Pattern Of Destruction Research Articles

MRI Evaluation of Soft Tissue Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of Extremities.

The current study aimed to evaluate the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of extremity soft tissue tumors and tumor-like abnormalities. This prospective observational study of 71 patients with soft tissue lesionsof extremities was conducted at a tertiary hospital and teaching center in western India after obtaining Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC) clearance. All patients underwent an MRI of the region of interest on Siemens Magnetom Vida 3 Tesla MRI (Erlangen, Germany). MRI findings and diagnosis were correlated clinically and with histopathological examination. A total of 71 patients (49 males and 22 females) in the age group of six to 90 years were included in our study. Out of 44 patients with soft tissue tumors, the most common lesion was neurofibroma (18.1%), followed by lipoma and undifferentiatedsarcoma (9.1% each). Liposarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, giant cell tumor of the tendon, pigmented villonodular synovitis, and schwannoma were seen in 4.5% of patients each. The soft tissue tumor-like lesions were seen in 27 (38%) patients, the most common being slow-flow vascular malformation, which was seen in 9/27 (33%) patients. The second most common pathology was actinomycosis, seen in four (14.8%) patients. Out of 44 patients with soft tissue tumors, 27 (61.4%) were benign and 17 (38.6%) were malignant.Tumor size of more than 5 cm was more commonly seen in malignant tumors (70.5%) than benign tumors (40.7%). The smooth margin was more common in benign tumors (70.3), while most malignant tumors (70.5%) had irregular or lobulated margins.Heterogenous enhancement was more common in malignant tumors (82.3%) than benign tumors (62.9). The odds of a benign histopathological diagnosis for a tumor suspected to be benign by MRI were 93.75 times higher than the odds of a benign histopathological diagnosis for a tumor suspected to be malignant by MRI. MRI is extremely useful in the evaluation of different soft tissue masses and helps in evaluating the characteristics of the masses, their extent and relationship to surrounding structures, and bone destruction, multiplicity, composition, and enhancement pattern. The systematic imaging analysis approach helps to differentiate a benign lesion from a malignant lesion and also in differentiating various soft tissue tumor mimics.

Approaches to stabilization of heat-resistant polymers by the example of polyphenylene sulfi de and polymer composite materials based on it

The article analyzes the general patterns of thermooxidative destruction of heat-resistant polymers in the temperature-time interval of processing and operation of polymer composite materials based on them and suggests optimal approaches to their stabilization.

Динамика гибели лесной растительности в районе добычи полезных ископаемых на месторождениях северного медно-цинкового рудника в Свердловской области

The study represents spatial and temporal analysis of the consequences of water pollution leading to vegetation destruction, caused by uncontrolled underspoil drain from a copper mine in the north of the Sverdlovsk region, based on GIS methods and satellite remote sensing data. Based on a 1:25 000 topography map DEM with filled sinks we built a flow accumulation model a watershed map. Examining the satellite imagery of the area dated from 2009 to 2023 we have noticed a distinct pattern of the vegetation destruction along the riverbeds located in the affected watersheds. Our ground observations and drone images have confirmed that the dead forest plots are located in the areas of flow accumulation, in the terrain depressions. The total area of forests affected by the uncontrolled underspoil drain from the copper mine gradually grows and has reaches 1140 ha.

Study on damage effect of caisson wharves subjected to underwater explosion

This study aimed at investigating the destructive effect of explosion shock waves on caisson wharves in shallow water. First, underwater explosion tests were conducted on caisson wharves, full-size finite-element models of caisson wharf-water-explosive were established, and the accuracy of the models was verified by comparison. The destruction pattern and damage characteristics of the caisson wharf structure were then studied, and the effects of different explosion depths and different explosive quantities on the dynamic response of caisson wharves were analyzed. The results show that the destruction pattern of shock waves on the caisson wharf is manifested as plastic damage at the joint of the reinforced concrete (RC) box wall, shear destruction at the lower edge of the explosion loading wall, and integral displacement of the superstructure. When the scaled distance remains unchanged and the explosion depth and explosive quantity increase, the bottom reflection effect strengthens, turning the bending damage on the explosion loading wall into shear damage. By strengthening the performance of the RC box wall joints, explosion loading wall, and superstructure joints, and taking measures to reduce the reflection effect, the anti-explosion capacity of caisson wharves can be effectively improved.

