Behavior Pattern Research Articles

Academic resilience of nursing students during COVID-19: An analysis using machine learning methods.

This cross-sectional study investigates the factors that contribute to academic resilience among nursing students during COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study. A survey was conducted in a general hospital between November and December 2022. The Nursing Student Academic Resilience Inventory (NSARI) model was used to assess the academic resilience of 96 nursing students. The Boruta method was then used to identify the core factors influencing overall academic resilience, and rough set analysis was used to analyse the behavioural patterns associated with these factors. Attributes were categorised into three importance levels. Three statistically significant attributes were identified ("I earn my patient's trust by making suitable communication," "I receive support from my instructors," and "I try to endure academic hardship") based on comparison with shadow attributes. The rough set analysis showed nine main behavioural patterns. Random forest, support vector machines, and backpropagation artificial neural networks were used to test the performance of the model, with accuracies ranging from 73.0% to 76.9%. Our results provide possible strategies for improving academic resilience and competence of nursing students.

Attentional processing in the rat dorsal posterior parietal cortex

The human posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is known to support sustained attention. Specifically, top-down attention is generally processed in dorsal regions while bottom-up regulation occurs more ventrally. In rodent models, however, it is still unclear whether the PPC is required for sustained attention, or whether there is a similar functional dissociation between anatomical regions. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the rodent dorsal PPC (dPPC) in sustained attention. We used the five-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) and compared rats with neurotoxic dPPC lesions to sham operated rats. We found that rats with dPPC lesions were less accurate and took longer to make correct choices, indicating impaired attention and reduced processing speed. This effect, however, was limited to the first few days of post-operative testing. After an apparent recovery, omissions became elevated in the lesion group, which, in the absence of reduced motivation and mobility, can also be interpreted as impaired attention. In subsequent challenge probes, the lesion group displayed globally elevated latency to make a correct response, indicating reduced processing speed. No differences in premature responses or perseverative responses were observed at any time, demonstrating that dPPC lesions did not affect impulsivity and compulsivity. This pattern of behavior suggests that while intact dPPC supports goal-driven (top-down) modulation of attention, it likely does not play a central role in processing stimulus-driven (bottom-up) attention. Furthermore, compensatory mechanisms can support sustained attention in the absence of a fully functioning dPPC, although this occurs at the expense of processing speed. Our results inform the literature by confirming that rodent PPC is involved in regulating sustained attention and providing preliminary evidence for a functional dissociation between top-down and bottom-up attentional processing.

Psychogenic non-epileptic (functional) seizures in adults with intellectual disability and epilepsy: A matched case-control study.

To describe the characteristics of psychogenic non-epileptic (functional) seizures (PNES) in adults with epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID) and to establish differences and risk factors regarding psychosocial functioning between individuals with and without PNES. Adults with ID and epilepsy living in epilepsy care facilities in The Netherlands were screened for PNES by a neurologist. A control group consisting of people with epilepsy and ID, without PNES, was matched according to age, sex, and level of ID. Objective data were retrieved retrospectively from clinical notes of the resident. Standardized questionnaires and tests, adjusted for people with ID, were obtained from participants and their nursing staff. Differences were analyzed using paired t tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, or McNemar's tests, appropriate for matched case-control studies. Conditional logistic regression identified PNES risk factors. Five hundred forty individuals were screened, of which 42 had PNES (point prevalence 7.8%). In total, 35 cases and 35 controls gave consent. Proxy reports indicated that PNES impacted daily life in 79% by adjusting the individual's schedule, and caused minor injuries in one-third. Those with PNES were mainly female (69%); had a mild (46%) or moderate (37%) level of ID; showed more symptoms of depression (p = .024), anxiety (p = .030), self-injurious behavior (p = .015); and experienced more negative life events (p < .001). Clinically relevant predictors of PNES were the number of negative life events (odds ratio [OR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-2.53) and self-injurious behaviors (OR 5.27, 95% CI .97-28.81). Previously, PNES in individuals with ID and epilepsy were described mainly as a reinforced behavioral pattern, due to limited associations with psychiatric disorders. Our results demonstrate that this population does show individual psychosocial vulnerabilities when measured with instruments adjusted for this population, as indicated by proxy reports from daily caregivers. Viewing PNES as an involuntary response, especially for stress-prone individuals with ID, could reduce stigma and improve treatment.

Zebrafish Maintenance Conditions Affect Behavioral and Biochemical Biomarkers: A Possible Interfering Factor on the Research Results.

