Pattern Of Neurological Disorders Research Articles

465-P: AGE Precursor Methylglyoxal May Result in Behavioral Pattern of Neurological Disorders in Animal Mouse Model

Purpose of the study: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and diabeticcomplications. Impairment in neuropsychological functioning in DM patients is shownin clinical studies. Patients with DM have a higher risk of developing neurologicaldisorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) , depression, and anxiety. Symptoms ofthese diseases are observed in diabetic animal models and in population-based studies.DM-induced activation of stress responses in the central nervous system (CNS) such asoxidative stress and neuroinflammation may lead to various neurological disorders.Abnormal accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG) , one of the most reactive advancedglycation end-product (AGE) precursors, is found in the serum of DM patients. As MGis reported to induce brain cells impairment in the CNS, the effect of MG leading tosubsequent symptoms of the three neurological disorders was investigated. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were treated with MG solution (60mg/kg) or sham control byintraperitoneal injection for weeks. Rotarod test, open-field test (OFT) , and forcedswim test (FST) were used to examine the motor coordination, anxiety-like behavior,and depressive-like behavior of mice respectively. Corresponding parameters of thetests were measured and recorded. Summary of the results: In the rotarod test, significantly reduced latency to fall off was observed in the MG-treated group (74.1 ± 5.33) than that in the control group (92.9 ± 5.80) . In the OFT,significantly reduced total traveled distance (285 ± 1.01) was observed in the MG-treated group than that in the control group (13.4 ± 1.48) . In the FST, significantlyincreased percentage of immobile time was observed in the MG-treated group (77.6 ±2.19) than that in the control group (68.7 ± 2.42) . Conclusions: MG could induce symptoms of PD, depression, and anxiety in mice. MG may play arole in the dysfunction of brain cells and dysregulation of CNS resulting in neurologicaldisorders Disclosure K.Yue: None.

Pattern of Neurological Disorders in an Adult Neurology Clinic at Abakaliki Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Neurological disorders are common with increasing prevalence worldwide. The pattern of their presentation at Abakaliki Nigeria is not known. It is against this background that we embarked on this retrospective observational study on the pattern of neurological disorders in an Adult neurology clinic at Abakaliki Nigeria.
 
 METHOD: This is a retrospective observational hospital based study where the attendance registers of the 2 neurology clinics were used to extract demographic and clinical information of patients seen at the clinics from January 2019 to June 2020.
 
 RESULTS: A total of 1910 (72%) patients (Male- 1063, Female- 847) had neurological disorders. Common neurological disorders include Stroke, Seizure disorder, Parkinsonism, Dementia, Spondylosis, and headache.
 
 CONCLUSION: Neurological disorders are quite common in neurology clinics at Abakaliki Nigeria with preponderance of stroke.

Out-patient neurological disorders in Tanzania: Experience from a private institution in Dar es Salaam.

Background and introductionLow and middle-income countries (LMIC) have a considerable burden of neurological disorders. Available profile of neurological disorders in our environment is biased towards neurological admissions. There is a paucity of data on out-patient neurological conditions in sub-Saharan Africa.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency and demographic data of neurological illnesses being managed at the adult out-patient neurology clinic of the Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam (AKHD).Materials and methodsThe electronic medical records of all cases with neurological diseases who presented to the adult neurology clinic of the AKHD between January 2018, and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Neurological disorders are categorized according to the international classification of diseases version-11(ICD-11).ResultsOf the 1186 patients seen in a period of 2 years, there were 597 (50.4%) females and 588(49.6%) males, with median age (IQR) of 38 (30.0–52.0) and 42 (33.0–54.5) years respectively (p = 0.001). Headache disorders (27.0%); disorders of the nerve root, plexus or peripheral nerves (23.4%); epilepsy (9.3%), cerebrovascular disorders (8.9%); movement disorders (3.6%) and disorders of cognition (3.5%) were the primary neurological conditions encountered. Musculoskeletal disorders (7.5%) and mental/behavioral disorders (5.4%) were other conditions seen in the clinic.ConclusionThe pattern of neurological disorders in this cohort mirrors that of high-income countries. However, the manpower to tackle these conditions pales in comparison. Increasing the neurology workforce and paying extra attention to non-communicable disorders in SSA is advocated.

Prevalence of Neurological Disorders in Bangalore, India: A Community-Based Study with a Comparison between Urban and Rural Areas

A population-based neuroepidemiological survey of 102,557 individuals in urban and rural Bangalore in Southern India was conducted to determine the prevalence and pattern of neurological disorders. The study population included subjects from urban (51,502) and rural (51,055) areas, identified through a two-stage stratified random sampling method. Trained social workers administered the screening questionnaire, which had been tested and validated in an earlier pilot study and a neurologist examined the individuals who screened positive. Adults, children (<15 years) and elderly adults (>60 years) constituted 61, 34 and 5% of the study group, respectively. There was a distinct difference in education, occupation and income levels between urban and rural areas with all these parameters being lower in the rural population. In the surveyed population, 3,206 individuals with neurological disorders were detected resulting in crude and age-adjusted prevalence rates of 3,126 and 3,355 per 100,000 population, respectively. The prevalence rate among children, middle-aged (31–40 years) and elderly adults was 2,653, 3,932 and 5,012 per 100,000 population, respectively. The prevalence of neurological disorders among women (3,617) was higher compared with men (2,657). The prevalence rate in urban and rural populations was 2,190 and 4,070/1,00,000, respectively, implying that neurological disorders were twice as frequent in rural areas as in urban areas. The prevalence rates per 100,000 population of the most frequent disorders in the descending order of frequency were: headache (1,119), epilepsy (883), febrile convulsions (330), cerebrovascular disorder (150), and mental retardation (142). This large-scale population-based survey provides data that will be crucial for developing hospital and community-based neurological services in India and other developing countries.

Myasthénie et grossesse: l'atteinte du nouveau-né peut être révélatrice

Myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease of young women, is due to the dysfunction of neuromuscular transmission. The newborn of a myasthenic mother inconstantly presents a transitory neonatal myasthenic syndrome. Maternal aggravation, or even myasthenic crisis with respiratory failure, can occur in the first three months post-partum. Mrs. S., para two without appreciable medical history, delivered normally a boy weighing 4 kg with an Apgar score of 10/10. At 3 h of life the newborn was admitted to the neonatal care unit for grunting and axial hypotonia. Diagnoses of maternal-fetal infection and fetal distress were excluded. The dissociated pattern of neurological disorders (refusal to drink, axial hypotonia, hypomimia, but good contact and normal alertness) led to search for neuromuscular causes or poison. Myasthenia gravis was then considered and confirmed by maternal electromyography, allowing the diagnosis of transient neonatal myasthenia gravis and early diagnosis and treatment of the maternal myasthenic crisis in a specialized care unit. The outcome of both mother and child was favorable under treatment. Lack of maternal myasthenia gravis history should not result in excluding the diagnosis of transitory neonatal myasthenia gravis when evocative neonatal neurological signs are present. The symptomatology in the newborn may indeed reveal maternal myasthenia gravis, allowing an early diagnosis in both the mother and the newborn.

Neurologic Disorders in Saudi Children

Neurologic Disorders in Saudi Children