Patterns Of Relationships Research Articles

Family History of Pathological Gambling, Related Factors Effects, and Suicidality in Rural Greece

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to understand the family history of people pathologically engaging in gambling in rural Greece along with the factors and effects (suicidal thoughts/attempts) related thereto, according to participants’ perspective. Qualitative in nature, the study was based on 32 semi-structured interviews carried out with adults who attended a Treatment Facility for pathological gambling in Heraklion Crete, in Greece. A past family history of excessive gambling was reported by most of the participants, while in many cases were reported a family history of alcohol misuse. Participants perceived self-characteristics, losses/traumatic experiences, paternal and nuclear family characteristics, work-related problems, peers who also gamble and upbringing practices influenced by culture as principal pathological gambling factors. Participants also reported that pathological gambling has various effects on one’s psychological mood, behavior, and relationship patterns with self and others. Most participants also reported having suicidal thoughts, whereas a few of them mentioned at least one suicide attempt. The study concludes that pathological gambling in the current population is associated with a past family history of excessive gambling or alcohol misuse. Multiple factors also seem to contribute to its manifestation and to such adverse effects, such as suicidal thoughts and attempts.

Laryngeal nerves in the cadaveric neck and its relevance to neck surgery- A descriptive study

Background Because of its close relationship with vessels that supply the thyroid gland, it is necessary to understand and document the course of the laryngeal nerves to prevent accidental damage. Otherwise it can lead to weakness in vocal cord function if ligated along with the arteries during thyroidectomy or other surgical procedures. The aim of our study was to examine and document the origin, relationship, and branching patterns of the laryngeal nerves on the side of the neck. Method The present cross sectional anatomical study was conducted on 64 dissected necks of formalin-fixed cadavers that were utilized for undergraduate teaching purposes. Different parameters were measured in the neck along with the relationship between the laryngeal nerves and their accompanying arteries. Results We observed usual and unusual course of laryngeal nerves along with some variations. Some of the novel findings were an internal laryngeal nerve piercing the thyroid cartilage lamina and an external laryngeal nerve communicating with the superior cervical ganglion. Conclusion The present study observed anatomical variations in the course of the laryngeal nerves, which are relevant for clinical practice. The potential risks of damage to these laryngeal nerves during various surgical procedures make it necessary to review and compile its relationship with the surrounding structures.

Deriving general structure–activity/selectivity relationship patterns for different subfamilies of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors using machine learning methods

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play essential roles in regulating the cell cycle and are among the most critical targets for cancer therapy and drug discovery. The primary objective of this research is to derive general structure–activity relationship (SAR) patterns for modeling the selectivity and activity levels of CDK inhibitors using machine learning methods. To accomplish this, 8592 small molecules with different binding affinities to CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK5, and CDK9 were collected from Binding DB, and a diverse set of descriptors was calculated for each molecule. The supervised Kohonen networks (SKN) and counter propagation artificial neural networks (CPANN) models were trained to predict the activity levels and therapeutic targets of the molecules. The validity of models was confirmed through tenfold cross-validation and external test sets. Using selected sets of molecular descriptors (e.g. hydrophilicity and total polar surface area) we derived activity and selectivity maps to elucidate local regions in chemical space for active and selective CDK inhibitors. The SKN models exhibited prediction accuracies ranging from 0.75 to 0.94 for the external test sets. The developed multivariate classifiers were used for ligand-based virtual screening of 2 million random molecules of the PubChem database, yielding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves ranging from 0.72 to 1.00 for the SKN model. Considering the persistent challenge of achieving CDK selectivity, this research significantly contributes to addressing the issue and underscores the paramount importance of developing drugs with minimized side effects.

Rove beetles occurred widely along the Pacific coasts of the Northern Hemisphere: Phylogeny and biogeography of the marine littoral Psammostiba (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)

AbstractThe North Pacific distribution of coastal aleocharines has been explained as the result of either dispersal or vicariance. The rove beetle genus Psammostiba is a marine littoral group that occurs on the Pacific coasts of the Northern Hemisphere. We performed phylogenetic analysis of Psammostiba using molecular characters (4685 bp) to investigate their biogeographic patterns. The data were analysed using parsimony, Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. Model‐based analyses showed the same pattern of Psammostiba species relationships, but parsimony analysis yielded different species relationships for the unresolved clade of Psammostiba. According to the reconstruction of the ancestral areas, both vicariance (two events) and dispersal (one event) have played roles in shaping its current distribution. Biogeographical analyses suggest that the common ancestor of Psammostiba occurred widely along the Pacific coasts of the Northern Hemisphere and underwent vicariance events.

