Arc Pattern Research Articles

Correlation between dermatoglyphic pattern and dental caries among dental students in a dental college in Mangalore

Introduction: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by a microbial infestation of the teeth. It has been found that some individuals have a genetic predilection for being affected by caries. The fingerprint patterns found in humans are unique and form during the 3rd week of gestation from the same site from which the development of teeth occurs. Thus, it can be theorized that if a person has a genetic predilection for caries, then it would be reflected in the fingerprint pattern too. Aims: To find a correlation between the incidence of caries and the fingerprint patterns and to find which classification has the highest incidence of caries. Methodology and Materials Used: A cross-sectional study was performed on 440 students aged between 18 and 26 years. Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) method was performed for collecting the data regarding caries incidence, while the stamp pad method was used for getting the fingerprints. They were then classified, and statistical analysis was done with their respective DMFT scores. Results: Among all the patterns, the loop pattern was found among 312 students (70.1%) followed by whorl (92, 20.9%) and arc pattern (36, 8.2%) Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that there is a definite correlation between the number of loops pattern and the presence of dental caries. Hence, dermatoglyphics can be used as a screening method to provide adequate preventive treatment to individuals showing a higher caries risk as detected by the hand ridge patterns.

Design and foldability of Miura-based cylindrical origami structures

A methodology for designing cylindrical origami with different patterns and different cross-sectional shapes is presented. Planar and cylindrical origami with curved-crease patterns are designed and proved to be foldable and developable regardless of the type of crease line. Specifically, cylindrical origami structures with arc-Miura pattern and circular cross section, arc pattern and circular cross section, arc-Miura pattern and triangular cross section, arc pattern and triangular cross section are designed. The relationships between the two-dimensional (2D) crease lines in a sheet and three-dimensional (3D) spatial origami structures are derived. Fabrications of cylindrical origami by a folding process are performed to validate the design theory for 2D crease lines. This work paves the way for applications for cylindrical origami in engineering, such as energy absorption.

Magmatic Tempos in Large Hot Orogens in Comparison with Continental Margin Arcs

Geochronologic data combined with a geographic information system-based spatial analysis of plutons in the Bohemian Massif, Variscan belt, allow us to describe the apparent magma fluxes and episodic temporal pattern of plutonism, different from the cyclic pattern of continental margin arcs. The former is interpreted as reflecting a secular thermotectonic evolution of the orogen and magma sources changing from mantle-dominated to intracrustal, paralleled by increasing significance of crustal recycling at the expense of crustal growth. The analysis also suggests that crustal thickening, commonly regarded as the main cause of plutonism in collisional orogens, may be of relatively lower significance than late-stage mantle delamination.

Origami-tessellation-based triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting with application in road pavement

The output performance of the current origami inspired Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENGs) are limited by the simple origami pattern used as the TENGs base. Here, we propose a kind of origami tessellation (OT) base to enhance the electric output performance of TENG and facilitate its application in road pavement for energy harvesting. The OT base provides multi layers facets to install tribo-pairs and can be driven by very small stimulation owing to the resilience of the structure. It can be operated effectively under either traction or compression depending on the initial configuration of the OT base. Besides, the foldability of the OT base makes easily the developed devices to be fitted thin gap in the road pavement. A series of mechanical tests are carried out to study the output performance of a quadrangular prism shape OT-TENG based on the Arc pattern under different boundary conditions and frequencies. To guarantee the motion synchronicity of the OT base, a strip-shape OT-TENG based on the Miura pattern is designed to obviously increase the output performance as the number of the tribo-pairs increases. Then, the tracking board test shows the potential application of the OT-TENGs for pavement vibration energy harvesting. By constructing a two-dimensional network of the OT-TENGs in pavement, the devices will provide a feasible green energy to meet the energy need of the intelligent transportation systems in the future. The outcomes of this work offer a novel OT-TENG design with great potential to dramatically enhance the output performance of TENGs devices in more general shape space and more flexible environment for vibration energy harvesting.

