Response Patterns Research Articles

Perceived Housing Problems and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Americans

ABSTRACT Housing insecurity has been shown to be associated with worse mental health. However, previous studies mostly examined one aspect of housing insecurity (e.g., affordability), and few focused on older adults. This study examined the relationship between perceived housing problems and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Americans. Data from the Health and Retirement Study between 2006 and 2018 were used. A total of 7,119 respondents (aged 50+ at baseline in 2006) were followed up every 4 years. Respondents self-reported the status, severity, and duration of their housing problems. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. Mixed-effect models examined the association between perceived housing problems and depressive symptoms. Results show about 5%-7% of respondents had housing problems during every study visit and 5.73% of them experienced persistent housing problems over 12 years. Having housing problems was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms (incidence risk ratio = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.23, 1.36). A dose–response relationship was observed in the severity and duration of housing problems, with a greater increase of depressive symptoms risk among those experiencing more severe or prolonged housing problems. The dose–response pattern highlighted the importance of early intervention and persistent assistance to those experiencing housing problems.

Ceanothus: Taxonomic patterns in life history responses to fire.

Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae) is a large genus of shrubs that dominate California chaparral and are resilient to fires. Persistence is ensured by resprouting and/or seedling recruitment from dormant seed banks. Some species do both and others, the obligate seeders, are entirely dependent on seedling recruitment. The distribution of these two modes within the genus is poorly documented. We used all available publications that document species responses to fire and filled most gaps in the literature based on extensive field studies of more than 60 recent wildfires in California. The genus is divided into two subgenera, Ceanothus and Cerastes. Ceanothus is widely considered to comprise mostly resprouting species and Cerastes to consist of only obligate seeders. The subgenus Ceanothus includes resprouting species throughout their range from the eastern United States and Midwest to western United States. Within the California Floristic Province (CFP), a few species are unique in producing massive lignotubers that develop from repeated fires; however, within the CFP, the majority of species in this subgenus do not resprout and are obligate seeders. Two have disjunct subspecies that are facultative seeders or obligate seeders. Previously, speciation in this genus was contended to have occurred in the late Miocene within the CFP. The syndrome of obligate seeding is most strongly represented in this region, and we hypothesize that evolution of this syndrome was a response to increased predictability of fire driven by the Mediterranean climate and the long interval between fires.

Treatment Outcomes in Awake Endoscopy With Advanced Programming in Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation.

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) is a treatment option for patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. In the post-implant period, awake endoscopy with advanced programming (AEAP) can be employed to improve apnea hypopnea index (AHI) reduction and/or patient comfort. This study describes response patterns to HNS after AEAP as well as patient-specific patterns in our patient population. Retrospective evaluation of 17 consecutive patients who underwent AEAP between June 2019 and December 2022. Post-AEAP AHIs were used to create 2 response groups, which facilitated analysis of patient-based characteristics. AHI reporting, deemed non-titration AHI (NT-AHI), is the whole-night AHI resulting from non-titration studies. Chi-squared, Pearson correlation coefficient, and independent samples t-test were used to determine significance deemed as P < .05. Fifteen of 17 patients (88.2%) presented for failed NT-AHI reduction, and 2/17 (11.8%) presented for comfort measures. Eleven patients (65%) showed an improvement in post-AEAP NT-AHI; 6 (35%) patients failed to improve. Four patients with either lateral wall collapse or concentric wall collapse at the tongue base failed to improve NT-AHI compared to a single patient who showed an improved NT-AHI (P = .017). Of the 2 patients who presented with discomfort, patient 1/2 demonstrated improvement in device usage, and patient 2/2 reported improved comfort while maintaining average device usage. AEAP is a powerful tool that offers the ability to identify settings conducive to increased therapy efficacy and improved treatment tolerability. Airway phenotypes are closely correlated with treatment efficacy, and as such, careful anatomical consideration of the upper airway must be performed when titrating therapy. Amongst the different treatment options for obstructive sleep apnea, hypoglossal nerve stimulation has been shown to be effective in positive-airway-pressure intolerant patients. This article explores response patterns to AEAP and highlights the importance of careful anatomical considerations of the upper airway. Level 3.