Using Human Resources Data to Predict Turnover of Community Mental Health Employees: Prediction and Interpretation of Machine Learning Methods.

This study used machine learning (ML) to predict mental health employees' turnover in the following 12 months using human resources data in a community mental health centre. The data contain 621 employees' information (e.g., demographics, job information and client information served by employees) hired between 2011 and 2021 (56.5% turned over during the study period). Six ML methods (i.e., logistic regression, elastic net, random forest [RF], gradient boosting machine [GBM], neural network and support vector machine) were used to predict turnover, along with graphical and statistical tools to interpret predictive relationship patterns and potential interactions. The result suggests that RF and GBM led to better prediction according to specificity, sensitivity and area under the curve (>0.8). The turnover predictors (e.g., past work years, work hours, wage, age, exempt status, educational degree, marital status and employee type) were identified, including those that may be unique to the mental health employee population (e.g., training hours and the proportion of clients with schizophrenia diagnosis). It also revealed nonlinear and nonmonotonic predictive relationships (e.g., wage and employee age), as well as interaction effects, such that past work years interact with other variables in turnover prediction. The study indicates that ML methods showed the predictability of mental health employee turnover using human resources data. The identified predictors and the nonlinear and interactive relationships shed light on developing new predictive models for turnover that warrant further investigations.

Exploration of the biochemical composition of Citrus L. seeds for industrial applications

This study aimed to assess the biochemical profiles of Citrus L. seeds and elucidate the correlation patterns among varieties based on their biochemical compositions. Samples of Citrus L. seeds were subjected to extraction, and the resulting oils were analyzed for their biochemical levels. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was usedto unveil the relationship patterns among Citrus L. The research findings revealed that several citrus seeds, including C. Paradise, C. limon (L.) Burm.f., Citrus reticulate, C. maxima (Burm.) Merr., and Citrus sinensis, exhibited similarities in their compositions of flavonoid compounds, phenolic acids, and carotenoids. However, aromatic volatile compounds displayed variations among varieties without discernible patterns of similarity. The N-serotonin compound exhibited significant variations among varieties; whereas fatty acid compounds demonstrated similarities between Citrus latifolia and C. limon (L.) Burm.f. The eight samples showed no similarity in their biochemical variation patterns.

Social support for functional dependence, activity patterns, and chronic pain outcomes: A cross-lagged mediation panel study.

Received social support undermining engagement in life activities of individuals with chronic pain (e.g., solicitousness, support for functional dependence) is consistently correlated with worse physical functioning, pain severity, and disability. Whether such responses lead to worse pain outcomes (operant model of pain) or the latter lead to more supportive responses undermining activity engagement (social communication and empathy models of pain) is unknown, given the lack of cross-lagged panel studies. Furthermore, the mediating role of activity patterns in such relationships over time is entirely unclear. This study aimed to bridge these gaps. This was a 3-month prospective study with three waves of data collection (T1-T3; 6-week lag in-between), including 130 older adults (71% women; Mage = 78.26) with musculoskeletal chronic pain attending day-care centers. At every time point, participants filled out self-report measures of staff social support for functional dependence, activity patterns, physical functioning, pain severity, and interference. Scales showed good/very good test-retest reliability (ICC = .74-.96) and internal consistency (all α > .90). Parsimonious cross-lagged panel mediation models showed the best fit (χ²/df < 2.44; CFI > .96; GFI > .93; RMSEA < .09). Bidirectional effects were found over time, but poorer pain outcomes at T1 (higher pain severity/interference, lower physical functioning) more consistently predicted higher social support for functional dependence than vice versa. Poorer pain outcomes (T1) predicted more avoidance/less overdoing (T3), via increased received support for functional dependence (T2). Further research on the cyclical relationships between the study variables across chronic pain trajectories is needed to harness the power of interpersonal relationships in future self-management interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Patterns of constitutive and induced herbivore defence are complex, but share a common genetic basis in annual and perennial monkeyflower

