Patterns Of Daily Life Research Articles

Getting Old with a Good Life: Research on the Everyday Life Patterns of Active Older People

In 2030, 22% of Hong Kong’s total population will be aged 60 or older. Unfortunately, the Hong Kong Government still views ageing within the context of ‘disengagement theory’, and discussions of ‘Active Ageing’ remain scarce in Hong Kong. In order to define and advocate Active Ageing in our local context, and to urge the Government to plan comprehensively for the ageing society, we conducted a research (from 2007 to 2009) on the life patterns of active older people. Our objectives were to discover: (1) how active older people organized their everyday lives; and (2) how the urban environment enabled older people to maintain a quality lifestyle. Invited to semi-structured interviews, 50 informants had responded to a set of questions about their everyday life patterns. They also commented freely on the quality of their lives and the city’s degree of age-friendliness. We tried to categorize and analyze the daily life patterns of our informants according to the themes established by the Quality of Life model established by Gabriel and Bowling Ageing and Society, 24(5), 675–691 (2004) and that of Raphael et al. Health & Place, 7, 179–196. (2001). With the findings, we construct a schematic summary of ‘Active Ageing’ for the local context. We conclude that older people, when in good health and possessing sufficient resources, strive for a quality life filled with possibilities. Our research aims to help enact a ‘paradigm shift’ that goes beyond the disengagement theory, while establishing a context planning for the coming of the ageing society in Hong Kong.

Review: Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540–1640 by Mark Girouard

Book Review| June 01 2011 Review: Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540–1640 by Mark Girouard Mark GirouardElizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540–1640. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2009, 530pp., 338 color and 226 b/w illus. $65, ISBN9780300093865 Kimberley Skelton Kimberley Skelton Milford, Conn. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (2011) 70 (2): 252–253. https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.2.252 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Kimberley Skelton; Review: Elizabethan Architecture: Its Rise and Fall, 1540–1640 by Mark Girouard. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 June 2011; 70 (2): 252–253. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.2.252 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search “Strangeness” (xii), “capricious,” “dreadful shock,” “transformation,” “startling assembly of incongruities”: theorists and scholars from the early nineteenth-century John Soane to, more recently, Mark Girouard have found themselves oddly perplexed as they examine Elizabethan architecture.1 It is a world, a society, and a set of ideas difficult to pin down, never stationary—“transforming” at a “capricious” and unpredictable whim. A building might seem an easily comprehensible block, yet suddenly a ray of sun reflects blindingly off a large window and repulses the viewer's eye. Symmetry might suggest regularly organized living spaces and so comprehensible patterns of daily life, but building plans can be puzzling symbols into which interior rooms are then compressed. Physically and intellectually, Elizabethan buildings slip from the viewer's grasp. Nineteenth-century authors time and again sought to codify an Elizabethan style, yet they could at best say what it was not and suggest chronological limits.2 Twentieth-century scholars, in... You do not currently have access to this content.

J102044 高齢者の日常生活パターンの解析についての研究([J10204]ライフサポート(4))

Recently, elderly people living alone have been increased rapidly in Japan. Therefore, we have been developing an automatically tele-monitoring system for home appliance equipment's switching status. In this paper, we proposed the method of analyzing daily life status that uses the pattern recognition technique. In this technique, we assume a home appliance status as a pattern image; it can consider a correlation of home appliances usage, for example a correlation between `the usage television set' and 'the usage living light' that are in same room. As a result for four years monitoring in elderly person's home, the proposed method can distinguish the pattern of daily life from the pattern of non-daily life, effectively.

Time Use of Teen Mothers

Although programs exist to support teen parents, little is known about the daily life patterns of teen mothers. This study used a mixed methods approach to examine teen mothers' time allocations and occupational choices. The researchers interviewed and collected experiential time samples from nine teen mothers during a 3-week period. The teen mothers were their children's primary caregivers, had ages ranging from 14 to 20 years, and lived in a rural community. Findings indicated that the teens spent the majority of their time engaged in instrumental activities of daily living that involved caring for their children because of feelings of obligation, performed most of their occupations at home, and spent more time engaged in passive than active leisure occupations. This study has implications for occupational therapy related to teen parenting programs.