Experimental and numerical studies on corrosion-resistant aluminium foam sandwich panel subject to low-velocity impact

Aluminium foam sandwich panels (AFSPs) have a high impact resistance and are suitable for a wide range of engineering applications. To improve corrosion resistance, this paper proposes an anti-corrosion sandwich panel with stainless steel as the upper sheet. Drop hammer impact tests were performed on a total of ten AFSPs to investigate their dynamic response and failure patterns. To assess the deformation performance of AFSPs, a laser displacement meter was used to obtain the bottom centre displacement. The effects of the impact energy and the thickness of each component of AFSPs on the peak impact force and deformation performance were studied. Test results showed that the thickness of each component had notable effects on the impactor and bottom displacements. In addition, the effect of the unit mass of the components in AFSPs on decreasing the bottom displacement was discussed. Compared to increasing the aluminium foam and lower sheet thicknesses, increasing the upper sheet thickness was more effective in decreasing the bottom displacement. A finite element model of AFSPs was developed to conduct parameter analysis, indicating that impactors with larger diameters resulted in higher peak forces and reduced deformation of AFSPs.

Greater moisture impacts on radial growth of Larix sibirica in the eastern Altay Mountains since the 1990s.

Against the background of climate warming and humidification, the so-called 'divergence problem' reduces the stability of tree rings in response to climate, and affects the reliability of tree-ring reconstruction. Investigation of the divergence problem is crucial to improve our understanding of the response patterns of trees to climate warming, and provide a scientific basis for accurate climate reconstruction. Based on tree-ring width data for Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) growing at low elevations in the eastern Altay Mountains, we analyzed the relationship between radial growth of trees and climatic factors in the context of abrupt climate change in this region. We calculated the proportional contribution of five climatic factors to the radial growth of trees, and discussed the response mechanism of radial growth of L. sibirica in combination with large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. The radial growth of L. sibirica was mainly constrained by water availability. Before climate warming (1961-1990), the radial growth of L. sibirica was mainly limited by temperature in the previous June. After abrupt climate warming (1991-2020), there was a significant positive correlation between growth and soil moisture in the previous winter, suggesting that high temperatures in the following spring would limit tree radial growth if water availability was low. The attribution analysis results revealed that, before 1990, the proportional of relative contribution of temperature to radial growth of trees exceeded 60%. Since 1990, the proportional of relative contribution of water (precipitation and volumetric soil water) to growth of L. sibirica increased. This might reflect the combined effects of local climatic conditions and changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation.

Spatiotemporal hierarchies of face representation in the human ventral temporal cortex

In this study, we examined the relatively unexplored realm of face perception, investigating the activities within human brain face-selective regions during the observation of faces at both subordinate and superordinate levels. We recorded intracranial EEG signals from the ventral temporal cortex in neurosurgical patients implanted with subdural electrodes during viewing of face subcategories (human, mammal, bird, and marine faces) as well as various non-face control stimuli. The results revealed a noteworthy correlation in response patterns across all face-selective areas in the ventral temporal cortex, not only within the same face category but also extending to different face categories. Intriguingly, we observed a systematic decrease in response correlation coupled with an increased response onset time from human face to mammalian face, bird face and marine faces. Our result aligns with the notion that distinctions at the basic level category (e.g., human face versus non-human face) emerges earlier than those at the superordinate level (e.g., animate versus inanimate). This indicates response gradient in the representation of facial images within human face-sensitive regions, transitioning progressively from human faces to non-face stimuli. Our findings provide insights into spatiotemporal dynamic of face representations which varies spatially and at different timescales depending on the face subcategory represented.

Understanding the impact of environmental, social, and governance incidents on food producing corporations

This study investigates the intricate relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance-related reputational disasters and the financial performance of prominent, food-producing agricultural corporations. Results reveal a significant differential response pattern between large and small firms after ESG-related events. Large entities initially exhibit resilience with no immediate negative returns, while smaller entities face substantial, significant, and persistent stock market depreciation. Furthermore, direct interactions are identified between the depth of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) incorporation and the severity of stock price decline. For investors, ESG track record emerges as a critical assessment criterion. The theoretical implications extend to understanding the importance of robust ESG frameworks, not just for reputational integrity but also for financial stability. The findings emphasise corporations’ urgency to integrate forward-looking, socially responsible strategies, particularly in the agricultural sector.