Silurian to Early Devonian arc magmatism in the western Sakarya Zone (NW Turkey), with inference to the closure of the Rheic Ocean

The Rheic Ocean is the most significant Paleozoic ocean that detached peri-Gondwana terranes from the northern Gondwana margin throughout the closure of the Iapetus Ocean. The suture of the Rheic Ocean spreads from Mexico to the Middle East, and the timing of its final closure is well-documented by the rocks formed in the Variscan-Alleghanian-Ouachita orogeny which led to the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea. However, as robust paleomagnetic and quantitative data are mostly lacking, the onset and evolution of the subduction of the Rheic Ocean are highly speculative, and they require further confirmation. Recently, the well-preserved metagranitoids along the western Sakarya Zone (SZ) in Anatolia have been identified, and they provide new data that improve our knowledge on the evolution of the Early Paleozoic Rheic Ocean along the northern Gondwana. Here, we present new geochronological, in situ zircon Hf isotope, and whole-rock geochemical analyses of these metagranitoids from the western SZ to enhance our understanding of the subduction processes of the Rheic Ocean. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating demonstrated that the Bozüyük and Borçak metagranitoids from the western SZ were emplaced during the Silurian to Early Devonian (431 ± 2.7 to 403 ± 3.5 Ma). The both granitoids have medium- to high-K, calc-alkaline magmatic character, and exhibit peraluminous to slightly metaluminous geochemical signature. They show a typical arc pattern in terms of trace elements and have a uniform, moderate negative εHf (t) of −3.2 to −9.7, with Mesoproterozoic Hf depleted mantle model ages (TDM1 = 1.2 to 1.4 Ga). The geochemical and isotopic characteristics are not consistent with those of depleted mantle melts and melts derived from the crustal rocks in an intracontinental environment. Instead, the parental magma is likely generated from the partial melting of a homogeneous and enriched mantle wedge source. We propose that the Silurian to Early Devonian arc-related magmatism is associated with a northward subduction episode of the Rheic Oceanic lithosphere beneath the peri-Gondwana terranes. Hence, we consider that the opening of Paleotethys Ocean formed in a back-arc basin of subduction in Andean style to the north rather than a continental rift to the south in response to south-directed and short-lived supra-subduction zone (SSZ)-type subduction during the Silurian to Early Devonian.

Diagnosing an ancient shallow-angle subduction event from Cenozoic depositional and deformational records in the central Andes of southern Peru

The spectrum of responses exhibited by upper plates to changes in the subduction zone geometry remains poorly constrained. In the Paleogene, the central Andes in southern Peru potentially experienced an episode of flat or shallow-angle subduction. Presented here are new geochronologic, thermochronologic, basin subsidence backstripping analysis, and 2D flexural modeling results. These are synthesized with existing records on the temporal variation of the volcanic arc position, basin fill chronostratigraphy, deformation style and location, and geophysical constraints on lithospheric architecture to investigate how this segment of the Andes developed during a proposed ancient modification to the subduction zone dip. Basin chronostratigraphy confirms persistent contribution from volcanic arc products during the Eocene–Miocene, arguing against complete cessation of arc magmatism. Sediment accumulation was pulsed and generally more rapid during the late Eocene–Oligocene event. The subsidence curve is generally concave-up, atypical for a foreland basin situated within the compressional central Andes. The tectonic subsidence magnitude observed from backstripping analysis is at least 1 km less than the magnitude of subsidence predicted by 2D flexural model results. This suggests a component of basin uplift, potentially as a dynamic response to subduction shallowing, may have opposed flexural subsidence that was driven by crustal thickening and topographic loading. New geo- and thermochronologic results constrain the timing of Late Triassic pluton emplacement, and initial unroofing that predates the proposed timing of flat or shallow-angle subduction. This new timing suggests initial deformation, with mixed thin- and thick-skinned deformation style, in the Eastern Cordillera may be linked to reactivation of inherited structures rather than inboard deformation advance as a response to subduction flattening. The lack of basement-cored uplifts, preservation of mantle lithosphere beneath this segment of the central Andes, and volcanic arc patterns argue against the occurrence of a flat slab event. Instead, these results point to a shallow-angle subduction event and highlight the diverse behaviors of Cordilleran margins affected by variable subduction zone geometry and upper plates with inherited crustal heterogeneities.

