Design Patterns Research Articles

Design, Analysis and Detection of Urban Mobility Patterns in Guayaquil through Supervised Learning Algorithms

This work explores the use of GPS trajectory data (Git Hub) and supervised learning algorithms to analyze mobility patterns in the city of Guayaquil-Ecuador. The analysis reveals that identifying mobility patterns is crucial to improve urban planning and optimize public transport in terms of its innovations from 2024. The methodology has included data collection from various open access sources, data preprocessing and the use of a Random Forest Classifier to detect mobility patterns. The results indicate a model accuracy of 50%, opening the possibilities for future specialized research to optimize the model and collect more data to improve its performance and propose new StartUPS for the city. The data compiled supports the implementation of the Single Card for Public Transport (TUT), which modernizes and unifies the payment system, facilitating the collection of essential data for analysis. The research concludes that the integration of data from applications such as Waze and Moovit is crucial for efficient and sustainable urban planning and that supervised learning algorithms are effective tools for urban mobility analysis and leaving open the possibility of exploring additional data and other algorithms to improve the accuracy of models and the generation of new mobility routes.

Effect of White Ginger Rhizome Extract (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) on Pregnancy in Mice (Mus musculus L.) Early Post-implantation Stage

White ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) contains compounds in the antifertility group, namely flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils (gingerol and shogaol). Flavonoids can interfere with zygote division and implantation, while terpenoids and essential oils disrupt sperm transport and cause sperm to clot in male animals. This study aims to determine the effect of white ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) rhizome extract on the mouse (Mus musculus L.) early post-implantation stage. This research type is experimental and structured using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) pattern. A total of 16 female mice weighing 20-30 g aged 2-3 months were divided into four treatments, namely K1 (control), K2 (0.7 mg/g BW), K3 (1.4 mg/g BW), and K4 (2.8 mg/g BW) white ginger rhizome extract. The extract is given orally at 0.5 mL/head/day on the 4th to 8th day of pregnancy. The mother's body weight is weighed every three days. On the 18th day of pregnancy, mice were sacrificed using chloroform and dissected to observe early post-implantation pregnancy parameters. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's follow-up test with a confidence level of 95%. The research showed that white ginger rhizome extract significantly reduced the percentage of implantation (IM) and the percentage of live fetuses (FH), causing fetal growth to be hampered. The rate of implantation (IM) is K1 (1.8%), K2 (0.52%), K3 (0.49%). The percentage of live fetuses (FH) was K1 (1.06%), K2 (0.48%), and K3 (0.30%), while no fetus was found in K4. K3 treatment (1.4mg/g) causes fetal growth to be hampered. White ginger rhizome extract, on average, increases post-implantation mortality (KPI) and percentage of embryo resorption (ER) and reduces fetal weight. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that white ginger extract has antifertility properties in female animals because it causes pregnancy disorders, so it is hoped that the use of white ginger in early pregnancy will be reduced.

Multimodal Fusion Technology in Art Decorative Pattern Design

Multimodal Fusion Technology in Art Decorative Pattern Design

Ultra‐Lean Silver Screen‐Printing for Sustainable Terawatt‐Scale Photovoltaic

As the photovoltaics industry approaches the terawatt (TW) manufacturing scale, the consumption of silver in screen‐printed contacts must be significantly reduced for all cell architectures to avoid risks of depleting the global silver supply and substantial cost inflations. With alternative metallization techniques (e.g., plating) facing their own challenges for mass production, advancements in the mainstream screen‐printing technology to accelerate the pace of silver reductions are urgently needed. This work presents a silver‐lean screen‐printed contact scheme, providing scope for substantial reductions in silver consumption based on existing industrial screen‐printing capabilities. The initial testing of such a design leads to the fabrication of 24.04% efficient large‐area TOPCon solar cells with 9 mg W−1 silver consumption compatible with existing soldering‐based interconnection technologies, corresponding to a 25%rel reduction in silver usage compared to standard industrial screen‐printed TOPCon solar cells. Upon further optimization in pattern designs and fabrication processes, this silver‐lean design offers a promising pathway toward ultra‐low silver consumption of less than 2 mg W−1 for screen‐printed TOPCon solar cells without sacrificing efficiency.