Piezoelectric Patches for Deflection Control of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composite Plates

In the present work, a smart structure is being investigated, where a functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) plate is equipped with piezoelectric actuators to provide vibration control. Due to their high mechanical properties coupled with lightweight, FG-CNTRCs are mainly used in the aerospace industry and in advanced engineering applications. The CNTs have a linear and non-linear distribution along the thickness of the plate and are distributed according to five configurations, namely: UD, FG-X, FG-O, FG-A and FG-V. The first order shear deformation (FOSD) theory is considered in the formulation of a 9-node quadratic finite element with 5 degrees-of-freedom per node, and an additional degree of freedom is provided for the piezoelectric layer. The model developed in this study assesses the free vibration behavior and controls the nanocomposite plate deflection through the electromechanical coupling factor piezoelectric. In addition, it investigates: (i) the effect of the plate configuration, (ii) the CNT volume fraction, (iii) the CNT destruction patterns, (iv) the linear and nonlinear distribution of CNTs, (v) the number of CNTRC ply, (vi) the boundary conditions and (vii) the dimensions with different locations of actuators. The results obtained show the first natural frequencies for all configurations, which are considered to be in good agreement with those available in the literature and illustrate that the effective stiffness of the nanocomposite plates can be improved further when the reinforcement is dispersed according to the FG-X pattern. In addition, for the case of the deflection control analysis, results indicate that the distributed piezoelectric layers (actuators) attenuate the deflection of the CNTRC to the desired tolerance. It is noted that patches with partial coverage compared to the case of total coverage of piezoelectric layers require more electrical power to reach the same level of attenuation. The developed numerical model is intended to be used in a variety of potential advanced engineering applications.

Symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and anger in children with ADHD

With the research reported on here we sought to determine whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) displayed more symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD) and anger, which are categorised as externalising disorders, when contrasted to the control group and, also, whether gender and age impacted these ADHD comorbidities. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that presents before the age of 12 years according to which an individual displays a recurrent pattern of extreme inattentiveness, overactivity, and impulsiveness that inhibits performance, and is not age-appropriate. ODD is defined as a psychological syndrome characterised by disruptive behaviour, a pattern of anger and irritability, confrontational, and spiteful behaviour. CD is a psychological and behavioural syndrome characterised by difficulties with following rules, recurrent patterns of hostility, destruction, and dishonesty. Anger is a frequent reaction (contrasted to ordinary irritable mood), intense and long-lasting defensive or retaliatory response to perceived provocation or threat, which interferes with normal functioning. Both teacher and parent ratings on the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Scale, and self-report on the Anger Inventory of the Beck Youth Inventories were employed in this investigation. The sample (n = 216) consisted of 216 school children aged 6 to 15 years that were divided into an ADHD group and a matched control group without ADHD (50 boys and 58 girls in each group). The results indicate that children with ADHD displayed notably elevated symptoms of ODD, CD and anger. The externalising disorders are more pronounced in boys with ADHD than in girls. Age had no effect on the results. We recommend that externalising comorbidities should be the target of early interventions. Our findings contribute to the debate about how best to conceptualise ADHD regarding related behavioural and emotional disturbances, and the treatment thereof. Since these symptoms occur during childhood and progress to adolescence, early identification and management may improve the livelihood of those affected.

Asociación entre las características radiográficas y los tumores óseos de rodilla.

