Lobe Of Pattern Research Articles

Single-cell multi-omics analysis of lineage development and spatial organization in the human fetal cerebellum

Human cerebellum encompasses numerous neurons, exhibiting a distinct developmental paradigm from cerebrum. Here we conducted scRNA-seq, scATAC-seq and spatial transcriptomic analyses of fetal samples from gestational week (GW) 13 to 18 to explore the emergence of cellular diversity and developmental programs in the developing human cerebellum. We identified transitory granule cell progenitors that are conserved across species. Special patterns in both granule cells and Purkinje cells were dissected multidimensionally. Species-specific gene expression patterns of cerebellar lobes were characterized and we found that PARM1 exhibited inconsistent distribution in human and mouse granule cells. A novel cluster of potential neuroepithelium at the rhombic lip was identified. We also resolved various subtypes of Purkinje cells and unipolar brush cells and revealed gene regulatory networks controlling their diversification. Therefore, our study offers a valuable multi-omics landscape of human fetal cerebellum and advances our understanding of development and spatial organization of human cerebellum.

A new exploration on passive control of transonic flow over a backward-facing step

PurposeThis paper aims to study passive control techniques for transonic flow over a backward-facing step (BFS) using square-lobed trailing edges. The study investigates the efficacy of upward and downward lobe patterns, different lobe widths and deflection angles on flow separation, aiming for a deeper understanding of the flow physics behind the passive flow control system.Design/methodology/approachLarge Eddy Simulation and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes were used to evaluate the results of the study. The research explores the impact of upward and downward patterns of lobes on flow separation through the effects of different lobe widths and deflection angles. Numerical methods are used to analyse the behaviour of transonic flow over BFS and compared it to existing experimental results.FindingsThe square-lobed trailing edges significantly enhance the reduction of mean reattachment length by up to 80%. At Ma = 0.8, the up-downward configuration demonstrates increased effectiveness in reducing the root mean square of pressure fluctuations at a proximity of 5-step height in the wake region, with a reduction of 50%, while the flat-downward configuration proves to be more efficient in reducing the root mean square of pressure fluctuations at a proximity of 1-step height in the near wake region, achieving a reduction of 71%. Furthermore, the study shows that the up-downward configuration triggers early spanwise velocity fluctuations, whereas the standalone flat-downward configuration displays less intense crosswise velocity fluctuations within the wake region.Practical implicationsThe findings demonstrate the effectiveness of square-lobed trailing edges as passive control techniques, showing significant implications for improving efficiency, performance and safety of the design in aerospace and industrial systems.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates that the square-lobed trailing edges are effective in reducing the mean reattachment length and pressure fluctuations in transonic conditions. The study evaluates the efficacy of different configurations, deflection angles and lobe widths on flow and provides insights into the flow physics of passive flow control systems.

Clinical, radiological varieties and diagnostic facilities of smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV uninfected patients, a retrospective analysis

Abstract Context Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. It is the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide, after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). WHO estimated TB incidence in Egypt in 2019 at 12 000. Purpose The aim of this study was to make a re-look at the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, and radiological findings of patients with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPT) in non-HIV infected patients. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed including non-HIV patients with smear negative TB, with studying of demographics, symptoms, radiological patterns, and radiological distribution and the used diagnostic methods. Statistical analysis The demographic, clinical, and radiological data were gathered together, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. Data analysis was performed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS – version 22). Results 74 smear-negative TB, non-HIV, age mean 47.17 ± 12.8 SD, 72.2% were males, DM was present in (39.2%), fever in (83.3%), weight loss in (61.1%), cough in (59.7%), consolidation pattern in (63.8%), cavities in (36.1%), an apical segment of right upper lobe in (41.9%), bronchoscopic lavage with Ziehl–Neelsen stain (BAL ZN) diagnosed (52.7%) of sputum negative cases. Conclusion Common variables among recorded cases were male sex, middle-aged individuals, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), toxic manifestation, an involved right apical segment of the upper lobe, consolidation and cavitary patterns, and most cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopic lavage with Ziehl–Neelsen.