Nodal plane and persistent spin texture in a Weyl semimetal without mirror symmetry

By utilizing symmetry analysis and electronic structure calculations, we investigated the low-temperature orthorhombic phase of Ag$_{2}$Se in ${\cal SG}$~17. In addition to the discovery of a nodal plane at $k_{z}=\pi$ protected by the joint operation of time-reversal (${\cal T}$) and the 2-fold screw rotation $S_{2z}$, we found 24 Weyl points mainly residing at the $k_{y}=0$ plane with notable Fermi arc and large quasiparticle interference pattern (QPI). Due to the absence of mirror symmetry, a pair of Weyl points with opposite chirality reside at different binding energies, which makes this system an excellent material candidate for realizing the novel chiral anomaly related phenomenon, such as the quantized circular photogalvanic and the chiral magnetic effects. Furthermore, we also reveal the striking spin textures at $k_{z}=\pi$ plane which demonstrates, in a large region of the surface Brillouin Zone, a direction-selective spin polarization, which has a strong implication to spintronic applications.

The effect of temperature and pressure on polycaprolactone morphology

The morphology and melting behavior of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) processed at varying pressure-temperature-time conditions (2000–20,000 lbf, 22–70 °C, and 5–15 min) were studied using polarized light microscopy (PLM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Samples processed well below the melting region at 22 °C displayed minimal to no birefringent properties, with broadened crystalline XRD scattering patterns, indicative of plastic crystal mesophase morphology. Plastic crystal quantity was shown to gradually increase from 16% to 30% with processing pressure increasing from 2000 lbf to 20,000 lbf. The mechanism of this formation is thought to be the result of crystal disorganization upon plastic deformation, related to the low-energy barrier slip-planes in the crystalline structure. With sufficient chain mobility achieved at higher processing temperatures (50 °C and 60 °C), samples displayed broad birefringent strokes under PLM and were characterized by XRD scattering patterns of broad anisotropic arcs around the equator of the 2D azimuthal pattern, which are indicative of condis crystal mesophase orientation. As opposed to plastic crystal, the condis crystal quantities showed no correlation with increased pressure, ranging between 28% and 40% as processing pressure increased. The additional chain mobility at these temperatures is thought to enable the mesophase to orient radially (normal to the direction of the external load), allowing the transition from plastic crystal to condis crystal. Thus, this paper reports the formation of four distinct morphologies upon processing PCL namely; crystalline, condis crystal mesophase, plastic crystal mesophase, and amorphous.

Lenticular burns following PASCAL photocoagulation.

Lenticular burns following PASCAL photocoagulation.

Origin of Al-rich chondrules in CV chondrites: Incorporation of diverse refractory components into the ferromagnesian chondrule-forming region

Aluminum-rich (Al2O3 > 10 wt%) chondrules (ARCs) are important chondritic components that petrologically link two other major chondritic components, ferromagnesian chondrules (FMCs) and calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), which formed in different regions of the protoplanetary disk. They are closely related to FMCs as indicated by their similar igneous textures, mineral assemblages, and Al-Mg isotope systematics; meanwhile, they have genetic a relationship with CAIs as indicated by their distinctly Al2O3-rich compositions and occasional occurrences of relict CAI minerals. In order to further understand their formation mechanism and genetic relationships to FMCs and CAIs, nine ARCs and three ARC-related objects from Allende (CV3 oxidized), Leoville (CV3 reduced), and the ungrouped Ningqiang carbonaceous chondrites were studied for petrology, mineralogy, bulk compositions, rare earth element (REE) abundances, and in situ oxygen isotopic compositions. Our results suggest that (i) ARCs crystallized from incompletely molten droplets with crystallization sequences mainly determined based on their bulk compositions. Projection of their bulk compositions onto the forsterite-saturated tridymite-diopside-spinel diagram allows us to classify them into Al-rich [Sp], Al-rich [En], and Al-rich [Plag]; (ii) ARC precursors are mixtures of refractory materials and the precursors of FMCs, in which the refractory materials have diverse sources rather than a single type of CAI/AOA (amoeboid olivine aggregate); this is inferred from the bulk compositions, relict minerals (both coarse- and fine-grained spinel, olivine, and Al-Ti-diopside), and various CAI-like REE patterns (unfractionated Group I/III and highly fractionated Group II/II-like) of ARCs. The sources include AOAs and igneous Type B/C CAIs; (iii) ARCs were melted in the FMC-forming region, possibly by the same heating mechanism or during the same transient heating event, which is consistent with the similar oxygen isotopic compositions of their phenocrysts (Δ17O = −5.2 ± 1.7‰, 2SD). Thus, we consider that ARCs formed by melting of mixtures of diverse refractory components with the FMC precursors in the FMC-forming region.