Bone neoplasms require an adequate clinical-radiographic evaluation for their diagnosis. Plain radiographs are the usual method to establish the diagnosis and evaluate differential diagnoses in the study of bone tumor pathology. To recognize the frequency of radiographic characteristics and associate them with bone tumor pathology. Radiographic data were collected from 132 patients with tumor pathology confirmed by biopsy from bone tumors service of the Traumatology and Orthopedics Hospital Unidades Médicas de Alta Especialidad Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narváez, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, during 2019. 132 patients were registered. The most frequent benign tumor was osteochondroma (27.3%), and malignant was osteosarcoma (9.8%). Active lytic lesions (odds ratio [OR]: 6.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.83-16.85) or aggressive (OR: 26.85; 95% CI: 3.21-224) were associated with giant cells tumors. Poorly differentiated intraosseous blast lesions of bone lineage (OR: 36.15; 95% CI: 4.4-295.5) were associated with osteosarcoma. The periosteal reaction (OR: 36.15; 95% CI: 4.4-295.5), the moth-eaten or permeative pattern (OR: 11.75; 95% CI: 1.26-109) and the central location of the lesion (OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.37-6.69) were associated with malignant tumor lesions. Poorly defined intraosseous blast lesions of bone lineage, periosteal reaction, and moth-eaten or permeative pattern of destruction are associated with malignant lesions.

Bacterial degradation kinetics of poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) film by Aquabacterium sp. CY2-9 isolated from plastic-contaminated landfill

Despite the identification of numerous bioplastic-degrading bacteria, the inconsistent rate of bioplastic degradation under differing cultivation conditions limits the intercomparison of results on biodegradation kinetics. In this study, we isolated a poly (Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL)-degrading bacterium from a plastic-contaminated landfill and determined the principle-based biodegradation kinetics in a confined model system of varying cultivation conditions. Bacterial degradation of PCL films synthesized by different polymer number average molecular weights (Mn) and concentrations (% w/v) was investigated using both solid and liquid media at various temperatures. As a result, the most active gram-negative bacterial strain at ambient temperature (28 °C), designated CY2-9, was identified as Aquabacterium sp. Based on 16 S rRNA gene analysis. A clear zone around the bacterial colony was apparently exhibited during solid cultivation, and the diameter sizes increased with incubation time. During biodegradation processes in the PCL film, the thermal stability declined (determined by TGA; weight changes at critical temperature), whereas the crystalline proportion increased (determined by DSC; phase transition with temperature increment), implying preferential degradation of the amorphous region in the polymer structure. The surface morphologies (determined by SEM; electron optical system) were gradually hydrolyzed, creating destruction patterns as well as alterations in functional groups on film surfaces (determined by FT-IR; infrared spectrum of absorption or emission). In the kinetic study based on the weight loss of the PCL film (4.5 × 104 Da, 1% w/v), ∼1.5 (>±0.1) × 10−1 day−1 was obtained from linear regression for both solid and liquid media cultivation at 28 °C. The biodegradation efficiencies increased proportionally by a factor of 2.6–7.9, depending on the lower polymer number average molecular weight and lower concentration. Overall, our results are useful for measuring and/or predicting the degradation rates of PCL films by microorganisms in natural environments.

A method for evaluating population and infrastructure exposed to natural hazards: tests and results for two recent Tonga tsunamis

BackgroundCoastal communities are highly exposed to ocean- and -related hazards but often lack an accurate population and infrastructure database. On January 15, 2022 and for many days thereafter, the Kingdom of Tonga was cut off from the rest of the world by a destructive tsunami associated with the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption. This situation was made worse by COVID-19-related lockdowns and no precise idea of the magnitude and pattern of destruction incurred, confirming Tonga’s position as second out of 172 countries ranked by the World Risk Index 2018. The occurrence of such events in remote island communities highlights the need for (1) precisely knowing the distribution of buildings, and (2) evaluating what proportion of those would be vulnerable to a tsunami.Methods and ResultsA GIS-based dasymetric mapping method, previously tested in New Caledonia for assessing and calibrating population distribution at high resolution, is improved and implemented in less than a day to jointly map population clusters and critical elevation contours based on runup scenarios, and is tested against destruction patterns independently recorded in Tonga after the two recent tsunamis of 2009 and 2022. Results show that ~ 62% of the population of Tonga lives in well-defined clusters between sea level and the 15 m elevation contour. The patterns of vulnerability thus obtained for each island of the archipelago allow exposure and potential for cumulative damage to be ranked as a function of tsunami magnitude and source area.ConclusionsBy relying on low-cost tools and incomplete datasets for rapid implementation in the context of natural disasters, this approach works for all types of natural hazards, is easily transferable to other insular settings, can assist in guiding emergency rescue targets, and can help to elaborate future land-use planning priorities for disaster risk reduction purposes.

