viable alternative to cigarettes for some current smokers.

Most smokeless tobacco use is not a causal gateway to cigarettes: using order of product use to evaluate causation in a national US sample

To evaluate non-causal and causal patterns of smokeless tobacco (SLT) and cigarette use; to assess the prevalence of 'non-gateway' and possible 'gateway' patterns of SLT use. Data from the Cancer Control Supplement to the 1987 National Health Interview Survey, a representative survey of non-institutionalized adults in the United States. From reported age at first use, participants were categorized by type and sequence of tobacco product use. SUDAAN 8.0.1 was used for statistical analyses. Males aged 18-34 (n = 3454), weighted to provide estimates of the US population. A subsample of males aged 23-34 (n = 2614) was analyzed to minimize the possibility of future product switching. Smoking status, smokeless tobacco (snuff, chewing tobacco, both) use status, age at regular use of cigarettes, age at first use of smokeless tobacco. Of those 23-34-year-olds who had ever used SLT with or without cigarettes, 77.2% (95% CI: 71.3, 83.3) were classifiable as non-gateway users in that 35.0% (95% CI: 29.9, 40.1) had only used SLT and 42.2% (95% CI: 36.8, 47.7) had used cigarettes first. Cigarette use in younger cohorts was less common, despite increased SLT use. Those who used cigarettes before moist snuff were 2.1 times more likely to have quit smoking (95% CI 1.21,6.39) than cigarette-only users. The large majority of SLT users are non-gateway users. Causal gateway effects should be of minor concern for policy. SLT may be more likely to prevent smoking than cause it.

Surveying Smokeless Tobacco Use, Oral Lesions and Cessation Among High School Boys

We surveyed 821 Iowa teenage boys to establish patterns of smokeless tobacco use, occurrence of oral lesions and the effect of lesions on attitudes about quitting, current use and plans for future use. Results suggest that young ST users who currently have a lesion or have experienced lesions may be particularly receptive to discussion of quitting options and other information about ST health effects. Dentists and other oral health professionals should initiate ST intervention when establishing a lesion history or on discovering a lesion at examination.

Patterns of Smokeless Tobacco Use by Young Adolescents

The use of smokeless tobacco products by adolescents has reportedly increased. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of smokeless tobacco by young adolescents across geographic locations and to look at patterns of use and variables associated with continued use beyond experimentation. Participants were 2018 students in sixth through ninth grades. Forty-five percent were male and 76% were white. Use of smokeless tobacco products was reported by 12% of the total population, and 25% reported smoking. Smokeless tobacco use was associated with cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and parental substance abuse. Those reporting alcohol use were more than four times more likely to be users of smokeless tobacco than nondrinkers. We found increased age, being male, being white, smoking, drinking, perceived effects of smokeless tobacco use, and friends' smoking behavior to be significantly associated with continued use beyond experimentation. Smokeless tobacco use was reportedly greater in rural areas. Adolescents who reported initiating use between 6 and 8 years of age were using on a more frequent basis than those who had initiated use when older. This study demonstrated the need for targeting elementary schools for educational interventions aimed at reducing smokeless tobacco use.

Patterns of smokeless tobacco use among early adolescents

Patterns of smokeless tobacco use among early adolescents

Periodontal Effects Associated With the Use of Smokeless Tobacco

This report describes periodontal findings from a comprehensive study of smokeless tobacco use in professional baseball players. Subjects consisted of 1,094 players, coaches, and training staff of seven major league and their associated minor league teams. Before being examined, subjects completed questionnaires on patterns of smokeless tobacco use (validated by blood chemistry studies), rinsed their mouths under supervision, and were cautioned not to discuss their use of tobacco with the dental examiners. They then received a complete oral examination that included recording of all mucosal abnormalities, missing teeth, caries, extrinsic stain, attrition, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, pocket depth, attachment loss, and gingival recession. More than 50% of team members reported using smokeless tobacco, and 39% reported use during the current week. Among current week users, 46% had oral mucosal lesions, located primarily in the mandible at sites where the smokeless tobacco quid was placed. The use of smokeless tobacco was not necessarily associated with severe forms of periodontal disease, and the presence of poor oral hygiene and gingivitis in these users was not related to the development of oral lesions. However, sites adjacent to mucosal lesions in smokeless tobacco users showed significantly greater recession and attachment loss than in sites not adjacent to lesions in users or comparable sites in non-users.

Smokeless tobacco use among American college students.

This study sought to delineate patterns of smokeless tobacco use among college students in the United States. A national sample (N = 5,894) of approximately equal numbers of men and women from 72 colleges and universities participated in the study. Eight percent of the college students in the Northeast used smokeless tobacco, whereas 15% in the South Central United States were using it. Seventeen percent of the American Indian, 14% of Mexican-American, 12% of white, and 4% of black students reported they had dipped or chewed. Smokeless tobacco users were more likely to have family and friends who also used smokeless tobacco. Almost two thirds (63%) of current users plan to continue to dip or chew. More than half (57%) the users consumed less than two cans or pouches per week. Smokeless tobacco is a serious problem in American colleges and universities. Unless prevention and cessation efforts target this group, the problem will continue to increase and ultimately could result in an oral cancer epidemic.

Patterns of smokeless tobacco use among university athletes.

(1989). Patterns of Smokeless Tobacco Use among University Athletes. Journal of American College Health: Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 87-90.

Smokeless tobacco use by youth in the U.S.

Oral snuff and chewing tobacco, commonly referred to as smokeless tobacco, are being used by many adolescent and young adult males, and no indication exists that use by this group is declining. Users are at risk for oral cancer, noncancerous oral pathology such as leukoplakias, and addiction. Information about patterns of smokeless tobacco use and motivations of users may help planners develop and implement interventions. Variables include the importance of peer and family influences, social image, knowledge of harmful effects, regional differences, use of other substances, and addiction. Due to the addictive nature of smokeless tobacco, older youth may need cessation programs. Health educators are encouraged to include smokeless tobacco in their tobacco use prevention programs and to develop and implement comprehensive tobacco interventions appropriate for their youth population.

Prevalence and patterns of smokeless tobacco use in a southeastern university.

The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence and patterns of use for tobacco products, especially, the use of smokeless tobacco among students at a university in the Southeastern United States. Six-hundred and thirty-two students, representing both sexes, participated in the survey, which elicited information regarding current and former use of tobacco products. Smokeless tobacco use was considerably more prevalent among male students than among female students; the reverse was true for cigarette smoking. Overall, the prevalence of tobacco use in this study indicates a need to begin health education programs regarding the adverse health effects of smokeless tobacco use with males and to revise smoking education programs to place more emphasis on female usage.