Police Patrol Officers Research Articles

Unpacking Police Endorsement of Myths Surrounding Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Formation and Implications.

Drawing on a qualitative case study consisting of interviews with Danish police trainees, patrol officers, and police detectives, this article explores police endorsement of myths surrounding male-perpetrated intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) and its influence on police response to IPVAW incidents. The findings show that police officers begin to believe in the myths to cope with negative emotions arising from repeated exposure to IPVAW victims, who do not behave according to expected norms of being cooperative, responsible, and innocent. This makes police officers meet victims with skepticism, low spirit, and hopelessness, making them refrain from initiating further criminal investigations, opening criminal cases, and pursuing arrests.

Обучение сотрудников патрульно-постовой службы полиции преодолению речевых провокаций со стороны граждан

Abstract: Introduction. The article describes one of the typical difficult professional situations associated with checking documents from a citizen. The growing negative psychological impact on the personnel of the internal affairs bodies and the law enforcement system is emphasized. As an example of reflecting such an impact, the results of approbation of the author’s Methodology for creating templates for
 overcoming verbal provocations from citizens are given.
 Research methods – theoretical analysis of scientific literature and regulatory legal acts; questionnaire survey, content and frequency analyses, expert assessments, self-assessment.
 Results. The article presents the results of a formative experiment on the ex-ample of the professional activities of police patrol officers. It is shown that the developed methodology for creating templates to overcome speech provocations by citizens: a) allows you to reflect the negative psychological impact exerted by citizens; b) can be attributed to express training methods for police patrol officers; c) increases the state of psychological security and professional success in difficult service situations. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the introduction of the topic of psychological security of police patrol officers in professional situations containing speech provocations of citizens into the circle of scientific problems; and in the theoretical justification of the organizational and methodological solution to this problem. The practical significance of the study lies in the description and implementation of the method of express training for employees of internal affairs bodies on protection from negative psychological impact by developing a Method for creating templates to overcome speech provocations from citizens.

О проявлениях группового стиля в служебной деятельности сотрудников патрульно-постовой службы полиции

The relevance of studying the group style in the official activities of the police patrol officers is revealed. Separate approaches of scientists to understanding the group style of activity are presented, incl. in relation to the activities of police officers. The subject of the article is the manifestations of the group style of official activity of the police patrol officers. Based on the structure of the professional actions of the SWSP employees and a preliminary analysis of video recordings of activities, 240 SWSP employees were studied, 180 of which were borrowed from video materials on Internet resources (www.youtube.come) and 60 were the author’s personal observations of employees in real conditions. As a result of the psychological analysis of the manifestations of the group style of service activity of the police patrol officers, a constructive group style of activity is distinguished, which is distinguished by the coordinated and effective performance of joint professional actions (tactical, psychological, legal, preventive, etc.) and a non-constructive group style of activity, characterized by illiterate performance group actions and uncoordinated professional interaction of employees. It is concluded that the greatest number of mistakes by the officers of the patrol service of the police is made in joint professional psychological actions that provide the cognitive, prognostic and communicative aspects of joint activities. The necessity of the integrated work of a partner, commander, psychologist in order to assist in the development of a constructive group style of activity and its psychological mechanisms, which increase the efficiency of law enforcement in public places, is indicated.

A field-experiment testing the impact of a warrant service prioritization strategy for police patrol officers

The objective of this experiment was to test the efficacy of providing prioritized warrant lists to patrol officers. A field experiment was carried out with the Greensboro (NC) Police Department. Warrant risk profiles were calculated from an analysis of historical offending; historical risk factors were used to implement prospective risk assessment for committing a violent crime while having an outstanding warrant issued during the field experiment. During the period from March 01, through July 31, 2019, people with warrants were randomly allocated to treatment or control. Outcomes included: number of warrants served, time to service, and average risk score of warrants served. Prioritization was not effective in promoting additional warrant service. No differences were found in the risk scores of people served. However, assessment of time to service suggested that warrants were served more quickly during the experimental period. Implementation of warrant prioritization had limited impacts; the process evaluation demonstrated the difficulty in modifying police patrol behaviors.

Peculiarities of the patrol police unit head’s job to ensure public safety and order during military operations

The rapid, full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia has left the country’s defence and security forces, such as the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, and the National Guard of Ukraine, in a state of focus, resilience, and need for clear leadership. Leaders have a key role to play in preventing staff from becoming deadapted and disoriented. They must ensure that the effort organisation is structured in such a way that positive results are achieved, and losses are minimised. The research aims to study the views and opinions of scholars and practitioners on the state of the managerial and organisational potential of heads of patrol police units whose main task is to ensure public safety and order. The study used scientific and empirical methods, in particular, the synergistic approach, graphical, comparison, analysis and synthesis, and questionnaires, based on which reasonable conclusions were drawn. Following the results obtained: the conclusion regarding gaps in the procedure for interaction between patrol police officers and some law enforcement agencies and the lack of special training for actions in extreme conditions were deducted. It is established that patrol police officers are guided by a sense of national patriotism, which is formed through persuasion, moral support, and the example of their superiors. The areas of cyber hygiene, first aid training and handling explosive devices are lacking. The analysis of the reports of the heads of the services showed a positive trend in reducing the number of offences and deaths on the country’s roads. The practical value of this study is that it is in demand, as it reveals the actual problematic issues of the professional competence of a patrol police officer who is involved every day in ensuring public safety and order in different regions of the country with atypical levels of threats and dangers. It is the basis for further scientific study and solution of problematic aspects of patrol police service in the context of martial law and active hostilities by the aggressor country