Enforcement Design Patterns in EU Law: An Analysis of the AI Act

In recent decades, the enforcement of European Union (EU) law has transitioned from being primarily the responsibility of Member States to becoming an increasingly shared or centralised task at the EU level. Drawing on the concept of legal design patterns, this article presents these two broadly understood enforcement approaches as decentralised and centralised enforcement patterns, and examines the AI Act through this conceptual lens. The objective of this exploration is to highlight that the choice of enforcement mechanisms for EU laws comes with different sets of challenges, in general, and to contribute to the understanding of the AI Act’s enforcement structure, in particular. In this paper, we ground our analysis on the theoretical framework of legal design patterns in order to reduce the regulatory complexity into comparable problem-solving elements. Under this framework, we (1) examine the enforcement framework of the AI Act, and we (2) draw comparative lessons from the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), an EU legislation which is based on the largely decentralised enforcement model. On this basis, we (3) discuss some of the potential implications of the decentralised enforcement of the AI Act, and consider the possible reasons behind this choice of enforcement model.

Design patterns of tumor-on-chips utilizing fluidic devices and their latest trends

Design patterns of tumor-on-chips utilizing fluidic devices and their latest trends

Investigative analysis of Hongshan culture pattern design proposed through creative product design

Investigative analysis of Hongshan culture pattern design proposed through creative product design

Seldom Heard Voices - Empowering Maternity Services in Wales.

Seldom-heard groups refer to individuals whose voices are often marginalised, underrepresented, or not adequately considered in the digital design process. This case study aims to demonstrate the benefits of taking a user-centred design (UCD) approach to implementing a digital solution for Maternity Services in Wales. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand the needs of women and birthing people from seldom-heard groups. The research insights were used to inform the design of a service pattern that could be delivered before and after each maternity appointment. The research shows opportunities to improve the experience for women and birthing people and reduce their anxieties by creating a reliable, accessible digital maternity record that will empower them to make evidence-based decisions. By taking a user-centred design approach and centering the unique needs of those facing the greatest health disparities, Maternity Services' digital transformation aims to positively impact the health and well-being of women and birthing people in Wales.

Development of the E-module with Project-Based Learning for the Flat Pattern Design Course

Development of the E-module with Project-Based Learning for the Flat Pattern Design Course

Design patterns of deep reinforcement learning models for job shop scheduling problems

Design patterns of deep reinforcement learning models for job shop scheduling problems

Chatbots for Sexual Health Improvement: A Systematic Review

There is a rising interest in chatbots dedicated to enhancing sexual health. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of these chatbots, and the current literature lacks sufficient exploration of gaps and patterns in this field. In this review, we provided an overview of the state-of-the-art research conducted on sexual health chatbots, with the goal of identifying prevalent trends, design patterns, and features. In addition, we investigated existing research gaps, challenges, and shortcomings in the landscape of sexual health chatbots. Further, we proposed potential enhancements and directions for future research and development to create more effective chatbots in this field. A systematic search and screening of the literature from the past decade (2013–2023), extracted from seven databases, yielded a total of 1040 studies, out of which 29 articles were included in the final review following screening. The findings suggest that chatbots are usable and effective tools in sexual health education, persuasion, and assistance that are appreciated for their confidentiality, efficiency, and 24/7 availability. However, their performance is hindered by limitations such as restricted scope of knowledge and challenges in understanding user inputs. Additionally, constraints such as text-only input/output modalities and a predominant reliance on the English language limit their accessibility and acceptability. There is also a crucial need for more research in low-income or lower-middle-income countries, where individuals require increased sexual health education and support.

Innovative Ceramic Pattern Design and CAD Interactive Editing Method Driven by GAN Technology

Innovative Ceramic Pattern Design and CAD Interactive Editing Method Driven by GAN Technology

Design and deformation pattern simulation of deep excavation support structures

Design and deformation pattern simulation of deep excavation support structures

Examining Sustainable Urban Design Pattern by Explaining the Compatibility Model based on Density in Residential Fabrics of District 4th in Tehran City