A Comprehensive Investigation of Social Anxiety and Social Evaluative Stress in Autistic Children and Adolescents and Specific Learning Disorders.

The aim was to investigate trait social anxiety and social evaluative stress in autistic children and adolescents and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD). This was done by evaluating behavioral, subjective, and autonomic responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Study 1 included 280 children and adolescents: 60 autistic without intellectual disability (ID), 70 SLD, and 150 non-diagnosed (ND) peers. Study 2 involved 55 participants: 15 autistic without ID, 15 SLD, and 20 ND. The sample was predominantly male. In Study 1, behavioral (quality of public speech) and subjective (valence, arousal, perceived competence, and worries) aspects of social stress were examined. Study 2 expands upon the first study, as physiological responses to social stress were also measured. Trait social anxiety was investigated using both parents' and children's reports in the two studies. Parents of autistic participants and with SLD reported higher trait social anxiety in their children than the parents of ND. No differences emerged from the participants' self-reports, though those autistic and with SLD were assigned lower scores in the public speech quality than ND. Autistic children and adolescents reported lower arousal and higher perceived competence than ND, while those with SLD reported a lower perception of competence. Autistic participants had a decreased cardiac reactivity across the TSST when compared to SLD and ND. Our findings show unique patterns of responses within each group, confirming that the combined investigation of trait anxiety and social stress responses could be a valuable insight in research and clinical practice.

Decoding the role of HIF-1α in immunoregulation in Litopenaeus vannamei under hypoxic stress

Hypoxia poses a significant challenge to aquatic organisms, especially Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei), which play a vital role in the global aquaculture industry. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a pivotal regulator of the organism's adaptation to hypoxic conditions. To understand of how HIF-1α affects the immunity of L. vannamei under hypoxic conditions, we conducted a thorough study involving various approaches. These included observing tissue morphology, analyzing the expression of immune-related genes, assessing the activities of immune-related enzymes, and exploring immune-related pathways. Our study revealed that RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α markedly reduced HIF-1α expression in the gill (75 to 95%), whereas the reduction ranged from 2 to 43% in the hepatopancreas. Knockdown of HIF-1α resulted in increased damage to both gill and hepatopancreatic tissues in hypoxic conditions. Additionally, immune-related genes, including Astakine (AST), Hemocyanin (HC), and Ferritin (FT), as well as immune-related enzymes such as Acid Phosphatase (ACP), Alkaline Phosphatase (AKP), and Phenoloxidase (PO), exhibited intricate regulatory patterns in response to hypoxia stress following the knockdown of HIF-1α. Transcriptome analysis revealed that HIF-1α knockdown significantly impacts multiple signaling pathways, including the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation pathways, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, ribosomal pathways, apoptosis, lysosomes and arachidonic acid metabolism. These alterations disrupt the organism's immune balance and interfere with normal metabolic processes, potentially leading to various immune-related diseases. We speculate that the weakened immune response resulting from HIF-1 inhibition is due to the reduced metabolic capacity, and the existence of a direct regulatory relationship between them requires further exploration. This study greatly advances our understanding of the vital role that HIF-1α plays in regulating immune responses in shrimp under hypoxic conditions, thereby deepening our comprehension of this critical biological mechanism.