Ambulatory Assessment

Ambulatory Assessment

S1601-2-1 腕の動き計測を用いた行動判別手法の高精度化(生物医学工学における計測と制御(2))

Recently developed classification schemes of human activities deal with dynamic activities and therefore are not adequate to classify static activities such as eating and sitting, which are necessary to monitor an entire daily life pattern. In this paper, we propose a classification method of human activities that can be applied to both static and dynamic activities. Usually tri-axial accelerometer data is used to classify human activities, but sitting position and standing position could not be classified clearly by only accelerometer. We use tri-axial angular velocity data in addition to accelerometer data, for the classification of static activities. We found that the choice of the part of human body onto which the motion sensors were placed has an effect on the classification performance, the wrist being the best position to improve classification accuracy of static activities. Our classification scheme uses the k-nearest neighbors algorithm on selected features extracted from tri-axial accelerometer data and tri-axial angular velocity data.

熊本県における幼稚園給食の実態と幼児の食生活及び保護者の食意識に関する調査研究

Children's development is affected by food habits, which are influenced by guardians' dietary awareness. We conducted a nutritional survey using a questionnaire about school meal system and guardians' knowledge of children's food and health in 41 public and 115 private kindergartens in Kumamoto prefecture. We also surveyed lunch programs at 9 kindergartens. There were 4 groups of lunch programs, as follows: (1) Taking one's own lunch box and drinking milk provided by kindergarten, (2) Providing lunch from public school lunch center, (3) Providing lunch prepared by kindergarten and (4) Providing lunch through a catering service. There was no nutritional management system in kindergarten, using (1), (3) or (4). We observe that there were significant differences in the contents of breakfast and snack among the 4 groups and that suppertime was also significantly different among the groups. Looking at the contents of breakfast, intake of sweet rolls was [significantly] high in (4). In (4), also, suppertime was significantly later than in the other three groups. These results indicated that the eating habits of children were influenced by the daily life patterns of their families. Only the meal contents of group (2) were managed by a school dietician. Dietary awareness of the guardians of group (2) was relatively high, and it seemed that their meal contents were appropriate.

Exposure to Situations Conducive to Delinquent Behavior

Multilevel cross-sectional data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to test predictions based on Osgood and colleagues' extension of routine activity theory to individual offending. Specifically, the authors examined the associations between delinquent behavior and three variables hypothesized to increase exposure to situations conducive to such behavior: unstructured socializing (time use), income, and private transportation. Findings are generally supportive, showing that differences in individual offending among youth reflect varying degrees of criminal opportunities associated with diverse daily life patterns and routines.

児童・生徒の生活リズムと家庭生活・学校生活

児童・生徒の生活リズムと家庭生活・学校生活

Revealing the Hidden Spatial Dimensions of Place Experience in Primary School-age Children

The everyday local environment of incidental spaces routinely encountered by children is an important contributor to their social development and general health and well-being. There remains, however, a significant loss of connection between children and outdoor settings and this is increasingly raised as an issue that may have long-term implications. It is now recognised as important that the voices of children should play a pivotal role in the arrangement and content of their spatial realm and that achieving this will require new ways to understand children's perceptions of place and how this contributes to individual and social development. This paper outlines UK-based doctoral research to develop a range of participatory tools to facilitate exploration and analysis of the spatial experiences of primary school-age children with particular reference to their perceptions of the outdoor places they encounter in their daily life patterns.

The impact of momentary pain and fatigue on physical activity in women with osteoarthritis

To examine the daily life patterns of both pain and fatigue symptoms and objective physical activity (using ambulatory monitoring) in women with symptomatic lower extremity osteoarthritis (OA), and to evaluate how momentary symptoms impact physical activity levels. Sixty women age >or=55 years (40 with knee or hip OA and 20 matched controls) participated in an observational study involving 2 laboratory visits and a 5-day home data collection period. During the home period physical activity levels were assessed continuously, and symptoms were inputted 6 times a day into an enhanced accelerometer at prespecified time points. In the OA group as compared with the control group over the 5-day period, average physical activity was significantly lower (P = 0.02) and peak physical activity tended to be lower (P = 0.06). Although pain and fatigue overall were of moderate severity in this cohort, fatigue escalated throughout each day. In a hierarchical linear model, fatigue was most strongly associated with physical activity (beta = -30.1, P < 0.0001). Pain was more weakly associated with physical activity and in the direction opposite to what was hypothesized (beta = 16.9, P = 0.04). Momentary reports of fatigue negatively predicted physical activity levels and were much more strongly related to physical activity than momentary pain. In order to help women with knee or hip OA manage symptoms and become more physically active, it may be important to emphasize fatigue management.