A comparative study of stress experienced by Swedish and Norwegian police officers.

Police officers work in a variable environment under different circumstances and often involves stressful situations. This include working irregular hours, ongoing exposure to critical incidents, confrontations and violence. community police officers are mainly out in the society and have daily contact with the general public. critical incidents can also consist of being criticized and stigmatized as a police officer, both from the public but also lack of support from their own organization. There is evidence on negative impacts of stress on police officers. However, knowledge about the nature of police stress and its various types is insufficient. It is assumed that there are common stress factors which are universal among all police officers in different contexts but there is a lack of comparative studies to provide empirical evidence. The aim of this study is to compare different types of stress among police officers in Norway and Sweden and how the pattern of experiencing stress has changed over time in these countries. The study population consisted of patrolling police officers from 20 local police districts or units in all seven regions in Sweden (n = 953) and patrolling police officers from four police districts in Norway (n = 678). A 42-item Police Stress Identification Questionnaire was used to measure the stress level. The findings show differences in types of stressful events as well as its severity among police officers in Sweden and Norway. The level of stress decreased over time among Swedish police officers whereas it showed no change or even an increase among the Norwegian participants. The results of this study are relevant for policy-makers, police authorities and lay police officers in each country to tailor their efforts to prevent stress among police officers.

Prevalence and factors associated with post traumatic stress disorder among field police patrol officers serving in Kampala Metropolitan region

BackgroundOccupation groups like police officers and fire fighters are exposed to a number of traumatic events which put them at a risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies have found the prevalence of PTSD in police officers to vary between 7 and 19%. However, most of these studies have been undertaken in western setting with little research having been undertaken in sub-Saharan Africa including Uganda.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among field police patrol officers serving in Kampala Metropolitan Police (KMP) North Region.MethodsThis was a cross sectional study that was conducted on 392 field police patrol officers serving in KMP North Region. Diagnosis of PTSD was undertaken using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5. In order to assess for psychiatric comorbidities, the study used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.)ResultsIn this study, the prevalence of PTSD was 7.4%. An additional 62.5% had sub-threshold PTSD, which was defined as, the presence of at least one PTSD symptom but not meeting full criteria for PTSD diagnosis. The factors found to be significantly associated with PTSD were all related to the presence of psychiatric comorbidities, namely the presence of: a current major depressive episode (aOR = 4.7; 95% CI: 1.5- 14.8; p = .009); an alcohol use disorder (aOR = 5.1; 95% CI: 2.0–13.0; p = .001); and presence of dissociation symptoms (aOR = 6.7; 95% CI: 2.0–22.2; p = .002).ConclusionPTSD is one of the common psychiatric disorders experienced by serving police officers in Uganda. The tendency of PTSD in this group to co-occur with other psychiatric disorders means that any treatment program to address it should be part of a comprehensive multi-disorder mental health treatment programme in the police office.

The Emergency Care Competence Needed for Police Patrol Officers According to the Experts

The Emergency Care Competence Needed for Police Patrol Officers According to the Experts

Directions for the implementation of foreign experience in operative and investigative counteraction to intentional murders by criminal police units (on the example of Canada and the USA)

Recently, scientific interest in the study of foreign experience in combating criminal illegality among domestic scientists is constantly growing, which indicates an effort to investigate the best preventive practices of separate countries and the search for ways of their implementation in Ukraine. However, with regard to the direct study of the foreign experience of operative and investigative countermeasures against intentional murders by police units of various foreign countries, there is a lack of such studies today, which increases the relevance of the chosen direction and gives prospects for determining effective practices using a targeted approach to combating deliberate murders and defining such a model of operative and investigative activity. The choice of an appropriate strategy by a particular state and the formation of an appropriate preventive program or a program to combat criminal wrongdoing is determined not only by the current criminogenic situation in this country and in the world in general, but also by the relevant historical, cultural and religious traditions. When considering the specifics of combating criminal wrongdoing in a particular country, it is necessary to take into account the country's membership of the corresponding criminological system. Modern criminology distinguishes Anglo-American, Western European, East Asian, socialist, Muslim and mixed criminological systems.
 The reforms that have been taking place in Ukraine recently require restructuring and a significant increase in the level of efficiency and quality of law enforcement agencies. First of all, these requirements apply to operational units, patrol police and community police officers. Successful implementation of the tasks assigned to these divisions is impossible without taking into account the best examples of the experience of countries such as Canada and the USA. The purpose of the article is to analyze the international experience of operational and investigative prevention of intentional homicides by criminal police units, as well as legislation that provides for the development of an effective system of prevention of intentional homicides in Ukraine. The task of the research is the analysis of various programs to combat intentional homicides that operate in different countries of the world, as well as the international experience of operative and investigative prevention of intentional homicides, which can become the basis for the development of appropriate Ukrainian legislation in this area. The positive international experience of operative and investigative prevention of intentional murders is analyzed. The experience of the USA in combating criminal wrongdoing, in particular intentional murders, is considered, and three models of preventive activity are distinguished and analyzed: the model of social institutions, the model of individual safety, and the model of influence through the environment. It was concluded that conducting a comparative analysis of the prevention of intentional homicides in different countries is the basis for the development of the most promising directions for improving domestic legislation in this area.