Over the years, scientific research with fish models has grown at a rapid pace, and issues such as animal welfare are becoming increasingly important in various areas of animal husbandry and experimentation. Here, we evaluated whether Danio rerio behavior is affected by long-term maintenance (75 days) in an enriched environment or a chronic stress (CS) situation. In addition, we evaluated some biochemical parameters related to redox status. We concluded that long-term maintenance of zebrafish in enriched environment might induce an anxiety-like behavior pattern when these fish are faced with an acute subsequent stressor. These anxiety results, the increased school cohesion, and the absence of oxidative damage allow us to hypothesize that the fish maintained in environmental enrichment (EE) situation is more reactive, showing a strong protective reaction to the stress. From an applicable perspective, we show that both too much stress and too little stress are not ideal for zebrafish stocks. In CS situations, fish can habituate and might not respond optimally to test conditions. In opposite, the low stress promoted by environmental enrichment also renders the fish incapable of dealing with occasional stressors optimally, because now even normal conditions appear stressful to them and may elicit fear behaviors they normally would not exhibit.

Exploring gender dynamics and predictors of resilience among nursing students

AimThis study examined the gender differences in contributing factors to resilience among university nursing students, controlling for the age and year of study. BackgroundResilience is a behavioral pattern learned through personal and professional experiences. Resilience is crucial in nursing education and shapes clinical proficiency and care quality that may best target during college years, preparing nursing students for their future careers. DesignCross-sectional design was used in the current study MethodsOnline surveys were used to collect the data from 623 nursing students. Validated instruments assessed resilience, decision fatigue, spiritual well-being, stress overload and spiritual and religious coping. Two regression models were generated to examine gender dynamics in predicting resilience. ResultsThe results showed that more than half of our sample has low resilience (n = 285, 45.7 %). The regression model significantly predicted more than 60 % of the variance in resilience among male nursing students (F(3, 234) = 123.87, p <.001), with religious well-being, negative spiritual and religious coping and stress overload being significant predictors in the model. The regression model predicting resilience among female nursing students showed that the model significantly predicted about half of the variance (F(4, 378) = 123.87, p <.001) with positive spiritual and religious coping, existential well-being, negative spiritual and religious coping and stress overload being significant contributors in the model. ConclusionGender disparities echoed existing literature, advocating gender-sensitive strategies in promoting resilience. Early resilience nurturing through diverse modalities can foster a resilient nursing cohort adept at tackling multifaceted healthcare challenges.

Ecological Adjustments and Behavioural Patterns of the European Badger in North-Western Italy

The European badger is a highly adaptable species, inhabiting a range of environments across Europe, from woodlands to urban areas, with its behaviour influenced by environmental conditions and human activities. This study examines the badger feeding habits, patterns of diel activity, and sett site choice in north-western Italy, assessing how landscape composition affects these behaviours. We conducted our research across seven study areas in northern Italy from December 2020 to November 2022, utilising camera trapping, faeces analysis, and sett surveys. Our findings revealed significant dietary variation, with earthworms being the primary food source in natural landscapes, while fleshy fruits being consumed especially in mixed and heavily modified landscapes, up to constitute the staple of the diet in one agricultural area. Badgers were found to be nocturnal, primarily active between sunset and sunrise. Setts varied considerably in structure and location, with a preference for natural grounds over human-made structures; key factors influencing sett site choice included slope, exposure, and vegetation cover. This study underscores the European badger’s remarkable adaptability, illustrating how its diet, activity patterns, and sett site preferences are shaped by a complex interplay of factors, allowing the species to thrive in both pristine and modified environments across northern Italy.

C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for diagnosis and predicting behavioral pattern in Crohn’s disease compared to ulcerative colitis in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for diagnosis and predicting behavioral pattern in Crohn’s disease compared to ulcerative colitis in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Neuropeptide and serotonin co-transmission sets the activity pattern in the C. elegans egg-laying circuit