Concerns about energy and climate change have taken center stage in urban studies in recent years. Buildings are the primary focus of the problem of maximizing energy efficiency in cities, and among the energy Additionally, the most crucial aspects of urban energy efficiency research are consumption, solar radiation energy on the one hand, and thermal energy demand on the other. These factors, together with other climatic factors, primarily influence the standard of life in urban areas. The main aim of research is to establish a model of sustainability in the physical form of the city, the primary objective of the current research is to extract the ideal framework and also the proposed model in the form of a structure for the concept of urban design in urban morphology, which is, on the one hand, the architectural scale of the buildings of the urban fabrics. In terms of structure, the current research is analytical-descriptive, and the method of data collection is in the form of documentation, survey, modeling and simulation using energy analysis software in the field of energy with a micro-analytical approach of urban climate such as Envi-met. For this reason, 4 morpho-types were evaluated in the context of the 4th district of Tehran, and the findings of the research show the difference between the optimal state and the current state of the evaluated parameters, and the amount of difference and the effect of added density in each morphological type of the effective range based on the index It explains that the high-rise building type has the most positive changes in the proposed conditions, and the compact types have lower values respectively. In the future researches, other morphological variables and adaptation modes with climatic parameters can also be investigated in order to achieve energy efficiency in other modes. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.545

Fabrication of Cellular Composite Structures with Continuous Fiber Reinforcement and Different Infill Patterns Using Fused Filament Fabrication

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a process of creating three-dimensional objects with complex geometries that is utilized in various engineering applications. Continuous carbon fiber (CCF) is a high-performance material that offers a range of benefits in terms of strength, weight, and durability. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a type of AM that uses a thermoplastic filament as a material with which to create a three-dimensional object, and it has been widely used in various applications, as it enables the faster, cheaper, and more customizable production of parts and products. Lightweight cellular composite structures consists of small, repeating unit cells that are interconnected to form a larger structure, and they are employed in high engineering applications. In this study, cellular composite structures were fabricated using FFF technology, considering two types of infill paths design (grid and triangular) manufactured at three infill density levels (20%, 40%, and 60%). After the fabrication process, tensile and flexural properties were experimentally investigated, and the influence of the infill pattern and density on the cellular composite parts were studied. The achieved results demonstrated that the infill design pattern and its density had great influence on the mechanical properties of the cellular structure. The obtained results also showed that the lightweight cellular composite parts had great potential for use in structural applications.

Experimental research on the mechanical properties of alkali-resistant glass fiber concrete acting as tunnel seismic isolation layer under periodic cyclic dynamic loading

The installation of seismic isolation layer is an effective measure to ensure the safe operation of underground projects such as tunnels during extreme seismic activities. Material parameters, mechanical properties, and design patterns of the seismic isolation layer are key research topics in exploring effective reduction of seismic response. This study mainly focused on the dynamic performance of the seismic isolation layer in tunnels. A series of drop hammer impact tests and laboratory shaking table tests were performed to reveal the seismic features of the seismic isolation layer under periodic external loading. The test results indicated that all cracks in the specimen initiated from the center and dispersed outwards under the cycle impact of the drop hammer. The incorporation of alkali-resistant glass fibers in concrete (AR-GFRC) effectively provided "reinforcement " and "crack resistance" under cyclic loading of the drop hammer, and the minimum number and width of cracks were observed at a 0.75 % HD fiber content and a 0.5 % HP fiber content. In the x- and y-axis directions, the seismic isolation layer effectively mitigated peak acceleration, strain response, and displacement at the tunnel vault and invert, but significant nonlinearity was identified. When the thickness of seismic isolation layer was 10 mm, the peak seismic response of the lining were minimum at a 0.75 % HD fiber content and a 0.5 % HP fiber content. However, the thickness of the lining was not directly related to the destruction of the lining. The tunnel mainly experienced shear deformation in the x-axis direction, with significant deformations from the left arch waist to the right arch foot (45°-225°), resulting in transverse cracking. The tunnel primarily underwent tensile and compressive deformation in the y-axis direction, with significant deformations occurring in the inverted vault (0°-180°), resulting in tension and circumferential cracks. This research can provide valuable data support and reference for the design and construction of underground projects such as tunnels.

Integrating Microservices and Microfrontends: A Comprehensive Literature Review on Architecture, Design Patterns, and Implementation Challenges

Purpose: This paper discuss the current trends in the combination of microservice and microfrontend as well as the architecturalstrategies and implementation issues. The rationale for the research is thus to examine how these technologies aid theimprovement and growth of today’s web applications. Design/Methodology/Approach: An analysis of existing literature published over the last decade of scholarly articles, articles ofindustry and conference proceedings were done. Thus, the work under discussion focuses on the architecture of differentpatterns, design, and tactics concerning microservices and microfrontends’ implementation. A comparative analysis was alsomade to compare the benefits, disadvantage as well as the effect on performance of these integration techniques. Findings/Results: From the analysis, it can be seen that microservices and microfrontends enhance modularity, scalability, andmaintainability of Web applications considerably. There have been certain specific complications which have rich remedies inform of design patterns like Backend for Frontend and Server-side Composition. However, problems like enhanced difficultyof the coordination, dependencies management, and guarantee of the proper interaction between services remain. Originality/Value: Therefore, this paper has reviewed and presented an updated literature review of microservices andmicrofrontends integration, together with the current trends for future studies. The presented survey provides usefulinformation for scholars interested in utilizing these architectures to advance the domain of web application design. Paper Type: Literature Review