Zero Echo Time vs. T1-Weighted MRI for Assessment of Cortical and Medullary Bone Morphology Abnormalities Using CT as the Reference Standard.

Conventional MR pulse sequences result in poor signal from low T2 cortical bone because the minimum achievable echo time is limited. A sequence resulting in improved bone contrast is desirable. To evaluate the image quality and diagnostic performance of grayscale inversion zero echo time imaging (GI-ZTE) and grayscale inversion T1-weighted imaging (GI-T1WI) compared with computed tomography (CT). Prospective. A total of 50 patients with musculoskeletal tumors or tumor-like diseases of the lower extremities having MRI and CT studies. GI-T1WI and GI-ZTE sequences at 1.5T. Assessed cortical and medullary bone morphology abnormalities using CT as the reference standard. Three radiologists scored the images quality and recorded nine metrics to assess the diagnostic performance. Differences in image quality were calculated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyze the agreement of quantitative lesion parameters between CT and MR sequences, as well as the interobserver reliability. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Image quality score was significantly higher for CT images than GI-TIWI images. Except for radiologist 3 [4(0) vs 4 (1)], there was no significant difference in scores between CT and GI-ZTE [radiologist 1: 4 (0) vs 4 (0), P=0.133; radiologist 2: 4 (0) vs 4 (0), P=0.085]. There was good-excellent agreement between both MR sequences and CT for size, lesion number, location, sclerotic rim, expanded shell, destruction pattern, and matrix mineralization for all radiologists (ICC: 0.636-1.000). The consistency of periosteal reaction and penetration of the cortex was fair to good (0.481-0.729) between GI-T1WI and CT and good to excellent between GI-ZTE and CT (0.682-0.852). GI-ZTE images had superior intermodality agreement with CT images and allowed visualization of more cortical bone detail than GI-T1WI images. 1. Stage 2.

Chemical Recycling of High-Molecular-Weight Organosilicon Compounds in Supercritical Fluids.

The main known patterns of thermal and/or catalytic destruction of high-molecular-weight organosilicon compounds are considered from the viewpoint of the prospects for processing their wastes. The advantages of using supercritical fluids in plastic recycling are outlined. They are related to a high diffusion rate, efficient extraction of degradation products, the dependence of solvent properties on pressure and temperature, etc. A promising area for further research is described concerning the application of supercritical fluids for processing the wastes of organosilicon macromolecular compounds.

Surface Cracking and Fractal Characteristics of Cement Paste after Exposure to High Temperatures

Destruction pattern analysis of building materials subjected to fire provide the basis for strengthening, restoring the bearing capacity, and optimizing the function of the building structure. The surface cracking and fractal characteristics of calcium carbonate whisker-reinforced cement pastes subjected to high temperatures were studied herein. The test results showed that at 400 °C, the surface crack area, length, and fractal dimension of cement pastes specimen increases from 0 to 35 mm2, 100 mm, and 1.0, respectively, due to the increase of vapor pressure. When the temperature is above 900 °C, the calcium carbonate whisker (CW) and other hydration products in the specimen begin to decompose, causing the surface crack area, length, and fractal dimension of the cement paste specimen to increase from 0 to 120 mm2, 310 mm, and 1.2, respectively. Compared with the length and width of cracks, the area, and fractal dimension of cracks are less affected by the size and shape of specimen. This paper uses image processing methods to analyze the cracking patterns and fractal characteristics of specimens after high-temperature treatment. The aim is to elucidate the quantitative relationship between concrete material, temperature, and cracking characteristics, providing theoretical basis for structural evaluation after exposure to high temperature.