Association of Type‐2 diabetes mellitus with voxelwise tau uptake patterns

AbstractBackgroundDysfunctional insulin signaling and elevated hemoglobin‐A1c (HbA1c) ‐ both associated with type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ‐ may result in increased tau hyperphosphorylation, thereby increasing the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)‐related neuropathology in T2DM patients. Individuals with both AD and T2DM show different profiles of tauopathy compared to individuals with just AD. Here, we evaluated voxelwise tau‐PET patterns with and without T2DM to clarify T2DM‐associated patterns of tau deposition in cognitively intact older adults.MethodWe examined 502 cognitively intact adults from the Health and Aging Brain Study: Health Disparities who had available 18F‐PI‐2620 tau‐PET, florbetaben‐PET (Aβ) (n = 462), MRI T1‐weighted scans (Siemens‐3T), and blood HbA1c levels (n = 492) (Table1). Voxelwise regression models were run in SPM12 using warped 18F‐PI‐2620 standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) images as the outcome variable (gray matter of the posterior cerebellum reference region) and covarying for age, sex, and education. The first model assessed the effect of T2DM consensus diagnosis on tau uptake. The second model examined the relationship between HbA1c and tau uptake. Both voxelwise regression models were rerun adding global Aβ‐SUVR, obesity, and hypertension as covariates (Figure1).ResultVoxelwise regressions were corrected at voxel p<0.001, cluster FWE p<0.05. T2DM diagnosis was associated with higher 18F‐PI‐2620 uptake in the medial and inferior occipital regions, posterior cingulate, and parahippocampus. Higher HbA1c levels were associated with more 18F‐PI‐2620 uptake in parietal and frontal regions. When covarying for global Aβ‐SUVR, obesity, and hypertension, T2DM diagnosis was associated with 18F‐PI‐2620 uptake in the posterior cingulate. In the HbA1c model, no clusters survived FWE correction after covarying for global Aβ‐SUVR, obesity, and hypertension (Figure1). ConclusionIndependent of common T2DM comorbidities and brain amyloid, T2DM subjects demonstrated a 18F‐PI‐2620 tau uptake pattern that was different from the characteristic age‐associated medial temporal lobe pattern. Our voxelwise approach allowed us to identify regions that may distinguish T2DM‐related pathology from AD‐related changes. The difference in significant clusters between models could be due to HbA1c levels being controlled by medication in some T2DM patients – an area for future study.

Analysis of Grating Lobe Effects on GEO DSC Distributed Antennas

Traditional single-antenna systems have inherent limitations in terms of antenna gain, anti-interference capability, and flexibility. To overcome these challenges, satellite-mounted distributed antenna systems disperse multiple antennas at different positions on the satellite to improve the reception quality and signal-to-noise ratio of satellite signals, enhancing the performance of the satellite communication system without additional bandwidth or transmission power. However, the dispersed locations and long distances between antennas on the satellite result in less compact spacing compared to terrestrial distributed antennas, leading to the generation of a significant number of grating lobes. The distributed satellite cluster (DSC) approach revolutionizes the traditional mode of satellite utilization, enabling close collaboration among distributed loads. In this study, we analyzed the impact of grating lobes produced by DSC distributed antennas in geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) and simulated the grating lobe patterns of two 1 m circular aperture satellite antenna arrays in GEO. The simulation results revealed that the relative position change of the satellites affected the width and number of interference fringes in a certain ground area, while change in the carrier phase led to the translation of the interference fringes. To mitigate the grating lobes, we employed a sparse array technique. The simulation results demonstrated that the sparse array effectively suppressed the grating lobes but at the expense of a decrease in the sidelobe level and beamwidth.