Abstract Despite multiple ecological and evolutionary hypotheses that predict patterns of phenotypic relationships between plant growth, reproduction and constitutive and/or induced resistance to herbivores, these hypotheses do not make any predictions about the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms that mediate these relationships. We investigated how divergent plant life‐history strategies in the yellow monkeyflower and a life‐history altering locus, DIV1, influence plasticity of phytochemical herbivory resistance traits in response to attack by two herbivore species with different diet breadth. Life‐history strategy (annual vs. perennial) and the DIV1 locus significantly influenced levels of constitutive herbivory resistance, as well as resistance induction following both generalist and specialist herbivory. Perennial plants had higher total levels of univariate constitutive and induced defence than annuals, regardless of herbivore type. Annuals induced less in response to generalist herbivory than did perennials, while induction response was equivalent across the ecotypes for specialist herbivory. The effects of the DIV1 locus on levels of constitutive and induced defence were dependent on genetic background, the annual versus perennial haplotype of DIV1 and herbivore identity. The patterns of univariate induction due to DIV1 were non‐additive and did not always match expectations based on patterns of divergence for annual/perennial parents. For example, perennial plants had higher levels of constitutive and induced defence than did annuals, but when the annual DIV1 was present in the perennial genetic background induction response to herbivory was higher than for the perennial parent lines. Patterns for multivariate defence arsenals generally echoed those of univariate, with annual and perennial monkeyflowers and those with alternative versions of DIV1 differing significantly in constitutive and induced resistance. Like univariate resistance, induced multivariate defence arsenals were affected by herbivore identity. Our results highlight the complexity of the genetic mechanisms underlying plastic response to herbivory. While a genetic locus underlying substantial phenotypic variation in life‐history strategy and constitutive defence also influences defence plasticity, the induction response also depends on genetic background. This result demonstrates the potential for some degree of evolutionary independence between constitutive and induced defence, or induced defence and life‐history strategy, in monkeyflowers. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

TracKGE: Transformer with Relation-pattern Adaptive Contrastive Learning for Knowledge Graph Embedding

Knowledge Graphs, fundamental to intelligent applications, are increasingly critical in various domains, enhancing tasks like precise searching and personalized recommendation. Effectively representing entities and relationships in these graphs is key, especially as the Transformer model, despite its representational prowess, faces challenges in adapting to the graph’s structure and complex relations. In this work, we present the Transformer with Relation-pattern Adaptive Contrastive Learning for Knowledge Graph Embedding (TracKGE). Specifically, TracKGE transforms the structural information of the knowledge graph into a sequence format that is more manageable for Transformers. In addition, we employ a relation-pattern adaptive contrastive learning module to capture a richer semantic and complex relationship pattern information of the knowledge graph. Lastly, by introducing a mask node model, it addresses the issue of incomplete information in the knowledge graph, further enhancing the model’s capability to capture implicit relationships within it. To evaluate the performance of our model, we have chosen well-established models as baselines and executed link prediction tasks on four renowned datasets. Our experimental results reveal that our model excels in representing the semantics and intricate structures of Knowledge Graphs. It outperforms other advanced baseline models, showcasing its superior capability in handling complex data representations.

Patterns of Stakeholder Relationships in the Implementation of the Tomira Partnership Program in Kulon Progo

TOMIRA stands for People's Owned Stores, which emerged as a reaction to the widespread growth of modern networked or franchised stores in the community, especially in Kulon Progo Regency. The development of modern network stores or franchises is considered a threat to the long-term existence of traditional markets, which in this case include cooperatives and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). TOMIRA is a partnership program between cooperatives, MSMEs, and large networked modern shop companies supported by the Kulon Progo Regency government in an effort to provide solutions for the sustainability of cooperatives and MSMEs in society. However, the TOMIRA partnership program still has various deficiencies, especially in terms of the roles and relationship patterns of the stakeholders involved. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the pattern of relationships that occur between stakeholders involved in the implementation of the TOMIRA partnership program so that this program is expected to have a high success rate and be beneficial to various parties in the future.