Design of a low-profile bi-directional radiated Fabry-Perot cavity antenna with independent forward and backward radiation based on metasurface technique

This paper introduces a novel Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) antenna design based on metasurface technique to achieve bi-directional radiation with independent forward and backward beam control capability and a low-profile configuration. Two pieces of partially reflective metasurface (PRMS) based on receiver-transmitter architecture with independent control of transmission and reflection phases are designed to serve as the upper and lower layers of the FPC antenna, respectively. By manipulating the transmission phase distribution of the two pieces of PRMS, designable independent multi-beam bi-directional radiation patterns can be achieved. For validation, two FPC antennas based on the proposed configuration are designed with different bi-directional radiation patterns. Proved by simulated results, Antenna 1 can achieve forward dual-beam and backward single-beam radiation simultaneously with a return loss of less than -10 dB at 10.4 GHz. The two beams of forward radiation point in the -45° and 35° directions, respectively, with gains of 7.42 dBi and 7.70 dBi. The gain of the single beam of backward radiation is 10.82 dBi. Antenna 2 can achieve a four-beam radiation pattern with both forward and backward dual beams. The beam directions of the four beams are -153°, -44°, 37°, and 146°, respectively. The gains in each direction are 5.45 dBi, 6.63 dBi, 5.97 dBi, and 5.22 dBi, respectively. The overall profile is 23.72 mm (0.81 λ) for both antennas. The prototype of Antenna 1 is fabricated and measured. The results are in good agreement with the simulated counterparts, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed design methodology.

A Design Pattern for a Single Reliable Addressing Wake-up Receiver Based on Low-Frequency Pattern Matcher

Wake-up receivers (WuRxs) allow wireless sensor nodes to run on battery power while maintaining asynchronous, low-latency communication. This paper focuses on WuRxs based on low-frequency pattern matchers (LFPMs). Many recent studies either investigate physical WuRx implementations or simulate WuRx-based protocols. Our goal is to address the challenges that arise when realizing WuRx-based protocols in hardware. These challenges are, that a packet activates unwanted WuRxs, an unreliable address space, and missing cluster broadcast capabilities. The proposed separation sequences and run-length limited patterns ensure a reliable address space. WuRxs based on LFPMs use a fixed pattern matching. Cluster broadcasts are enabled by the proposed variable Manchester coding. Typically, LFPMs use Manchester coding with an efficiency of only 0.5 bit/symbol. We introduce two non-Manchester coding techniques with higher efficiency: lookup table-based coding with an efficiency of 0.71 and 3S2B coding with an efficiency of 0.67.

Multiphysics machine learning framework for on-demand multi-functional nano pattern design by light-controlled capillary force lithography

Nature finds ways to realize multi-functional surfaces by modulating nano-scale patterns on their surfaces, enjoying transparent, bactericidal, and/or anti-fogging features. Therein height distributions of nanopatterns play a key role. Recent advancements in nanotechnologies can reach that ability via chemical, mechanical, or optical fabrications. However, they require laborious complex procedures, prohibiting fast mass manufacturing. This paper presents a computational framework to help design multi-functional nano patterns by light. The framework behaves as a surrogate model for the inverse design of nano distributions. The framework’s hybrid (i.e., human and artificial) intelligence-based approach helps learn plausible rules of multi-physics processes behind the UV-controlled nano patterning and enriches training data sets. Then the framework’s inverse machine learning (ML) model can describe the required UV doses for the target heights of liquid in nano templates. Thereby, the framework can realize multiple functionalities including the desired nano-scale color, frictions, and bactericidal properties. Feasibility test results demonstrate the promising capability of the framework to realize the desired height distributions that can potentially enable multi-functional nano-scale surface properties. This computational framework will serve as a multi-physics surrogate model to help accelerate fast fabrications of nanopatterns with light and ML.