Pain-Discriminating Information Decoded From Spatiotemporal Patterns of Hemodynamic Responses Measured by fMRI in the Human Brain.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used in studying the neural mechanisms of pain in the human brain, primarily focusing on where in the brain pain-elicited neural activities occur (i.e., the spatial distribution of pain-related brain activities). However, the temporal dynamics of pain-elicited hemodynamic responses (HDRs) measured by fMRI may also contain information specific to pain processing but have been largely neglected. Using high temporal resolution fMRI (TR = 0.8 s) data acquired from 62 healthy participants, in the present study we aimed to test whether pain-distinguishing information could be decoded from the spatial pattern of the temporal dynamics (i.e., the spatiotemporal pattern) of HDRs elicited by painful stimuli. Specifically, the peak latency and the response duration were used to characterize the temporal dynamics of HDRs to painful laser stimuli and non-painful electric stimuli, and then were compared between the two conditions (i.e., pain and no-pain) using a voxel-wise univariate analysis and a multivariate pattern analysis. Furthermore, we also tested whether the two temporal characteristics of pain-elicited HDRs and their spatial patterns were associated with pain-related behaviors. We found that the spatial patterns of HDR peak latency and response duration could successfully discriminate pain from no-pain. Interestingly, we also observed that the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ) scores were correlated with the average response duration in bilateral insula and secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) and could also be predicted from the across-voxel spatial patterns of response durations in the middle cingulate cortex and middle frontal gyrus only during painful condition but not during non-painful condition. These findings indicate that the spatiotemporal pattern of pain-elicited HDRs may contain pain-specific information and highlight the importance of studying the neural mechanisms of pain by taking advantage of the high sensitivity of fMRI to both spatial and temporal information of brain responses.

Unveiling the Forces driving expert Activity: The impact of information environment and peer behavior on expert reviewer engagement behavior

Online platform engagement with customers, especially those with high expertise, is crucial for companies. As these expert customer reviews directly impact a company’s brand image and sales volume, an understanding of expert reviewer engagement behavior (EREB) is critical for companies’ marketplace success. This study explores the factors that influence EREB from two key situational cues: those from the company’s information environment and from peer expert behavior. Data from 144,634 Yelp reviewers and 5,080 restaurants were analyzed. The results reveal that companies with higher aggregate ratings are more likely to encourage EREB. The impact of overall and peer expert rating inconsistency on EREB varies: Overall rating inconsistency has a positive effect, while inconsistency among expert peers has a negative effect. Additionally, EREB exhibits herding and differentiation patterns in response to changes in peer expert engagement density. This results in a U-shaped relationship between EREB and peer expert engagement density, moderated by aggregate rating, overall rating inconsistency, and peer expert rating inconsistency. This study provides practical insights for marketers looking to engage expert customers and expands on the literature on expert customer engagement behavior.

How to tame a catoblepas

ABSTRACT Two recent experimental studies, by Shaun Nichols et al. and by Michael Devitt & Brian Porter claim to find evidence for the view that both causal-historical factors and descriptive factors play a role in determining the extensions of natural kind terms. Both studies use versions of a vignette featuring the fictional natural kind term “Catoblepas”. We conducted an experiment where we used vignettes and corresponding tasks that were otherwise fully analogous, but featured terms which are not natural kind terms. We found that such terms received the same patterns of response which Nichols et al. and Devitt & Porter took to justify their conclusions. We conclude that either the kind of view they arrive at applies more widely than just for natural kind terms or, as we think is more likely, the original results do not support such a two-factor view in the first place.

A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Phrase Structure and Subject Island Violations.

In principle, functional neuroimaging provides uniquely informative data in addressing linguistic questions, because it can indicate distinct processes that are not apparent from behavioral data alone. This could involve adjudicating the source of unacceptability via the different patterns of elicited brain responses to different ungrammatical sentence types. However, it is difficult to interpret brain activations to syntactic violations. Such responses could reflect processes that have nothing intrinsically related to linguistic representations, such as domain-general executive function abilities. To facilitate the potential use of functional neuroimaging methods to identify the source of different syntactic violations, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to identify the brain activation maps associated with two distinct syntactic violation types: phrase structure (created by inverting the order of two adjacent words within a sentence) and subject islands (created by extracting a wh-phrase out of an embedded subject). The comparison of these violations to control sentences surprisingly showed no indication of a generalized violation response, with almost completely divergent activation patterns. Phrase structure violations seemingly activated regions previously implicated in verbal working memory and structural complexity in sentence processing, whereas the subject islands appeared to activate regions previously implicated in conceptual-semantic processing, broadly defined. We review our findings in the context of previous research on syntactic and semantic violations using ERPs. Although our results suggest potentially distinct underlying mechanisms underlying phrase structure and subject island violations, our results are tentative and suggest important methodological considerations for future research in this area.