Coral Reef Image Classifications with Hybrid Methods

There are several organisms on oceans. Among the organisms coral reefs are the one with 800 species. Classifying coral is a difficult task. Scientist classify the coral organism and put in to groups based on their characteristics. There are several machine learning algorithms are implemented to analyzer and classify the coral species. The main aim of this work is to effectively use handcrafted features with deep features for classifying the coral classes. Here the state of art feature descriptors such as Local Binary Pattern, Local Arc Pattern and Improved Webbers Binary Code are proposed to extract the features of coral. The results which obtained can be further improved by combining these local descriptors with convolution neural network .The feature extracted by above methods are classified using KNN and Random Forest. Experiments with these methods are conducted using EILAT dataset. The Experimental results obtained by these methods demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed method.

Influence of arc oscillation frequency on tensile properties and microstructural characteristics of magnetic arc oscillation welded AZ31B magnesium alloy joints

Abstract This investigation aims at assessing the impact of magnetic oscillation frequency on tensile properties and the microstructural pattern of gas tungsten arc welded with AZ31B Magnesium alloy joints. Arc oscillation frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 3 Hz are used to form various levels of five joints. Unlike the other types joints, the joints having the base of arc oscillation frequency of 2 Hz produced greater tensile properties and it happened because of the presence of finer grains and evenly distributed precipitates in the weld region of the joints.

Magnetically enhanced gliding arc discharge for CO2 activation

In this work, a novel magnetically enhanced gliding arc discharge (MEGAD) reactor was developed and investigated for the activation of carbon dioxide to produce value-added carbon monoxide. The effect of the external magnetic field on the gliding arc motion behavior, electrical characteristics and CO2 decomposition has been systematically investigated under different flow rates. Results indicate that the presence of the external magnetic field can remarkably enlarge the plasma region, due to the facilitating effect of Lorentz force, especially at a low flow rate. The gliding arc motions with and without a magnetic field at low flow rates show different patterns: a short-circuiting pattern of a “motionless” gliding arc without a magnetic field and a regular ‘ignition – elongation – extinguishment’ pattern of a motional gliding arc with a magnetic field. Interestingly, the MEGAD exhibits higher CO2 conversion in comparison to traditional gliding arc systems (up to 40.6% higher at flow rate = 1 L/min), especially at relatively low flow rates. The optimal CO2 dissociation performance achieved is: 12.2% CO2 conversion and 24.3% energy efficiency at 3000 mL/min or 11.2% CO2 conversion and 27.9% energy efficiency at 4000 mL/min, with the presence of magnetic field.

Extraction of Revolving Channels of Drifters around Mesoscale Eddy Centers Based on Spatiotemporal Trajectory Clustering

The global oceanic transports of energy, plankton, and other tracers by mesoscale eddies can be estimated by combining satellite altimetry and in situ data. However, the revolving channels of particles entrained by mesoscale eddies, which could help explain the dynamic process of eddies entraining materials, are still unknown. In this study, satellite altimeter and drifter data from 1993 to 2016 are adopted, and the normalized trajectory clustering algorithm (N-TRACLUS) is proposed to extract the revolving channels of drifters. First, the trajectories of drifters are normalized and clustered by using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. Next, the revolving channels of drifters around the eddy center are extracted. The ring or arc pattern in the middle of a normalized eddy appears when drifters are uninterruptedly entrained by eddies for more than 30 days. Moreover, the revolving channels of drifters in cyclonic eddies are relatively closer to the eddy center than those in anticyclonic eddies. These revolving channels suggest the principal mode of materials’ continuous motion processes that are inside eddies.

Automated Lensing Learner: Automated Strong Lensing Identification with a Computer Vision Technique

Abstract Forthcoming surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and Euclid necessitate automatic and efficient identification methods of strong lensing systems. We present a strong lensing identification approach that utilizes a feature extraction method from computer vision, the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), to capture edge patterns of arcs. We train a supervised classifier model on the HOG of mock strong galaxy–galaxy lens images similar to observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and LSST. We assess model performance with the area under the curve (AUC) of a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Models trained on 10,000 lens and non-lens containing images exhibit an AUC of 0.975 for an HST-like sample, 0.625 for one exposure of LSST, and 0.809 for 10 yr mock LSST observations. Performance appears to continually improve with the training set size. Models trained on fewer images perform better in the absence of the lens galaxy light. However, with larger training data sets, information from the lens galaxy actually improves model performance, indicating that HOG captures much of the morphological complexity of the arc-finding problem. We test our classifier on data from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey and find that small-scale image features reduce the efficiency of our trained model. However, these preliminary tests indicate that some parameterizations of HOG can compensate for differences between observed mock data. One example best-case parameterization results in an AUC of 0.6 in the F814 filter image, with other parameterization results equivalent to random performance.