Hubungan Kepemimpinan Pembelajaran Kepala Sekolah Lingkungan Kerja dan Iklim Sekolah Dengan Sikap Profesional Guru di SMP Negeri Kecamatan Pelaihari Kabupaten Tanah Laut

This research analyzes the direct and indirect relationship between Principal Learning Leadership, Work Environment, School Climate, and Professional Attitudes of Public Middle School Teachers in Pelaihari District, Tanah Laut Regency. This type of research is quantitative with an explanatory method using a path analysis model to analyze relationship patterns between variables. The research population was 140 teachers from 8 State Middle Schools in Pelaihari District, Tanah Laut Regency, and 104 respondents were taken as research samples using the Probability Simple Random Sampling technique. Data collection uses questionnaire instruments, and data analysis uses descriptive analysis, classical assumption testing, hypothesis testing, and path analysis. The results of the study of the regression coefficient values ​​for the Principal Learning Leadership and Teacher Professional Attitude variables were 0.423, the Work Environment and Teacher Professional Attitude variables were 0.279, the School Climate and Teacher Professional Attitude variables were 0.232, the Principal Leadership and School Climate variables were 0.430, the Work Environment variable and School Climate of 0.515, the Principal Learning Leadership variable through School Climate with Teachers' Professional Attitudes of 0.778 and the Work Environment variable through School Climate with Teachers' Professional Attitudes of 0.805. In conclusion, a partial direct relationship exists between Principal Learning Leadership, Work Environment, and Teacher Professional Attitudes in Public Middle Schools in Pelaihari District, Tanah Laut Regency. There is an indirect relationship between the Principal's Learning Leadership through School Climate and Teachers' Professional Attitudes and the Work Environment through School Climate and Teachers' Professional Attitudes in Public Middle Schools in Pelaihari District, Tanah Laut Regency. Keywords: Principal Learning Leadership, Work Environment, School Climate, Teacher Professional Attitude

Wife's Self-efficacy when her husband is serving a criminal sentence and its Relevance to Indonesian Family Law: Mubadalah Perspective

This article examines the wife's self-efficacy when her husband is serving a criminal sentence and its relevance to family law in Indonesia. The formulation of this research is the wife's self-efficacy in maintaining the household when the husband is serving a sentence in the Lampung Provincial Penitentiary; How is the fulfilment of family maintenance when the husband is serving a sentence in the Lampung Provincial Penitentiary?; and How is the impact on the family when the husband is serving a sentence in the Lampung Provincial Penitentiary and its contribution to the development of family law in Indonesia. The research objectives include the wife's self-efficacy in maintaining the household when the husband is imprisoned in the Lampung Provincial Penitentiary, the fulfilment of family maintenance while the husband is serving a sentence, as well as the impact on the family and its contribution to the development of family law in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach with field research conducted in several correctional institutions and religious courts in Lampung Province. Data were obtained from primary and secondary sources, analysed with qualitative methods using mubadalah theory. The results showed that wives facing this situation experienced significant economic, social, physical, and mental impacts, yet they were able to adapt to the conditions. Wives' self-efficacy, which reflects awareness of marital partnership, is key in maintaining family integrity, with mubadalah relationship patterns as a strategy to maintain household harmony in the face of trials such as husbands who become prisoners.

Hubungan Antara Kepemimpinan Instruksional Kepala Sekolah, Kompetensi Profesional Guru, Motivasi Erprestasi, dan Kinerja Guru SDN di Kecamatan Murung Pudak Kabupaten Tabalong

The aim of this research is to analyze the direct and indirect relationship between the principal's instructional leadership, professional competence, achievement motivation and the work discipline of SDN teachers in Murung Pudak District, Tabalong Regency. The method used is quantitative descriptive research using a correlational path analysis model to analyze relationship patterns between variables. The research population was 280 teachers from 24 elementary schools in Murung Pudak District and 143 respondents as research samples using the Proportionate Random Sampling technique and the proportional allocation formula. Data collection uses questionnaire instruments and data analysis uses descriptive analysis, classical assumption testing, hypothesis testing and path analysis. results of the analysis of the regression coefficient values for the principal's instructional leadership variable with teacher performance were 0.421, the professional competency variable with performance was 0.330, the achievement motivation variable with performance was 0.256, the principal's instructional leadership variable with achievement motivation was 0.485, the professional competency variable with achievement motivation was 0.485. 0.437, the principal's instructional leadership variable with performance through achievement motivation is 0.124 and the professional competency variable with performance through achievement motivation is 0.112. Conclusion of this research is that the principal's instructional leadership variables, professional competence, achievement motivation and performance of SDN teachers in Murung Pudak District, Tabalong Regency are all in the high category. Keywords:Instructional Leadership, Motivation, Professional Competence, Performance.