Neurons typically release both a neurotransmitter and one or more neuropeptides, but how these signals are integrated within neural circuits to generate and tune behaviors remains poorly understood. We studied how the two hermaphrodite-specific neurons (HSNs) activate the egg-laying circuit of Caenorhabditis elegans by releasing both the neurotransmitter serotonin and NLP-3 neuropeptides. Egg laying occurs in a temporal pattern with approximately 2-min active phases, during which eggs are laid, separated by approximately 20-min inactive phases, during which no eggs are laid. To understand how serotonin and NLP-3 neuropeptides together help produce this behavior pattern, we identified the G-protein-coupled receptor neuropeptide receptor 36 (NPR-36) as an NLP-3 neuropeptide receptor using genetic and molecular experiments. We found that NPR-36 is expressed in, and promotes egg laying within, the egg-laying muscle cells, the same cells where two serotonin receptors also promote egg laying. During the active phase, when HSN activity is high, we found that serotonin and NLP-3 neuropeptides each have a different effect on the timing of egg laying. During the inactive phase, HSN activity is low, which may result in release of only serotonin, yet mutants lacking either serotonin or nlp-3 signaling have longer inactive phases. This suggests that NLP-3 peptide signaling may persist through the inactive phase to help serotonin signaling terminate the inactive phase. We propose a model for neural circuit function in which multiple signals with short- and long-lasting effects compete to generate and terminate persistent internal states, thus patterning a behavior over tens of minutes.

Flight initiation distance and bird tolerance to humans in rural and urban habitats.

Urbanization induces homogenization and changes the behavioural patterns of various bird species, thereby facilitating coexistence and prompting adaptations to disturbances in urban environments. However, there is limited research on the influence of how urbanization affects bird tolerance towards humans, especially in developing sub-tropical regions such as Nepal, which is undergoing rapid unplanned urbanization. This study identified the flight initiation distance (FID) as a proxy for assessing bird tolerance. We focused on evaluating the human tolerance levels of 33 bird species using their FIDs in urban and rural habitats within Kathmandu Valley, a rapidly urbanizing city in South Asia. We found higher tolerance in urban birds than in their rural conspecifics, which varies mainly with dietary guild and season. The positive impact on FID was associated with time of the day and body size, while a negative association was observed with flock size, mean population density of humans and interaction between body size and elevation. Our study highlights the increased tolerance level of birds in urban areas, probably owing to habituation, and emphasizes the imperative need to investigate the potential adverse effect on urban bird population owing to this increased tolerance level.

Hybrid finite element and laplace transform method for efficient numerical solutions of fractional PDEs on graphics processing units

Fractional Partial Differential equations (FPDEs) are essential for modeling complex systems across various scientific and engineering areas. However, efficiently solving FPDEs presents significant computational challenges due to their inherent memory effects, often leading to increased execution times for numerical solutions. This study proposes a highly parallelizable hybrid computational approach that combines the Finite Element Method (FEM) for spatial discretization with Numerical Inversion of the Laplace Transform (NILT) for time-domain solutions, optimized for execution on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The NILT method’s high parallelizability, stemming from the independence of its series terms, combined with the robust spatial discretization provided by FEM, enables the efficient and accurate solution of FPDEs on GPUs, demonstrating substantial performance improvements over traditional CPU-based implementations. We observe a generalized pattern in execution time behavior that accounts for both the number of nodes and the number of NILT terms. Specifically, execution time scales quadratically with the number of nodes, while showing only a logarithmic marginal increase with the number of NILT terms These behaviors not only enables consistent performance assessment but also highlights potential areas for algorithm optimization. Validation against exact solutions of fractional diffusion and wave equations, employing Caputo, modified Caputo-Fabrizio, and modified Atangana-Baleanu derivatives, demonstrates the accuracy and convergence of the hybrid FEM-NILT method. Notably, the exact solutions of wave equation are novel in literature. The results highlight the method’s potential for enabling high-precision, large-scale simulations in fractional calculus applications, thereby advancing computational capabilities and efficiency in the field.

Biologging reveals rapid movements of harbour seals between freshwater and marine habitats in the subarctic

Biologging tools can provide invaluable information on the movement and behaviour of animals, facilitating the elucidation of ecological dynamics, especially for wide-ranging species, and supporting conservation and management efforts. Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) exhibit extensive habitat plasticity in their vast range across the northern hemisphere, with likely recent increases in abundance at northern latitudes, yet details of their movement behaviour in subarctic areas remain largely unknown. We used satellite-telemetry data, including nearly 5,000 locations and over 12,000 dives, obtained from six harbour seals tagged in western Hudson Bay from 2021 to 2023, to address the knowledge gap on their movement behaviour between marine and freshwater habitats in subarctic regions. We document the behavioural patterns, transit speeds, and diverse aquatic system usage, including detailed records of a harbour seal track traversing over 170 km upriver on three separate trips along the Seal River, Canada. Notably, we observed a rapid downstream transit from the Seal River to Hudson Bay, covering 214 km within a single day. Additionally, we highlight the prevalence of short dive durations in the Seal and Churchill Rivers, in contrast to longer dive durations in Hudson Bay. These insights complement existing evidence of harbour seal occurrences and river use at northern latitudes, as well as enhance our understanding of harbour seal movement ecology within Hudson Bay which can be used to better inform conservation and management strategies between connected freshwater and marine environments in the Arctic.