Nonlinear vibration characteristics and damage detection method of blade with breathing fatigue crack

In aero-engine, blades operate under harsh conditions for extended periods, which makes them highly susceptible to fatigue cracks. The localized and nonlinear structural changes caused by blade crack lead to complex vibration characteristics that are not well understood, posing challenges to the identification of these cracks. This paper proposes an approach for identifying breathing fatigue crack in compressor blade, leveraging the nonlinear features induced by the cracks. Crucial sensitive characteristics are extracted and a crack indicator for accurate crack detection is defined. Initially addressing the typical morphology of fatigue breathing cracks, a dynamic model of blade with cracks is developed to analyze their impact on the natural frequencies. Nonlinear contact forces are introduced to characterize the "breathing" effect of the fatigue crack, allowing for the determination of the harmonic distribution patterns in the blade's vibration response under various excitation conditions. A finite element model is then established considering the crack morphology, by adopting the contact element. Based on that, the nonlinear response characteristics associated with the blade's primary, sub-harmonic, and super-harmonic resonances are explored. A crack-sensitive parameter is defined and extracted from the nonlinear responses, under different crack propagation stages. At last, effectiveness and reliability of the defined parameter for identifying cracks is validated through a vibration fatigue test.

Adults and Children Engage in Subtle and Fine-Grained Action Interpretation and Evaluation in Moral Dilemmas.

Understanding the actions of others is fundamental for human social life. It builds on a grasp of the subjective intentionality behind behavior: one action comprises different things simultaneously (e.g., moving their arm, turning on the light) but which of these constitute intentional actions, in contrast to merely foreseen side-effects (e.g., increasing the electricity bill), depends on the description under which the agent represents the acts. She may be acting intentionally only under the description "turning on the light," but did not turn on the light in order to increase the electricity bill. In preregistered studies (N = 620), we asked how adults and children engage in such complex subjective action interpretation and evaluation in moral dilemmas. To capture the deep structure of subjects' representations of the intentional structures of actions, we derived "act trees" from their response patterns to questions about the acts. Results suggest that people systematically distinguish between intended main and merely foreseen side-effects in their moral and intentionality judgments, even when main and side-effects were closely related and the latter were harmful. Additional experimental conditions suggest that, when given ambiguous information, the majority of subjects assume that agents act with beneficial main intentions. This "good intention prior" was so strong that participants attributed good intentions even when the harmful action was no longer necessary to resolve the dilemma (Study 2). These methods provide promising new ways to investigate in more subtle and fine-grained ways how reasoners parse, interpret, and evaluate complex actions.

Functional preference and spatial response of urban renewal entities in Beijing

In the process of rapid urban renewal, quantitative research on functional preferences and spatial layout norms of multi-type urban renewal entities is crucial for optimizing spatial governance and promoting orderly control of urban renewal. We investigate urban renewal in Beijing from 2006 to 2021 using directional distribution, spatial autocorrelation, and hotspot analysis. The findings are as follows: (1) The functional preference of each type of entity differs. While most private companies and other profit-oriented entities concentrate on producer services and residential functions, policy-oriented entities dominate the urban regeneration of public service activities. (2) Every entity shows a significant agglomeration characteristic, yet exhibits a differentiated spatial response pattern. Those entities with stronger leasing ability prefer the central zone while others are the opposite. (3) Diverse types of entities have differentiated spatiotemporal evolutions. The spatial directional divergence of state-owned enterprises and scientific research institutes has increased between 2006 and 2021. This is mainly influenced by the policy of relieving Beijing of nonessential functions. However, the rest entities show a balanced spatial development trend with the difference in each direction becoming smaller. Furthermore, the center of gravity of profit-oriented entities has shifted from the suburbs to the central zone due to a combination of administrative and market forces, whereas the center of gravity of policy-oriented entities tends to move outward from the central zone.