Unveiling the Inner World: Exploring Emotional Intelligence, Faith, and Time Perspective among Italian Nuns

The aim of this study was to verify whether emotional intelligence and intrinsic religious orientation have a positive influence on a balanced time perspective (BTP) in the lives of Italian consecrated women. A positive, balanced time perspective, together with the ability to recognize one’s own emotions and those of others, is integral to people’s experience of religiosity in their lives. In this way, a balanced time perspective can open the experience of religiosity, contributing to a better world, along with all those who are engaged in a religious sentiment that is no longer limited to single segments of self-interest. In this study, we provided evidence that religious beliefs (not just participation in corporate religious life) can provide an alternative source of understanding emotions and perceiving time, for the religious people who live their consecrated life together. We tested whether this phenomenon was specific to the potential associations between various aspects of religious belief, emotional intelligence, and time perspective. This research was conducted on a sample of 283 Italian nuns, and it was verified that both emotional intelligence and intrinsic religiosity contribute significantly to a BTP. Furthermore, the fact that emotional intelligence is mediated by intrinsic religious orientation increases the benefits of emotional intelligence on the BTP of Italian nuns. Altogether, our results suggest that religiosity is linked to a balanced temporal profile and to a positive way of understanding emotions. More specifically, the pattern of relationships between religion, emotions, and time can influence and deepen both the individual and collective understanding of humanity among these religious women and create space for mutual engagement despite obvious differences. These results are in line with the requisites of Public Theology, as they allow us to specify selectively the developments on a more secure and empirical basis of how religiosity can affect the life of people, by exposing the submerged theological assumptions that characterize the internal beliefs of religiosity. Moreover, the research data indicate that the deep aspects of religiosity influence greatly the day-to-day living of religious women. This practical influence of religiosity confirms the urgency of opening up theological reflection in the public sphere of life. In fact, as long as the religiosity of the nuns is not reduced to private practice, theological reflection will also be opened to its public significance in the different fields of their apostolic mission.

Komunikasi Ko-Kreasional Program Sehat Sejahtera (SESERA) PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja dengan Masyarakat Pulau Kemaro

The purpose of this study is to investigate the co-creative communication of the Sehat Sejahtera Program (Sesera) and to construct a collaborative model between corporate and community in the context of implementing ecotourism at the Kemaro Island tourist attraction in Palembang City. This study uses qualitative methodologies and a case study design to handle primary data based on interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation as secondary data. The data analysis employs the Miles and Huberman Interactive Model in three steps, beginning with data reduction and structured in a relationship pattern to facilitate interpretation and drawing or verifying results. Research findings show that co-creational communication referring to Co-Creation Theory is implemented through social responsibility strategies focussing on tourist experiences and interactive relationships with the surrounding community. The collaboration carried out is PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang's social and environmental responsibility (TJSL) approach to the Kemaro Island tourist destination.

PELATIHAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL CALON GURU BK DALAM PENGGUNAAN SOSIOMETRI

A non-test instrument commonly used to find out the social relationships of students is sociometry. Sociometry is a method of collecting data about students' social interactions. This method is done by asking each individual to choose three other friends who are liked to those who are not liked. The position of each individual relationship that occurs in the group can be measured quantitatively and qualitatively. The form of relationships in this sociometry also varies, including triangular social relationships, centralized social relationships, intimate social relationships, mesh-shaped social relationships, and chain-shaped social relationships. The results of this sociometric processing will obtain an overview in the form of the number of scores obtained by each individual, relationship patterns, relationship intensity, and the position of students in their friendships.

The Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Religiousness in Schizotypal Personality and Life Satisfaction: A Cross-Sectional Study

Intolerance of uncertainty is an important trans-diagnostic determinant of mental disorders. It is related to psychotic symptoms and religiousness. Religiousness is related to schizotypal personality and wellbeing. Therefore, in a cross-sectional study, we studied the effects of intolerance of uncertainty and religiousness on schizotypal personality and the schizotypal personality-mediated effects of intolerance of uncertainty and religiousness on life satisfaction. On a sample of 734 college students (age, M = 20.3, SD = 3.48), intolerance of uncertainty, religiousness, life satisfaction, and schizotypal personality were measured through paper-pencil questionnaires. The results showed that intolerance of uncertainty had positive (direct) relationships with all schizotypal personality dimensions. However, intolerance of uncertainty had positive (mediated by ideas of reference and magical thinking) and negative (mediated by eccentric behavior) indirect effects on life satisfaction. Religiousness had direct as well as indirect (mediated by eccentric behavior) positive effects on life satisfaction. However, the behaving (mediated by ideas of reference) and belonging (mediated by magical thinking) sub-dimensions of religiousness had some indirect negative effects on life satisfaction. Thus, the present study shows that intolerance of uncertainty is an important contributor to psychotic proneness. Religiousness is largely health-enhancing. Moreover, there is a nuanced pattern of interactional relationship between intolerance of uncertainty, religiousness, schizotypal personality, and life satisfaction. We have discussed the theoretical and applied implications of the findings.