Simulation of Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Column with Variation of Stirrups Using Finite Element Method Analysis

Shear failure of column causes the column to have shear reinforcement that cannot withstand shear forces so that it loses of lateral strength quickly. This research aims to see the effect of the configuration with the addition of shear reinforcement in the direction and perpendicular to the direction of the shear force on the capacity of reinforced concrete columns that are loaded with axial and lateral loads. The test was carried out by providing a constant axial load (0.3 P0) followed by a shear load until the test object failed. The numerical analysis was carried out using software based on the finite element method, namely ATENA Version 5 and GID Version 13.0.1 developed by Cervenka Consulting. This study used reinforced concrete with three variables of shear reinforcement. It can be the normal columns without stirrup reinforcement (S0P2), the addition three (3) stirrups in the direction of the shear reinforcement (S4P2) and the addition of two (2) stirrups in the direction of the shear reinforcement and one (1) stirrups perpendicular to the shear reinforcement (S5P2). After the numerical analysis is carried out, the results are verifies using experimental testing. The numerical analysis and experimental results give the load and deflection relationship results that are almost close. Therefore, the difference in shear loads compared to the experiments results and numerical analysis on columns S0P2, S4P2, and S5P2 is 0.11%, 3.95% and 1.16%, respectively, with a deflection ratio of 4.72%, 37.80% and 9.44%. The pattern of column destruction in the numerical model resembles the destruction pattern of the experimental results, both of which indicate that the column has shear cracks.

Calculation Model for Estimation of Residual Bearing Capacity of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Slender Columns

This work is devoted to the study of the influences of various parameters on the bearing capacities of compressed reinforced concrete columns of varying flexibilities damaged during operation. Experimental tests of pilot samples were carried out, and results were analyzed on the basis of which it was established that significant longitudinal bending was observed in the direction of the x-axis. By analyzing the influences of the angle and depth of damage on the behavior and nature of the destruction in the experimental samples, three main destruction patterns were identified. An analysis of the experimental and statistical models showed that the greatest influences on the bearing capacity of the samples were the depth of the damage and the angle of the cut, and the effect of the height of the samples was virtually negligible. A model of calculation for the residual bearing capacities of compressed damaged reinforced concrete elements of different flexibilities was developed. The results of the comparison testify to the good coincidence of the theoretical values with the values obtained from the actual experiment (the difference of an average of no more than 29.8%), indicating that the proposed method can be applied in building practice.

Factors Affecting the Success of Endodontic Microsurgery: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to verify preoperative local parameters of periapical lesions evaluated on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans as a potential prognostic factor in endodontic microsurgery (EMS). Among 89 cases, local factors (dimensions of lesion, bone destruction pattern, presence/absence of cortical bone destruction, height of buccal bone plate, apical extend of root canal filling, presence/absence of communication with anatomical cavities, type of lesion restriction) were measured on preoperative CBCT images before EMS. At least one year after surgery, the outcome of EMS was classified as a success or a failure. Ten cases (11.24%) were classified as a failure and 79 as a success (88.76%). Symptomatic lesions (OR = 0.088 (95% CI 0.011–0.731); p = 0.024), apicomarginal lesions (OR = 0.092 (0.021–0.402); p = 0.001) and an association with molar teeth (OR = 0.153 (0.032–0.732); p = 0.019) were found as negative predictive factors in the univariate analysis, whereas large apicocoronal dimension (OR = 0.664 (0.477–0.926); p = 0.016), apicomarginal lesions (OR = 0.058 (0.006–0.55); p = 0.013), and an association with molar teeth (OR = 0.047 (0.003–0.869); p = 0.04) were identified as negative predictive factors in the multivariate analysis model. Symptomatic lesions, apicomarginal lesions, lesions associated with molar teeth and large apicocoronal dimensions are significantly associated with the failure of EMS.