Critères d’évaluation de la TEP au 18F-FDG au cours de l’immunothérapie

Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is well established as a first-line treatment for cancer, but assessing treatment response using molecular imaging is still evolving. Evaluating response during checkpoint inhibitor therapy is challenging due to induced immune responses and immune-related adverse effects, which lead to atypical response patterns compared to traditional chemotherapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) and its various radiotracers provide functional information that is valuable for early evaluation of treatment response and can offer critical insights into the efficacy of immunotherapy. Furthermore, PET can help differentiate between patients with a complete response and those with residual disease, potentially guiding clinicians in deciding whether to continue or escalate treatment. This review offers an overview of the application of PET in predicting and evaluating treatment response to immunotherapy, highlighting its potential to refine therapeutic strategies and improve patient outcomes.

Statistical noise in PD-(L)1 inhibitor trials: Unravelling the durable-responder effect

BackgroundProgrammed-death-1/ligand-1 inhibitors (PD-1/L1i’s) have emerged as pivotal treatments for many cancers. A notable feature of this class of medicines is the dichotomous response pattern: A small (but clinically-relevant) percentage of patients (5% - 20%) benefit from deep and durable responses resembling functional cures (durable responders), while most patients experience only a modest or negligible response. Accurately predicting durable responders remains elusive due to the lack of a reliable biomarker. Another notable feature of these medicines is that different PD-1/L1’s have obtained statistically significant results, leading to marketing approval, for some cancer indications, but not for others, with no discernible pattern. These puzzling inconsistencies have generated extensive discussions among oncologists. Proposed (but not entirely convincing) explanations include true underlying differences in efficacy for some types of cancer, but not others; or subtle differences in trial design. ObjectiveTo investigate a less-explored hypothesis—the durable-responder effect: An initially unidentified group of durable responders generates more statistical noise than anticipated, leading to low-powered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that report randomly variable results. Study designEmploying simulation, this investigation divides participants in PD-(L)1i RCTs into two groups: durable responders and patients with a more modest response. Drawing on published data for melanoma, lung and urothelial cancers, multiple pre-specified scenarios are replicated 50,000 times, systematically varying the durable-responder percentage from 5% to 20% and the modest-response hazard ratio for overall survival [HR(OS)] from 0.8 to 1.0. This allowed evaluation of the effect of durable responders on power, point estimates of the treatment effect for OS, and the probability of a misleading signal for harm. ResultsWhen the treatment effect for the modest responders is similar to the comparator arm, statistical power remains below 80%, limiting the ability to reliably detect durable responders. Conversely, there is a material probability of obtaining a statistically significant result that exaggerates the treatment effect by chance. For instance, with an average HR(OS) of 0.93 (corresponding to 5% durable responders), statistically significant trials (7.2%) show an average HR(OS) of 0.77. Additionally, when 5% are durable responders, there is a 20% probability that the HR(OS) will exceed 1.0—suggesting potential harm, when none exists. ConclusionThis paper adds to the possible explanations for the puzzlingly inconsistent results from PD-(L)1i RCTs. Initially unidentified durable responders introduce features typical of imprecise, low-powered studies: a propensity for false-negative results; estimates of benefit that might not replicate; and misleading signals for harm.

Mechanical-electric response characteristics of 1–3 connectivity pattern cement-based piezoelectric composite sensors with varying functional phase parameters under impact loading

In this study, 1–3 connectivity pattern cement-based piezoelectric composites (CPCs) and cement-based piezoelectric composite sensors (CPCSs) with varying functional phase parameters were developed. The essential properties of the CPC specimens were systematically characterized. Additionally, the mechanical-electric response characteristics of the CPCS specimens under impact loading were examined using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique. The results indicate that the piezoelectric constant (d33) of the CPC specimens increases with higher functional phase volume ratios and greater composite thickness. Under impact loading, both stress and electric displacement showed similar response patterns, demonstrating a strong force-electric coupling. Furthermore, within the experimental range, the electric displacement of the CPCS specimens increased with strain rate, indicating their potential for real-time monitoring of dynamic responses under varying impact conditions.

Profiling the global map of ester-producing metabolism and the response patterns of key genes to environmental factors during medium-high temperature Daqu production

Profiling the global map of ester-producing metabolism and the response patterns of key genes to environmental factors during medium-high temperature Daqu production