Hydrocarbon potential assessment of the lacustrine fan delta reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous syn-rift Xing’anling Formation in the Beier Sag, Hailar Basin, Northeast China

Efficient exploration and development of oil and gas resources in complex geological environments continue to pose significant challenges for the energy industry. The localization and extraction of reservoirs in basins with complex structures, developed faults, and scattered sedimentary sand bodies are topics of international interest. One such basin, the Hailar Basin in northeastern China, represents a complex geological environment with heterogeneous distributions of oil and gas reserves, along with variable reservoir conditions, leading to challenges in hydrocarbon exploration and extraction. The Sudeert oil field, situated within this basin, is known for its high productivity; nevertheless, the underlying factors responsible for its success are not yet fully comprehended. Based on seismic, logging, and core data from the Sudeert oil field, as well as previous research, this study comprehensively analyzed the sedimentary environment, sedimentary facies characteristics, sand body distribution patterns, vertical stacking relationships of sand bodies, and hydrocarbon accumulation potential of the oil reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Xing’anling Formation in the Sudeert oil field. The Xing’anling Formation I and II oil reservoirs are deposited in a fan-delta front sedimentary environment, and the sedimentary microfacies that are conducive to the development of reservoir sand bodies include underwater distributary channels, underwater natural levees, estuary dams, front silt beds, and turbidite sands. Among them, the underwater distributary channel microfacies is the main depositional facies for the development of reservoir sand bodies. Three major depositional patterns of fan lobes can be identified within this depositional system: 1) isolated, 2) contact, and 3) superimposed lobes. Different combinations of lobes developed in different blocks and resulted in different sand body depositional patterns. The isolated lobes mainly developed in the western oil-producing (B28 block) due to the scarcity of sand and slowly increasing accommodation space. The contact lobes mainly developed in the central oil-producing block (B14 block) due to sufficient sediment supply and steadily increasing accommodation space across a wide area. The superimposed lobes mainly developed in the southeast oil-producing block (B16 block) due to sufficient sediment input and steadily increasing accommodation space within a restricted area. In the whole study area, the superimposed lobe pattern is the most favorable depositional pattern and forms the highest-quality reservoirs because of the high degree of sand body connectivity. These results also highlight the utility of sedimentary patterns and sand body assemblage studies for the oil exploration and development of similar rifted basins.

Lady Windermere Syndrome: Historical Perspective and Report of a Rare Case

Abstract Introduction/Objective Lady Windermere syndrome refers to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease with an isolated lingular or middle lobe pattern of involvement. This is thought to be due to habitual suppression of the cough voluntarily. Typical demographics are that of elderly female patient. Although the etiology remains unclear high prevalence of pectus excavatum, scoliosis and mitral valve prolapse has also been noted in these patients. The purpose of this report this to describe a case of this syndrome. Methods/Case Report A 64-year-old female with a history of breast carcinoma status post bilateral mastectomies, and thyroid papillary microcarcinoma, status post thyroidectomy, presented with hemoptysis. Clinically and radiological findings were consistent with pneumonia which improved but did not completely resolve following antibiotic treatment. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed progressive infiltrates and bronchoscopy cultures grew Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Repeat antibiotic therapy resulted in only marginal improvement. Repeat CT showed diffuse bronchiectatic changes with scattered nodularity and tree-in-bud opacities, with majority of involvement in the right middle lobe and lingula. Multiple interventions were employed to ameliorate the patient’s condition including a positive expiratory pressure device, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) precautions and combinations of 2 drug therapies without significant improvement in her condition. It was ultimately decided that she may benefit from a right middle lobectomy. Histologic sections from the lobectomy specimen showed necrotizing and non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and bronchiolectasis. Rare acid-fast microorganisms were identified on AFB special satin. Lady Windermere syndrome was suggested in the diagnostic comment after expert consultation. Patient’s symptoms improved after surgery and additional samples show no growth of MAC. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion Although rendering a definite diagnosis is challenging in such cases, the constellation of clinical, radiologic, and histologic finding can be used to raise the possibility of Lady Windermere syndrome.