Effect of Acute Alcohol Consumption in a Novel Rodent Model of Decision Making.

Alcohol use, especially at high consumption levels, can lead to irrational decision-making. In humans, this can lead to harmful outcomes often seen in the context of driving under the influence and or aggressive behavior. To date, the field is lacking comprehensive animal models to examine the impact of alcohol use on decision making in rodents, particularly to examine sex differences in choice behavior. To address this issue, the present study examined the effects of acute alcohol consumption during a behavioral approach-avoidance task that captures momentary changes in decision-making behavior and choice selection in female and male rats. Our team has developed a novel behavioral protocol involving a concurrent choice to consume four different concentrations of alcohol and sucrose combinations. During the task, female or male rats can approach or avoid drinking solutions in four distinct corners of our test apparatus. The solutions were prepared in inverse concentrations (higher sucrose was paired with lower alcohol and vice versa) so that the rodents pursue minimal alcohol use by consuming the higher sucrose concentrations or higher concentrations of alcohol by drinking the lower sucrose concentrations. The animals also have the option to avoid drinking alcohol by not approaching any of the drinking cups. Behavior and choice were tracked during task performance involving different solution concentrations of alcohol and sucrose. The choice of consuming different concentrations of alcohol or sucrose resulted in sex-dependent differences in an approach-avoid trade-off pattern of behavior that was sensitive to different concentrations of alcohol/sucrose combinations. Notably, males were greatly affected by the introduction of alcohol into the task environment, approaching higher alcohol concentrations significantly more often than the non-alcohol containing options. In contrast, females choice patterns and task performance were largely unchanged during alcohol and non-alcohol containing tasks. Regardless of sex, we identify a novel method for identifying individual subject decision-making abnormalities during and after alcohol consumption. This research reveals a novel approach for examining the effects of acute alcohol exposure during a trade-off task, with decision patterns being more impacted by alcohol use in males as compared to females. We also offer the field a novel approach for identifying individual abnormalities in decision making behavior with the presentation of alcohol. Future research can explore these abnormal patterns in both acute and chronic alcohol conditions to develop methods for identifying subjects at-risk for developing an alcohol use disorder and the deleterious impact of alcohol on rational decision making.

Factors affecting wild boar damage and countermeasure effectiveness: a case study in a regional park located in a mountainous area

In recent years, the habitat distribution of wild boar has expanded in Japan, and the damage caused by wild boar has been significantly increased. In Bingo Sports Park, a regional park, wild boar damage has also been increasingly severe. To take effective measures, it is necessary to understand where wild boars enter the park, how they move through it, and where the damage is caused. Therefore, this study examines both environmental characteristics inside and outside the park and behavioral characteristics of wild boar using drones, sensor technology and GIS, and then clarifies the main factors contributing to wild boar damage based the logistic regression analysis. In addition, countermeasures such as installing electric fences and repellents were taken, and their effectiveness was verified. There were three main findings. First, the behavioral pattern of wild boars was found to be likely to enter from valleys and usually move on roads in the park. Second, the probability of occurring wild boar damage is higher in areas closer to roads and valleys with more natural cover. Third, the countermeasures have a significant effect on reducing wild boar damage since the amount of damage in the Multi-purposed square installed countermeasure was too small.

The longitudinal behavioral effects of acute exposure to galactic cosmic radiation in female C57BL/6J mice: Implications for deep space missions, female crews, and potential antioxidant countermeasures.

Galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) is an unavoidable risk to astronauts that may affect mission success. Male rodents exposed to 33-beam-GCR (33-GCR) show short-term cognitive deficits but reports on female rodents and long-term assessment are lacking. We asked: What are the longitudinal behavioral effects of 33-GCR on female mice? Also, can an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory compound (CDDO-EA) mitigate the impact of 33-GCR? Mature (6-month-old) C57BL/6J female mice received CDDO-EA (400 μg/g of food) or a control diet (vehicle, Veh) for 5 days and Sham-irradiation (IRR) or whole-body 33-GCR (0.75Gy) on the 4th day. Three-months post-IRR, mice underwent two touchscreen-platform tests: (1) location discrimination reversal (tests behavior pattern separation and cognitive flexibility, abilities reliant on the dentate gyrus) and (2) stimulus-response learning/extinction. Mice then underwent arena-based behavior tests (e.g. open field, 3-chamber social interaction). At the experiment's end (14.25-month post-IRR), an index relevant to neurogenesis was quantified (doublecortin-immunoreactive [DCX+] dentate gyrus immature neurons). Female mice exposed to Veh/Sham vs. Veh/33-GCR had similar pattern separation (% correct to 1st reversal). There were two effects of diet: CDDO-EA/Sham and CDDO-EA/33-GCR mice had better pattern separation vs. their respective control groups (Veh/Sham, Veh/33-GCR), and CDDO-EA/33-GCR mice had better cognitive flexibility (reversal number) vs. Veh/33-GCR mice. One radiation effect/CDDO-EA countereffect also emerged: Veh/33-GCR mice had slower stimulus-response learning (days to completion) vs. all other groups, including CDDO-EA/33-GCR mice. In general, all mice showed normal anxiety-like behavior, exploration, and habituation to novel environments. There was also a change relevant to neurogenesis: Veh/33-GCR mice had fewer DCX+ dentate gyrus immature neurons vs. Veh/Sham mice. Our study implies space radiation is a risk to a female crew's longitudinal mission-relevant cognitive processes and CDDO-EA is a potential dietary countermeasure for space-radiation CNS risks.

Herd behavior identification based on coevolution in human–machine collaborative multi-stage large group decision-making

As the scale of multi-stage large group decision-making (LGDM) continues to expand, the possibility of low-contribution individuals exhibiting herd behavior also increases, potentially leading to the phenomenon of “fishing in troubled waters.” This may obstruct the speed of consensus reaching while generating no valuable opinions, which is a topic worthy of exploration. Considering that humans are easily influenced by interests, the employment of machine intelligence to objectively identify herd behavior is more appropriate. In this context, a herd behavior identification method based on behavioral characteristics clustering from the perspective of human–machine collaboration is herein proposed. First, from the human side, an opinion–social network coevolution model is constructed to simulate the consensus reaching process (CRP) of the expert group. Then, the group is clustered into three subgroups in consideration of behavior that encompasses both opinion changes and trust relationship changes. Based on this, the low-contribution cluster with a herd behavior pattern can be optimized from the machine side. Through simulation experiments, it is verified that herd behavior management significantly accelerates the consensus-reaching speed under the premise of having minimal impact on the decision-making results. In general terms, this study is the first to propose the concept of herd behavior and provides a solution to manage it from a new perspective, which is suitable for application in multi-stage LGDM scenarios.

Correlation of Personality, Temperament, and Behavior of Children in the Dental Environment.

A child's temperament, influenced by inborn traits and emotional regulation, can impact their dental behavior and caries risk. Parenting styles, such as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or neglectful, also play a significant role. Authoritative parenting tends to yield more favorable dental outcomes, while permissive parenting can lead to a higher prevalence of caries. Studying these interactions can help tailor dental interventions and address potential risks associated with caries development. Thus, the study aims to correlate parental personality, the child's temperament to dental caries, and child's behavior in a dental setting. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 children in the age-group of 6-9 years. The children were selected based on the selection criteria. The children were asked to fill out the parental perception questionnaire (PPQ), and the parents were asked to fill out the emotionality, activity, sociability (EAS) questionnaire to assess the parenting style and child's temperamental status. Later, the child's behavior pattern was assessed using the Frankl behavior rating scale. The children were intraorally examined for the presence of caries using the decayed, extracted, filled teeth (deft) and decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index. All the data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. In this study, a total of 160 children were assessed, including 84 boys (52.3%) and 76 girls (47.5%), with an average age of 7.8 years. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffe's post hoc test was performed to compare the temperamental status and parenting style with the behavior of the child in the dental office. The results were statistically significant with a p-value of 0.001. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a significant positive correlation between Temperament E scores and def scores in children with positive behavior (p-value = 0.004). This study's findings suggest that a child's behavior in a dental office is influenced by the parent's personality, the child's temperament, and the dentist. A child's capacity to handle dental visits and their overall oral health can be notably affected by the child's temperament and parenting style. Thamilvanan S, Srinivasan D, Benedict CH, et al. Correlation of Personality, Temperament, and Behavior of Children in the Dental Environment. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):907-912.