The indirect effects of perfectionism on athletes' self-views through maladaptive emotion regulation.

In general, increased levels of perfectionism have been associated with increased levels of burnout, heightened levels of depression and anxiety, lowered self-esteem, and poorer overall performance, yet perfectionistic strivings within athletes have also been associated with lower burnout and better performance in some contexts. The current study investigated whether emotion regulation strategies would indirectly link perfectionism with self-esteem in young adults who had participated in competitive athletics. Two hundred and fifty-three primarily white (60.0 %), female (83.0 %) undergraduate students who had participated in competitive athletics completed a series of questionnaires including: the Self-liking and Self-Competence Scale - Revised, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the short form of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to examine the indirect association between perfectionism and self-esteem through emotion regulation. Higher self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism were both indirectly associated with lower self-liking and self-competence through greater catastrophizing and self-blame. For individuals like athletes, who experience internal and external pressures, increased perfectionism may lead to negative self-views through maladaptive emotion regulation. However, longitudinal and experimental work is needed to establish this proposed pattern of relationships.

Examining the relationship between wind speed, climatic conditions, and road accidents in Iran

This study investigates the relationship between wind speed, climatic conditions, and road accidents in Iran, focusing on the type of accidents and collisions. The research aims to identify the causes of accidents and provide insights for prediction and decision-making purposes. The study adopts a developmental research approach, analyzing road accident data and wind speed data. Logistic regression is employed to investigate the correlation between wind speed and the type of accidents and collisions. Data mining techniques, specifically the J48 decision tree algorithm, are used to examine the relationship patterns among wind speed, climatic conditions, collision types, and accident types. Additionally, texts and articles related to atmospheric hazards and road accidents are studied, and interviews are conducted with road accident experts and drivers to extract insights into the causes of road accidents in Iran. The findings indicate that wind speed does not have a direct and significant effect on the type of accidents (fatal or non-fatal), but it does influence the type of collisions in road accidents. The decision tree analysis reveals patterns in the relationships between weather conditions, wind speed, collision types, and accident types, enabling the prediction of collision probabilities in different scenarios. The causes of road accidents in Iran are categorized into human factors, secondary causes, and unique causes. Based on the findings, several recommendations are proposed to enhance road safety and reduce accidents in Iran.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of GRAS gene family in Eucalyptus grandis

BackgroundThe GRAS gene family is a class of plant-specific transcription factors with important roles in many biological processes, such as signal transduction, disease resistance and stress tolerance, plant growth and development. So far, no information available describes the functions of the GRAS genes in Eucalyptus grandis.ResultsA total of 82 GRAS genes were identified with amino acid lengths ranging from 267 to 817 aa, and most EgrGRAS genes had one exon. Members of the GRAS gene family of Eucalyptus grandis are divided into 9 subfamilies with different protein structures, while members of the same subfamily have similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Moreover, these EgrGRAS genes expanded primarily due to segmental duplication. In addition, cis-acting element analysis showed that this family of genes was involved involved in the signal transduction of various plant hormones, growth and development, and stress response. The qRT-PCR data indicated that 18 EgrGRAS genes significantly responded to hormonal and abiotic stresses. Among them, the expression of EgrGRAS13, EgrGRAS68 and EgrGRAS55 genes was significantly up-regulated during the treatment period, and it was hypothesised that members of the EgrGRAS family play an important role in stress tolerance.ConclusionsIn this study, the phylogenetic relationship, conserved domains, cis-elements and expression patterns of GRAS gene family of Eucalyptus grandis were analyzed, which filled the gap in the identification of GRAS gene family of Eucalyptus grandis and laid the foundation for analyzing the function of EgrGRAS gene in hormone and stress response.