Variations in lung fissures and lobes morphology in population of Andhra Pradesh of South India (a cadaveric study)

Knowledge of the position of lung fissures is necessary for the appreciation of lobar anatomy and thus locating the bronchopulmonary segments. The study aimed to investigate the patterns of fissures and lobes of the lungs and their variations in Andhra Pradesh, India and to find their clinical implications and compare them with the previous studies. Methods: The patterns of lobes, fissures, and hilar anatomy of lungs and its variations of 47 lungs by dissection method of embalmed cadavers was performed in the Department of Anatomy, Narayana Medical College (Nellore, India). The specimens were macroscopically observed for gross morphology of fissures and lobes. Results. The study showed oblique fissure in 33 % (grade 1), 26 % (grade 2), 24 % (grade 3) and 14 % (grade 4) of right lungs and 27 % (grade 1), 31 % (grade 2), 12 % (grade 3) and 12 % (grade 4) of left lungs. The incomplete horizontal fissure was seen in 38 % of right-sided lungs (grade 1). 19 % of right lungs and 10 % of left lungs had accessory lung fissures. Conclusions. Awareness of the variations in the lobes and fissures of the lungs is important for radiologists while interpreting magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans. Also, we believe that the data from the present study certainly adds an important reference in the medical literature to thoracic surgeons in performing pneumonectomy and segmental resection.

METHOD FOR SPATIAL POLARIZATION COMPENSATION OF JAMMING

Context. To protect radars from active noise interference (jamming) acting along the side lobes of the antenna pattern, spatial signal filtering is used, which is realized by using diversity reception of the useful signal and interference. In this case, the difference in the directions of interference and signal makes it possible to compensate for interference and detect a useful signal. However, in the case where the source of interference is in the main lobe, the differences between the desired signal and the interference are reduced. This leads to significant distortion of the antenna main lobe pattern. As a result, the accuracy of angular coordinates measurement deteriorates, as well as the sensitivity of the receiving radar device. The article proposes a new method for spatial polarization processing of radar signals, which provides compensation for active noise interference both as from the directions of the side lobes and from the direction of the main beam of the antenna pattern. Objective. The goal is to develop a method for spatial polarization processing of radar signals under the influence of active noise interference both along the side lobes of the antenna pattern and along the main lobe. Method. The method is implemented by using structural adaptation of the noise protection device, depending on the direction of the interference. In this case, the control signal for structural adaptation is formed according to the magnitude of the current spatial filter weighting coefficient value. Results. A block diagram of a spatial polarizing filter which provides compensation for active noise interference acting both on the side lobes and on the main lobe of the radar antenna pattern. The mathematical model of the compensation unit that implements the structural adaptation of the spatial polarization filter has been developed. Under the conditions of the first special polarization basis, the efficiency of noise suppression acting along the main lobe of the antenna pattern is estimated. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research is the development of a new method of spatial polarization processing of radar signals under difficult conditions of radar operation under massive active noise interference. The practical significance of the research is in the development of a block diagram of a spatial polarizing filter that provides compensation for interference both from the direction of the side lobes and from the direction of the main lobe of the antenna pattern. The mathematical model of the filter has been developed. The efficiency of noise suppression under the conditions of the first special polarization basis is estimated.

Rapid Test Method for Multi-Beam Profile of Phased Array Antennas.

The measurement of the phased array antenna (PAA) is completely different from the traditional antenna, due to its multi beam patterns. Usually, each beam pattern of the PAA needs a separate measurement, which makes the overall time extremely long. Thus, the traditional method can no longer meet the efficiency and cost requirements of new PAA measurement. In this paper, a pattern reconstruction method is proposed which significantly reduce the measurement time of multi-beam PAAs. With the known array element patterns (AEP) and theoretical weighted port excitation of the beams, any beam pattern can be predicted by measuring only a certain beam pattern, due to the element excitation coefficient (including the matching, mutual coupling, and manufacturing factors, etc.) of the specific PAA being calculated. The approach has low reconstruction error in term of beam pointing accuracy, side lobe, and co-polar and cross-polar patterns while being validated for large scanning range. Through theoretical derivation and experiments, the effectiveness of the method is verified, and the testing efficiency of the phased array antenna can be improved by 10 times or even more.

An endovaginal MRI array with a forward-looking coil for advanced gynecological cancer brachytherapy procedures: Design and initial results.