A study of Babylonian planetary theory II. The planet Venus

In this series of papers I attempt to provide an answer to the question how the Babylonian scholars arrived at their mathematical theory of planetary motion. Papers I and II were devoted to system A theory of the outer planets and of the planet Venus. In this third and last paper I will study system A theory of the planet Mercury. Our knowledge of the Babylonian theory of Mercury is at present based on twelve Ephemerides and seven Procedure Texts. Three computational systems of Mercury are known, all of system A. System A1 is represented by nine Ephemerides covering the years 190 BC to 100 BC and system A2 by two Ephemerides covering the years 310 to 290 BC. System A3 is known from a Procedure Text and from Text M, an Ephemeris of the last evening visibility of Mercury for the years 424 to 403 BC. From an analysis of the Babylonian observations of Mercury preserved in the Astronomical Diaries and Planetary Texts we find: (1) that dates on which Mercury reaches its stationary points are not recorded, (2) that Normal Star observations on or near dates of first and last appearance of Mercury are rare (about once every twenty observations), and (3) that about one out of every seven pairs of first and last appearances is recorded as “omitted” when Mercury remains invisible due to a combination of the low inclination of its orbit to the horizon and the attenuation by atmospheric extinction. To be able to study the way in which the Babylonian scholars constructed their system A models of Mercury from the available observational material I have created a database of synthetic observations by computing the dates and zodiacal longitudes of all first and last appearances and of all stationary points of Mercury in Babylon between 450 and 50 BC. Of the data required for the construction of an ephemeris synodic time intervals Δt can be directly derived from observed dates but zodiacal longitudes and synodic arcs Δλ must be determined in some other way. Because for Mercury positions with respect to Normal Stars can only rarely be determined at its first or last appearance I propose that the Babylonian scholars used the relation Δλ = Δt −3;39,40, which follows from the period relations, to compute synodic arcs of Mercury from the observed synodic time intervals. An additional difficulty in the construction of System A step functions is that most amplitudes are larger than the associated zone lengths so that in the computation of the longitudes of the synodic phases of Mercury quite often two zone boundaries are crossed. This complication makes it difficult to understand how the Babylonian scholars managed to construct System A models for Mercury that fitted the observations so well because it requires an excessive amount of computational effort to find the best possible step function in a complicated trial and error fitting process with four or five free parameters. To circumvent this difficulty I propose that the Babylonian scholars used an alternative more direct method to fit System A-type models to the observational data of Mercury. This alternative method is based on the fact that after three synodic intervals Mercury returns to a position in the sky which is on average only 17.4° less in longitude. Using reduced amplitudes of about 14°–25° but keeping the same zone boundaries, the computation of what I will call 3-synarc system A models of Mercury is significantly simplified. A full ephemeris of a synodic phase of Mercury can then be composed by combining three columns of longitudes computed with 3-synarc step functions, each column starting with a longitude of Mercury one synodic event apart. Confirmation that this method was indeed used by the Babylonian astronomers comes from Text M (BM 36551+), a very early ephemeris of the last appearances in the evening of Mercury from 424 to 403 BC, computed in three columns according to System A3. Based on an analysis of Text M I suggest that around 400 BC the initial approach in system A modelling of Mercury may have been directed towards choosing “nice” sexagesimal numbers for the amplitudes of the system A step functions while in the later final models, dating from around 300 BC onwards, more emphasis was put on selecting numerical values for the amplitudes such that they were related by simple ratios. The fact that different ephemeris periods were used for each of the four synodic phases of Mercury in the later models may be related to the selection of a best fitting set of System A step function amplitudes for each synodic phase.

Study on volt-ampere characteristics of solar array arcs in LEO spacecraft

The primary and secondary arcs volt-ampere characteristics of low earth orbit solar arrays are studied in this research. Using three gallium-arsenide solar cell samples, the gap lengths of the solar cell are set to 1, 2, and 3 mm. First, the primary arc voltage characteristics of a solar array are analyzed. It is found that two steps are involved in the primary arc voltages, which are 116 and 22 V according to our experiment and are independent of the electrostatic discharge current and the gap lengths. By comparing with the arc pattern, we determined that current chopping may be the reason for the stepped arc voltage. Then, the characteristics of the secondary arc of the solar array are demonstrated. The study shows that the secondary arc voltage values increase with the gap length. In the case of the same cell with a fixed gap length, the voltage of the secondary arc increases with the string current. Finally, the relationship between the secondary arc voltage and the gap length is obtained which helps the string voltage and the gap length selection for system design.