Contextual Approaches to Human Security

During the last decade, human security has made its way into policy discourses. According to the UNDP's widely acknowledged approach, the term implies, on the one hand, safety from chronic threats such as hunger, disease, and repression and, on the other, protection from sudden and harmful disruptions in the patterns of daily life whether in homes, jobs, or communities.1 Human security denotes a multidimensional and holistic approach to security that is based on the conviction that problems such as human rights, development, and insecurity in conflict zones are strongly interrelated. The term is also characterized by its universalism as it reflects

Attitudes Towards Gender Roles and Gender Role Behaviour Among Urban, Rural, and Farm Populations in Slovenia

This paper aims to contribute to still existing discussion about the origins of the unequal gender roles in society. Albeit significant changes in redefinition of the gender roles under the impact of economic and cultural globalisation the unequal position of women in private and public spheres still persists even in societies with the most developed economies and welfare systems. The basic argument followed in the study is that working arrangements women choose are not simply in accordance with their preferences and attitudes, but a result of complex interplay of attitudes and practical constrains embodied in contextual factors. The result of the study based on the Second European Comparative Survey on the Acceptance of Population-related Policies (PPA2) for Slovenia support that argument by showing that certain contexts (type of place of residence and the way of making a living - like farming) still significantly delineate women lives. In spite of common national specifics (long tradition of high women’s employment, favourable gender equality legislation and availability of institutions and services for working mothers) and relatively similar attitudes towards gender roles among the population, farm women in Slovenia considerably diverge in their daily life patterns (e.g. taking care of children) and preferences to combine family and working life from urban and even rural women and in general from men as well. Based on such results, reflected by ample gender rural studies’ evidences, it can be argued, that not simply natural predispositions affect farm women’s occupational choices, but

Daily life, not markets: customer-centered design

Purpose – As companies try to gain a deeper understanding of consumers, they are increasingly turning to user-observation and ethnographic processes. However, because of this work is normally done in an informal manner, it tends to only have value for the small number of team members working on a particular project. This paper seeks to describe a method that is much more structured than normal processes, allowing companies to conduct observational research that is able to be large scale and reused. Design/methodology/approach – Ethnographic studies are not only heuristic in nature, usually requiring the research team to develop frameworks and descriptions that are idiosyncratic to a particular project. This makes comparing data from different studies and doing large-scale projects impractical. This paper describes a set of common frameworks and a research protocol that provides standards that are relevant across projects and teams. Findings – Descriptions of projects using this process show that it leads to the identification of new concepts for fulfilling user needs even before users ask for them. Furthermore, the concepts often point to surprising opportunities, not just incremental improvements on current offerings. Practical implications – For companies who conduct observational research, this method enables them to go beyond small-scale ad hoc projects and develop standards that enable the research to be reused and conducted at a large scale. Originality and value – Prior to this work, attempts at developing standard frameworks for ethnography have used concepts from anthropology. Family structure, belief systems, and the nature of work are examples of terms used to categorize data. This new method uses terms that are more relevant to companies trying to create innovations. Examples include items that companies can make to create new value for their customers: objects, environments, messages and services. By creating a more structured protocol with more practical dimensions to describe patterns of daily life, this work provides a basis for innovation in companies.

Hydropolitics, Ecocide and Human Security in Lesotho: A Case Study of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project*

The Lesotho Highlands Water Project is a bi-national collaboration between Lesotho and South Africa. One of the most comprehensive water projects in the world it aims to harness the water resources of Lesotho to the mutual benefit of both states. Once completed, about 2,200 million cubic metres per annum of water will be transferred from Lesotho to the South African network. In return, Lesotho will benefit in terms of ancillary developments and, in particular, revenue from royalties. However, due to hydropolitics, the Project has impacted negatively upon human security in Lesotho. This article examines the relationship of hydropolitics, ecocide and human security, with reference to the Project. It argues that due to the hydro-strategic interests of the political elite of both countries, co-operation exists between them over the Project. These strategic interests, however, outweigh social and environmental considerations in Lesotho, thereby constituting a threat to human security. The construction of the Project has resulted in ecocide and, as such, it has adverse environmental and social effects. It has contributed to chronic threats, while at the same time disrupting the patterns of daily life of the affected communities. Most of the displaced are no longer able to enjoy their human security as they did prior to the construction of the Project.