To develop an endovaginal MRI array that provides signal enhancement forward into the posterior parametrium and sideways into the vaginal wall, accelerating multiple-contrast detection of residual tumors that survive external beam radiation. The array's enclosure should form an obturator for cervical cancer brachytherapy, allowing integration with MRI-guided catheter placement, CT, and interstitial radiation dose delivery. The endovaginal array consisted of forward-looking and sideways-looking components. The forward-looking element imaged the cervix and posterior endometrium, and the sideways-looking elements imaged the vaginal wall. Electromagnetic simulation was performed to optimize the geometry of a forward-looking coil placed on a conductive-metallic substrate, extending the forward penetration above the coil's tip. Thereafter, an endovaginal array with one forward-looking coil and four sideways-looking elements was constructed and tested at 1.5 Tesla in saline and gel phantoms, and three sexually mature swine. Each coil's tuning, matching, and decoupling were optimized theoretically, implemented with electronic circuits, and validated with network-analyzer measurements. The array enclosure emulates a conventional brachytherapy obturator, allowing use of the internal imaging array together with tandem coils and interstitial catheters, as well as use of the enclosure alone during CT and radiation delivery. To evaluate the receive magnetic field ( ) spatial profile, the endovaginal array's specific absorption-rate (SAR) distribution was simulated inside a gel ASTM phantom to determine extreme heating locations in advance of a heating test. Heating tests were then performed during high SAR imaging in a gel phantom at the predetermined locations, testing compliance with MRI safety standards. To assess array imaging performance, signal-to-noise-ratios (SNR) were calculated in a saline phantom and in vivo. Swine images were acquired with the endovaginal array combined with the scanner's body and spine arrays. Simulated profiles for the forward-looking lobe pattern, obtained while varying several geometric parameters, disclosed that a forward-looking coil placed on a metal-backed substrate could double the effective forward penetration from approximately 25 to ∼40mm. An endovaginal array, enclosed in an obturator enclosure was then constructed, with all coils tuned, matched, and decoupled. The ASTM gel-phantom SAR test showed that peak local SAR was 1.2 W/kg in the forward-looking coil and 0.3 W/kg in the sideways-looking elements, well within ASTM/FDA/IEC guidelines. A 15-min 4 W/kg average SAR imaging experiment resulted inless than2o C temperature increase, also within ASTM/FDA/IEC heating limits. In a saline phantom, the forward-looking coil and sideways-looking array's SNR was four to eight times, over a 20-30mm field-of-view (FOV), and five to eight times, over a 15-25mm FOV, relative to the spine array's SNR, respectively. In three sexually mature swine, the forward-looking coil provided a 5+0.2 SNR enhancement factor within the cervix and posterior endometrium, and the sideways-looking array provided a 4+0.2 SNR gain factor in the vaginal wall, relative to the Siemens spine array, demonstrating that the array could significantly reduce imaging time. Higher SNR gynecological imaging is supported by forward-looking and sideways-looking coils. A forward-looking endovaginal coil for cervix and parametrium imaging was built with optimized metal backing. Array placement within an obturator enhanced integration with the brachytherapy procedure and accelerated imaging for detecting postexternal-beam residual tumors.

Patterns of nodal spread in stage III NSCLC: importance of EBUS-TBNA and 18F-FDG PET/CT for radiotherapy target volume definition