Distinct regulation pattern of Egr-1, BDNF and Arc during morphine-withdrawal conditioned place aversion paradigm: Role of glucocorticoids

Negative affective aspects of opiate abstinence contribute to the persistence of substance abuse. Importantly, interconnected brain areas involved in aversive motivational processes, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), become activated when animals are confined to withdrawal-paired environments. In the present study, place aversion was elicited in sham and adrenalectomized (ADX) animals by conditioned naloxone-precipitated drug withdrawal following exposure to chronic morphine. qPCR was employed to detect the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and the immediate early genes (IEG) early growth response 1 (Egr-1) and activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc) mRNAs in the VTA and mPFC at different time points of the conditioned place aversion (CPA) paradigm: after the conditioning phase and after the test phase. Sham + morphine rats exhibited robust CPA, which was impaired in ADX + morphine animals. Egr-1 and Arc were induced in the VTA and mPFC after morphine-withdrawal conditioning phase. Furthermore, Bdnf expression was enhanced in the VTA during the test phase. Bdnf induction seemed to be glucocorticoid-dependent, given that was correlated with HPA axis function and was not observed in morphine-dependent ADX animals. In addition, BDNF regulation and function was opposite in the VTA and mPFC during aversive-withdrawal memory retrieval. Our results suggest that IEGs and BDNF in these brain regions may play key roles in mediating the negative motivational component of opiate withdrawal.

Perturbed expression pattern of the immediate early gene Arc in the dentate gyrus of GluA1 C-terminal palmitoylation-deficient mice.

Background AMPA receptors predominantly mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain. Post‐translational protein S‐palmitoylation of AMPA receptor GluA subunits at their C‐termini reversibly controls the receptors trafficking to and from excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Excitatory inputs to neurons induce the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs), including Arc, with particular spatial patterns. In the hippocampal dentate gyrus, Arc is mainly expressed in the upper (dorsal) blade at the basal state. GluA1 C‐terminal palmitoylation‐deficient (GluA1C811S) mice showed enhanced seizure susceptibility and disturbed synaptic plasticity without impaired gross anatomy or basal synaptic transmission. These mutant mice also exhibited an increased expression of IEG products, c‐Fos and Arc proteins, in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In this report, we further analyzed excitability and Arc expression pattern in the dentate gyrus of GluA1C811S mice.Methods and ResultsElectrophysiological analysis of granule neurons to measure the evoked excitatory postsynaptic current/evoked inhibitory postsynaptic current ratio revealed that excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance was normal in GluA1C811S mice. In contrast, immunohistochemical staining showed an abnormal distribution of Arc‐positive cells between upper and lower (ventral) blades of the dentate gyrus in these mutant mice. These data suggest that deficiency of GluA1 palmitoylation causes perturbed neuronal inputs from the entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus, which potentially underlies the excessive excitability in response to seizure‐inducing stimulation.ConclusionOur findings conclude that an appropriate regulation of Arc expression in the dentate gyrus, ensured by AMPA receptor palmitoylation, may be critical for stabilizing hippocampal neural circuits and may suppress excess excitation.

Prediction of ideal triple degenerate points in HfIrAs and HfIrBi

In this study, two ideal triple degenerate point (TDP) semimetals were predicted, namely, HfIrAs and HfIrBi, that exhibit clean TDPs around the fermi level. At the atomic level, the origin of the TDP was analyzed, and when combined with the low-energy effective 4-band model, it was found that the bulk inversion asymmetry directly determines the formation of the TDP for cubic crystals. The projected surface states and corresponding patterns of the fermi arcs with and without tensile strain were investigated for two different crystal face orientations [(111) and (110)], both of which could be detected using photoemission spectroscopy. In addition, the disappearance of the spin texture, which was studied in strained HgTe bulk states, was also observed in the surface states. The results of this study indicate that the two materials are unique platforms on which emergent phenomena, such as the interplay between the TDP of semimetals and superconductivity, can be explored.