Technological paradigms, labour creation and destruction in a multi-sector agent-based model

This paper presents an agent-based model (ABM) of endogenous arrival of technological paradigms and new sectors entailing different patterns of labour creation and destruction, as well as of consumption dynamics. The model, building on the labour-augmented K+S ABM, addresses the long-term patterns of labour demand emerging from heterogeneous forms of technical change. It provides a multi-level, integrated perspective on so called scenarios of the future of work, currently often restricted or to firm-level or to short-time sectoral analyses, and studies the conditions under which labour creation and destruction tend to balance. It is a relatively fair and stable distribution of income granted by a Fordist-type of regulation of the labour market that guarantees that the model never reaches stages of persistent technological unemployment. On the contrary, a systematic mismatch between production and consumption spheres emerges out of a Competitive (post-Fordist) wage-labour nexus, wherein the labour shedding effect of process innovation tends to prevail over the labour creating effect of product innovation.

Role of radiological modalities in bone tumors &amp; tumor mimics

Imaging bone tumors causes uncertainty,especially outside dedicated sarcoma treatment centres. Conventional radiographs remains the backbone of bone tumor diagnostics, but MR imaging has a role.Radiographs are crucial for assessing tumor matrix and aggressiveness. MR imaging is the best modality for local staging. This article reviews semiological aspects of bone tumors: patient age, tumor localization,pattern of bone destruction,periosteal reaction.

Per-operative evaluation of destructive pattern of COVID associated rhinocerebral mucormycosis

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; The rapid global spread of Coronavirus disease led to declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11,2020. Secondary infections are reportedly common in hospitalized, severely ill COVID-19 patients, encompassing between 10 and 30% of cases, fungal being 10 times more common. Mucormycosis is amongst the most fulminant form of zygomycosis caused by mucorales species of the phylum zygomycota and currently referred as COVID associated mucormycosis (CAM). The aim of this study is to evaluate the extend and pattern of destruction in nose, paranasal sinus and orbit found during the surgical debridement of post COVID hyperglycemic patients of mucormycosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This prospective observational study was done on a random sample of 86 patients who came to ENT OPD of a tertiary care centre of middle India with clinical, radiological or histological findings suggestive of CAM. These patients underwent aggressive surgical debridement followed by antifungals and strict control of diabetic mellitus. The extend and pattern of destruction caused by CAM in nose, paranasal sinus and orbit noticed peroperatively were analysed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Out of the 86 patients who got operated, there are 62 males and 24 females patients aged from 28 to 86 years. The left side was involved in 41 patients, and the right side in 66 patients. Among the nasal involvement, middle turbinate (56) was maximally involved followed by inferior turbinate (52), superior turbinate (1), septum (17) with posterior septum mostly involved, floor of nose was involved in (4) patients. The orbit was involved in 28 cases in which lamina papyracea was eroded in all cases followed by inferior orbital wall, orbital muscles, optic nerve. Cribriform plate was eroded in 3 patients. The overall extent of involvement of mucormycosis is as follows maxilla (86), ethmoid (71), frontal (29), sphenoid (30), septum (17), orbit (28), alveolus (5), palate (10), intracranial (9), subcutaneous phycomycosis (10).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Management of CAM is really challenging which needs a multidisciplinary approach that includes aggressive surgical debridement, aggressive medical therapy with Amphotericin B and correction of the predisposing factors primarily diabetics mellitus&lt;/p&gt;

Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence

Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence

Imaging in Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients - A Retrospective Study

Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis ROCM was an emerging threat among patients with Covid-19 during the pandemic year of 2021. Diagnosis of the disease in its early phase was crucial. A study was carried out to evaluate the role of CT and MRI in diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis and to assess the outcome of the disease. The characteristic imaging findings helped in accurately diagnosing the disease. Some of the key diagnostic findings were involvement of the periantral fat favouring angioinvasive disease and empty turbinate sign correlating pathologically with fungal hyphae. Tiny focal air lucencies within the permeative pattern of bone destruction was exclusively seen in fungal osteomyeltits. Another important feature of the disease seen in our study was ldquopseudo empty sinus signrdquo from mild enlargementwidening of predominantly the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses due to filling of the sinuses with fungal hyphae. The affected sinuses exhibited signal voidhypointense signal on T2 subtle iso-intense signal on T1 with mild patchy enhancement on the post-contrast study.