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the pattern of intra-patient spread of lymph-node (LN)-metastases within the mediastinum as assessed by 18F-FDG PET/CT and systematic endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial-needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for precise target volume definition in stage III NSCLC.MethodsThis is a single-center study based on our preceding investigation, including all consecutive patients with initial diagnosis of stage IIIA-C NSCLC, receiving concurrent radiochemotherapy (12/2011–06/2018). Inclusion criteria were curative treatment intent, 18F-FDG PET/CT and EBUS-TBNA prior to start of treatment. The lymphatic drainage was classified into echelon-1 (ipsilateral hilum), echelon-2 (ipsilateral LN-stations 4 and 7) and echelon-3 (rest of the mediastinum, contralateral hilum). The pattern of spread was classified according to all permutations of echelon-1, echelon-2, and echelon-3 EBUS-TBNA findings.ResultsIn total, 180 patients were enrolled. Various patterns of LN-spread could be identified. Skip lesions with an involved echelon distal from an uninvolved one were detected in less than 10% of patients by both EBUS-TBNA and PET. The pattern with largest asymmetry was detected in cases with EBUS-TBNA- or PET-positivity at all three echelons (p < 0.0001, exact symmetry test). In a multivariable logistic model for EBUS-positivity at echelon-3, prognostic factors were PET-positivity at echelon-3 (Hazard ratio (HR) = 12.1; 95%-CI: 3.2–46.5), EBUS-TBNA positivity at echelon-2 (HR = 6.7; 95%-CI: 1.31–31.2) and left-sided tumor location (HR = 4.0; 95%-CI: 1.24–13.2). There were significantly less combined ipsilateral upper (LN-stations 2 and 4) and lower (LN-station 7) mediastinal involvements (16.8% of patients) with EBUS-TBNA than with PET (38.9%, p < 0.0001, exact symmetry test). EBUS-TBNA detected a lobe specific heterogeneity between the odds ratios of LN-positivity in the upper versus lower mediastinum (p = 0.0021, Breslow-Day test), while PET did not (p = 0.19).ConclusionFrequent patterns of LN-metastatic spread could be defined by EBUS-TBNA and PET and discrepancies in the pattern were seen between both methods. EBUS-TBNA showed more lobe and tumor laterality specific patterns of LN-metastases than PET and skipped lymph node stations were rare. These systematic relations offer the opportunity to further refine multi-parameter risk of LN-involvement models for target volume delineation based on pattern of spread by EBUS-TBNA and PET.

The Crazy-Paving Pattern in Chest CT Imaging of COVID-19 Patients: An Alarming Sign for Hospitalization

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major threat to all humans. Objectives: To assess the association between the patients’ clinical and laboratory records, computed tomography (CT) findings, and epidemiological features of COVID-19 with the severity of the disease. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective case-control study conducted on the medical records of confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients on admission, we investigated the CT manifestations and clinical and laboratory risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The medical records and radiological CT features of confirmed COVID-19 patients were reviewed in one public hospital and one respiratory clinic in Qom, Iran, from August 1 to September 30, 2020. Results: Of 236 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 62 were infected with moderate to severe COVID-19 and required hospital admission, and 174 were followed-up on an outpatient basis. A significant difference was found in the mean age of the outpatient and hospitalized groups. The incidence of bilateral lung involvement, consolidations, linear opacities, crazy-paving pattern, air bronchogram, and number of lobes involved were significantly higher in the hospitalized group compared to the outpatient group. However, the crazy-paving pattern was only significantly associated with an oxygen saturation (SpO2) level &lt; 90% and, coughing. Our findings indicated that the crazy-paving pattern was significantly associated with the inflammatory phase. The presence of this pattern on admission, SpO2 &lt; 90%, older age, and diabetes were independent risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19. Conclusion: The crazy-paving pattern can predict the severity of COVID-19, which is of great importance in the management and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Clinical factors, such as aging, male gender, and diabetes, may be risk factors for the crazy-paving pattern. Severe cough is the most important clinical sign related to this pattern, along with an SpO2 &lt; 90%, which is an important sign of COVID-19 severity.

Special beamforming by means of a semi-spherical Lüneburg lens

The paper considers a semi-spherical Lüneburg lens with a conductive shield. In certain conditions a lens of such design may form radiation patterns without the side lobe or cosecant-type patterns. Such radiation patterns can be formed by controlling the following parameters: antenna feed angle, conductive shield diameter, dielectric substrate thickness. The paper focuses on particular cases of obtaining special-type radiation patterns.