Valuing methadone takeaway doses: The contribution of service-user perspectives to policy and practice

Unlike health policy in the United Kingdom, Australian health policy does not provide a strong endorsement for the involvement of service users in the design, delivery and evaluation of drug treatment services. There has been no research into service-users’ views on the contentious issue of methadone takeaway doses. This study explores the value of takeaway doses from service-users’ perspectives and highlights the contributions that service-user involvement can make to further drug treatment planning, delivery and evaluation. Twenty-five methadone clients were interviewed about the value of methadone takeaway doses. Benefits cited by participants included convenience, less travel and lower costs, protection of confidentiality and less restriction on employment as well as less tangible issues related to feelings of ‘normality’ and flexibility in daily life patterns. Feeling trusted as a methadone client was also an important result of accessing takeaway doses. The inclusion of service-user perspectives is important for ensuring that services are not wrongly targeted and that evaluations of those services do not underestimate or misrepresent their value to clients. This is particularly important in policy around illicit drug use where public and political opinion is often a key driver in decision making.

An urban-wide real-time monitoring system : the Real Time Rome project

In today's world, wireless mobile communications devices are creating new dimensions of interconnectedness between people, places, and urban infrastructure. This ubiquitous connectivity within the environment can be observed and interpreted in real-time through aggregate records collected from communication and transportation networks. The real-time acquisition can regard traces of information and communication networks, movement patterns of people and transportation systems, spatial and social usage of streets and neighbourhoods. This paper reports on the Rea ! Time Rome project, exhibited at the 10th International Architecture Exhibition in Venice, Italy. The Real Time Rome project is the first example of an urban-wide real-time monitoring system that collects and processes data provided by telecommunications networks and transportation systems in order to understand patterns of daily life in Rome. Observing the real-time city becomes a means to understanding the present and anticipating the future urban environment.

Association between sense of coherence and heart rate variability in healthy subjects

This report investigates whether there is any association between sense of coherence (SOC), as a coping measure in confronting stressful conditions, and heart rate variability (HRV), as a measure of the cardiac autonomic nervous system during the daily life pattern. Sixteen healthy university students (14 males and 2 females) filled in the validated Japanese version of the SOC-13 questionnaire before being informed about the study protocol. For each participant, we calculated 5-minute HRV indices using logarithmically transformed data on frequency domains for HRV derived by 24-hour Holter monitoring. Frequency domains for HRV recordings were investigated for the 24-hour time periods. The correlation coefficient between the SOC scores and the high frequency power of HRV (0.15-0.40) was positively significant during the resting sitting position (r≥0.60, P<0.05). After grouping SOC scores by the median, the high frequency domain of HRV was higher in high SOC subjects for most of the 24-hour time period. A higher SOC could modulate the parasympathetic tone of cardiac autonomic activity, especially during the resting sitting position.

Examining large-scale time-use files through graphic representation

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of graphic means to add to the comprehension of time-use analysis. The paper traces the development of several graphic approaches, from the logic of plotting a single case in multidimensional space to several ways of examining time-use dynamics graphically without limitations on sample size. It draws on pilot studies from the FAMITEL research project on telecommuting and extends to Statistics Canada’s General Social Survey in 1998 with time-use data (GSS12). The examples of graphic development focus on aspects of the daily lives of teleworkers, to illustrate in this context how graphic representation can illuminate much-discussed differences between the complex pattern of daily life characterizing of these workers in comparison to conventional workers, regardless of the size of samples and subsamples. The graphic techniques discussed advance understanding of these phenomena by presenting visual evidence of differential patterns reflecting the interrelations between the several components of time-use as well as reflecting the different times in the day in which phenomena occur, within and between analytic subgroups. As in many other analyses, gender can be literally seen in the graphics as an important differentiating factor, even within occupational situations.

French beans for the masses: a modern historical geography of food in Burkina Faso

Much of the literature on the modern history of food and diet in Africa focuses on material dearth and cultural loss, described in overarching terms such as ‘urbanization’ and ‘westernization’. Such generalizations do not capture the complexity of the dietary and culinary changes that have occurred there. This article shows how a geographic perspective enriches the historical analysis of food and foodways, by situating changing norms and practices in spatial and ecological contexts. It examines the twentieth-century history of food consumption in Burkina Faso, focusing on the region of Bobo-Dioulasso, the country's second largest city. It shows how the agricultural policies, dietary preferences, and health concerns of French colonials—all of which emphasized the need for fresh garden vegetables—helped to transform not just the regional diet but also the landscape and economy, and thus certain temporal and spatial patterns of daily life. The article also examines how, in recent history, Burkina Faso's incorporation into globalized markets and media networks has resulted in both unintended gluts of luxury food (French beans) as well as growing concerns about the safety and purity of everyday food.