PREDICTING GEN-Z PERSONALITY ON TWITTER BASED ON BIG FIVE MODEL WITH KNN AND SVM

Generation Z is a group that is very connected to digital technology, especially social media such as Twitter. Their widespread presence on these platforms creates a unique opportunity to understand their behavioural patterns and personalities. However, research on personality prediction on social media is still limited and focused on certain platforms or different age groups. Personality prediction can help to find out someone's personality by just looking at tweets on social media. This research aims at two things: first, to build a Gen-Z personality prediction model on Twitter based on the Big Five Personality Model with the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Second, test and compare the performance of previously generated personality prediction models with various evaluation metrics. The research results show that the KNN algorithm has an accuracy rate of 0.73%, precision of 0.73%, recall of 0.73%, and score of 0.72%. Based on the test results, the SVM algorithm obtained the best accuracy, which received an accuracy of 0.78%, precision of 0.82%, recall of 0.78%, and F1-score of 0.78%. This research contributes in two ways: first, scientifically, by understanding Gen-Z personalities on Twitter, and second, by developing new prediction methods and insights into Gen-Z behaviour. Second, practically, by helping with communication and marketing strategies, product/service development and social interventions for Gen-Z.

The Impact of Social Media and Socio-Cultural Attitudes toward Body Image on the Risk of Orthorexia among Female Football Players of Different Nationalities.

Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is an emerging behavioral pattern characterized by an obsessive focus on healthy eating. Despite its prevalence, ON lacks formal diagnostic criteria in major classification systems like the DSM-5 and the ICD-10. This study aims to investigate the impact of socio-cultural attitudes towards body image and the role of social media on the risk of ON among female football players from Poland, Turkey, and India. This study hypothesizes that socio-cultural pressures and media usage significantly influence the risk of developing ON, particularly in cultures more exposed to Western beauty ideals. The study was conducted from May to August 2024, employing the Computer-Assisted Web Interview method. A total of 142 female football players aged 16-36 from Poland, Turkey, and India participated. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included demographic information and health metrics, the Socio-Cultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire, and the Duesseldorf Orthorexia Scale. Statistical analyses included an ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The study found that nearly half of the participants were at risk of or presented with ON, with the highest prevalence being among Indian athletes. Statistically significant relationships were observed between the risk of ON and factors such as age, dietary exclusions, social media usage, and sources of nutritional information. However, no significant correlation was found between socio-cultural attitudes and the risk of ON, suggesting that other factors may play a more critical role. While socio-cultural pressures and media use are contributing factors to the risk of ON, psychological factors and individual behaviors appear to be equally, if not more, significant. This study highlights the importance of targeted educational programs and psychological support for young athletes, with a focus on promoting healthy dietary practices and positive body image perceptions across varying cultural contexts. Additionally, the results suggest the need for further research into the specific psychological and behavioral mechanisms underlying ON.

The role of Confucian values in Korean administrative culture: a cultural-contextual perspective

ABSTRACT The Korean administrative culture and its philosophy have been developed through the philosophical underpinnings of religious and spiritual practices of Confucianism. This paper argues how, as an administrative culture, Confucian tradition has significantly impacted Korean bureaucrat’s and citizens’ behavioural and attitudinal patterns. The managerial values developed by Western countries still could not be absorbed and integrated with Korean administrative culture due to the strong ethical and cultural Confucian values. However, in contemporary times, there is a diminishing trend of public service motivation and an erosion of public trust towards public officials in Korea. Many aspects of bureaucracy have been standardised regardless of their applicability in the cultural context. Although the rule of law remains the universally accepted mode of governance, understanding the contextual or situated specificity of the role of religion in Asia Pacific states is significant as the world is reverting to traditions and culture. The conclusion offers that in rendering public services, public values shape the ethics or moral standards of the bureaucrats. The morality of Confucian values and ethics can complement in Korea’s public organisational behaviour and religion, which could be a way to achieve an impersonal ethical code in modern public governance.

Assessment of Behavioural Patterns and Liver Histopathology in Zebrafish (Dania rerio)Exposed to Viruddha Kshira Samyogas–An Experimental Study

Assessment of Behavioural Patterns and Liver Histopathology in Zebrafish (Dania rerio)Exposed to Viruddha Kshira Samyogas–An Experimental Study