Increased High Frequency Compared to Low Frequency Power in Heart Rate Variability in Parkinsonism

Heart rate variability (HRV) decreases in Parkinson’s disease which could be a consequence of reduced motor activity besides being a marker of cardiovascular dysautonomia. The diurnal low frequency power and high frequency power decrease in advanced Parkinsonism. In this case, there is decreased low frequency (LF) but high frequency (HF) is found to be very high compared to LF, which needs explanation. Multiple lobed pattern on Poincare plot in this case increases SD1, which has an analogy to HF, therefore HF is increased. If we remove premature beats from the recording while analysing, and then frame Poincare plot, it would be a normal torpedo pattern and HF value will be decreased in this case like LF, as is normally found in Parkinsonism, which would truly reflect the HRV values due to autonomic effects. HRV report should be interpreted for autonomic dysfunction when Poincare plot is torpedo pattern as other patterns may signify some intrinsic disease of heart.

MULTIPATTERN VARIATION IN CADAVERIC HUMAN PULMONARY FISSURE: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY IN INDIAN CADAVER

INTRODUCTION: knowledge of the morphological pattern of ssure and lobes of lungs can contribute to decreases morbidity and mortality associated with cardiopulmonary surgeries. Anatomical variation of ssure in human lungs noticed as absent, incomplete or complete during routine dissection. My study was aimed at analyzing into the morphological mul AIM: tipattern of ssure and lobes of lungs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study based on macroscopic examination of 60 (30 right and 30 left) embalmed human cadaveric lungs. After thoroughly observation of each lung specimens were noted pattern of lobes, ssure variation and studied in detail. All lungs specimen was photographed for record. In the present study following observation was made: Right sided lungs had, Incompl RESULT &amp; CONCLUSION: ete Horizontal ssures in 11 lungs, absent horizontal ssures in 01 lung and incomplete oblique ssure in 08. Left sided lungs had, Incomplete oblique ssures in 09 lungs, knowledge of variation in the morphological pattern of ssure and lobes of lungs useful tool for medical clinicians, radiologist and cardiopulmonary surgeon for interpretation of correct location of bronchopulmonary segments.

Liver lymphatic drainage patterns follow segmental anatomy in a murine model

The liver’s cellular functions are sustained by a hierarchical, segmentally-organized vascular system. Additionally, liver lymphatic vessels are thought to drain to perihepatic lymph nodes. Surprisingly, while recent findings highlight the importance of organ-specific lymphatics, the functional anatomy of liver lymphatics has not been mapped out. In literature, no segmental or preferential lymphatic drainage patterns are known to exist. We employ a novel murine model of liver lymphangiography and in vivo microscopy to delineate the lymphatic drainage patterns of individual liver lobes. Our data from blue dye liver lymphangiography show preferential lymphatic drainage patterns: Right lobe mainly to hepatoduodenal ligament lymph node 1 (LN1); left lobe to hepatoduodenal ligament LN1 + LN2 concurrently; median lobe showed a more variable LN1/LN2 drainage pattern with increased (sometimes exclusive) mediastinal thoracic lymph node involvement, indicating that part of the liver can drain directly to the mediastinum. Upon ferritin lymphangiography, we observed no functional communication between the lobar lymphatics. Altogether, these results show the existence of preferential lymphatic drainage patterns in the murine liver. Moreover, this drainage can occur directly to mediastinal lymph nodes and there is no interlobar lymphatic flow. Collectively, these data provide the first direct evidence that liver lymphatic drainage patterns follow segmental anatomy.

Cyclic stacking pattern, architecture and facies of the turbidite lobes in the Macigno Sandstones Formation (Chattian-Aquitanian, northern Apennines, Italy)

This study presents a detailed facies analysis of an 800 m-thick stratigraphic succession in the basinal turbidites of the Macigno Sandstones Formation (MSF) recording the first foredeep in the northern Apennines (Italy). This stratigraphic succession shows an evident stacking pattern that, besides the basal part (200 m thick) dominated by fine grained and thin beds, is characterized by seven magnificently exposed sandstone lobes (from 90 to 19 m thick) separated by well-developed fine-grained interlobe deposits. Thanks to the detailed facies analysis, not only a well-defined architectural hierarchy has been identified, but a facies scheme has also been proposed, whereby cyclic recurring of three facies associations has in turn been identified. Each facies association records a well-determined evolutionary stage of lobe development, where an early depositional stage of the lobe building phase is followed by a flow impact and bypass stage recording flow decelerations and hydraulic jumps induced by the morphology created by the underlying depositional lobe. The latter phase promotes a switching and channel feeder avulsion that heralds the third phase of abandonment with the deposition of fine-grained interlobes. The facies stacking pattern and the evolutionary model of the MSF - also supported by other similar field and experimental works - are intended as a contribution to the understanding of intrinsic autogenic mechanisms at the basis of sand-rich depositional lobe development.

Mass and non-mass breast MRI patterns: a radiologic approach to sick lobe theory.

According to sick lobe theory, one or more lobes of the breast are more prone to the development of carcinoma. However, the implications of this theory in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are unknown. To evaluate the MRI appearance of mass type (multifocal and multicentric diseases) and non-mass type (non-mass enhancements) sick lobe patterns, together with the histopathology results. MRI reports of 2015 patients in two tertiary breast imaging centers between June 2012 and June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed for multifocal-multicentric diseases and segmental, linear, and regional enhancements. A total of 113 patients were included. The specimens obtained by thick needle, vacuum, excisional biopsy/lumpectomy or mastectomy after breast MRI scans were pathologically assessed. The pathologic results were categorized as invasive carcinoma, precursor, and benign proliferative lesions according to the 2012 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. The percentage of underlying benign and precursor invasive lesions was significantly different in patients with mass and non-mass MRI patterns. While the pathology results of mass type patterns were premalignant and malignant in all cases, nearly half of the underlying histologies were benign proliferative subtypes in patients with non-mass type patterns. In this study, the mass and non-mass patterns derived from sick lobe theory were related to different risks of malignancy in the pathological examinations.

Comparison of the computed tomography findings in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia in immunocompetent adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ObjectivesTo compare the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to other non-COVID viral pneumonia.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched through April 04, 2020, for published English language studies. Studies were eligible if they included immunocompetent patients with up to 14 days of viral pneumonia. Subjects had a respiratory tract sample test positive for COVID-19, adenovirus, influenza A, rhinovirus, parainfluenza, or respiratory syncytial virus. We only included observational studies and case series with more than ten patients. The pooled prevalence of each chest CT pattern or finding was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsFrom 2263 studies identified, 33 were eligible for inclusion, with a total of 1911 patients (COVID-19, n = 934; non-COVID, n = 977). Frequent CT features for both COVID-19 and non-COVID viral pneumonia were a mixed pattern of ground-glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation (COVID-19, 0.37; 0.17–0.56; non-COVID, 0.46; 0.35–0.58) or predominantly GGO pattern (COVID-19, 0.42; 0.28–0.55; non-COVID 0.25; 0.17–0.32), bilateral distribution (COVID-19, 0.81; 0.77–0.85; non-COVID, 0.69; 0.54–0.84), and involvement of lower lobes (COVID-19, 0.88; 0.80–0.95; non-COVID, 0.61; 0.50–0.82). COVID-19 pneumonia presented a higher prevalence of peripheral distribution (COVID-19 0.77; 0.67–0.87; non-COVID 0.34; 0.18–0.49), and involvement of upper (COVID-19, 0.77; 0.65–0.88; non-COVID 0.18; 0.10–0.27) and middle lobes (COVID-19, 0.61; 0.47–0.76; non-COVID 0.24; 0.11–0.38).ConclusionExcept for a higher prevalence of peripheral distribution, involvement of upper and middle lobes, COVID-19, and non-COVID viral pneumonia had overlapping chest CT findings.Key Points • Most common CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were a predominant pattern of ground-glass opacity (GGO), followed by a mixed pattern of GGO and consolidation, bilateral disease, peripheral distribution, and lower lobe involvement. • Most frequent CT findings of non-COVID viral pneumonia were a predominantly mixed pattern of GGO and consolidation, followed by a predominant pattern of GGO, bilateral disease, random or diffuse distribution, and lower lobe involvement. • COVID-19 pneumonia presented a higher prevalence of peripheral distribution, and involvement of upper and middle lobes compared with non-COVID viral pneumonia Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-020-07018-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.