POLICING FORENSIC EVIDENCE

POLICING FORENSIC EVIDENCE

Job satisfaction among Swedish police officers: The role of work-related stress, gender-based and sexual harassment.

The aim of this cross-sectional study is to increase our understanding of job satisfaction in Swedish police officers by taking into account work-related stress, and sexual and gender-based harassment. Data were collected from 152 police officers working in vulnerable areas in Stockholm using sociodemographic questions, the Police Stress Identification Questionnaire (PSIQ), Sexual and gender-based harassment questions, and Job Descriptive Index (JDI). The obtained results indicated that male and female police officers reported the highest satisfaction in “people on your present job.” The lowest score of job satisfaction in both male and female police officers was related to “opportunity for promotion” and then “pay.” There were no significant differences in the subscales of job satisfaction between male and female police officers. The older and more experienced officers, the less satisfaction was reported in “job in general” and more satisfaction reported in “pay.” Comparing job satisfaction between patrol officers and those officers who worked in internal services showed police patrol officers had higher job satisfaction in “job in general,” “work in the present job,” “opportunity for promotion” and “supervision” compared to their counterparts in internal services. There were not any significant differences between the subscales of job satisfaction between male and female police officers. There was not any significant association between job satisfaction subscales and having experience of sexual or gender-based harassment. Among various subscales of police stressors, organizational stress was in negative relation with three domains of job satisfaction; “job in general,” “pay” and “supervision.” Also, hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed organizational stress was most often of predictive impact related to various job satisfaction domains in police officers.

Scientific tools for forming professional competence of patrol police officers

<p><span lang="EN-US">In this paper, the scientific sources analysis was presented. The peculiarities of the professional competence formation of the future patrol officers were determined. Moreover, the specifics of the service activity of patrol officers were considered. The original method for the formation of professional competence of modern police officers was substantiated and tested its effectiveness. The essence of this methodology was to introduce simulated situational tasks, aimed at forming the professional skills and abilities of future police officers. The pedagogical experiment involved students of the primary vocational training course applied in 2018 (n=183) who were studying at the center of primary vocational training “Police Academy” of the National Academy of Internal Affairs (Kyiv, Ukraine). An experimental (EG, n=93) and control (CG, n=90) group were formed. Cognitive and operational criteria evaluated the efficiency of the original methodology. The results of the pedagogical experiment indicated the greater efficiency of the original methods compared to the traditional one. A significant (р<0.05-0.001) improvement of the indicators “Knowledge of professional and practical course”, “Professional and practical skills formation” and “The effectiveness of solving scenarios” was designated. </span></p>

Police care in the activities of the Ukrainian National Police Units

The article describes the peculiarities and the place of such a novel in Ukraine police legislation as police care. It is devoted to the study of the relationship between the concepts of "care" and "police care". The grounds and conditions for the use of police care are determined problematic aspects of this police measure are analyzed. The peculiarities of police care for minors according to native legislative regulation are revealed. The status and categories of persons, who left out of care are determined. Special attention is paid to the lack of uniformity of legal requirements on the age of a person to whom police custody can be applied is drawn.
 The author stresses specific application of this police measure among preventive police measures and come to the conclusion about the need for further improving the provisions of Article 41 of the Law of Ukraine "On National Police" in order to comply with the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Psychiatric Care".
 She concludes that the normative principles of police care as a preventive police measure, defined in the Law of Ukraine "On National Police", on the one hand contain legislative novelties unknown the past practice of law enforcement, and on the other - the mechanism of their application needs clarification and specification, given the above gaps in legislation. The subjects of application of police care to the persons specified in Part 1 of Article 41 of this Law, first of all, are patrol police officers who make activities in a certain area of ​​the settlement or outside it. At the same time, the list of such persons needs to be specified and regulated, taking into account the analysis of the results of law enforcement practice.

Чесність у взаємозв`язках з механізмами психологічного захисту у поліцейських з різним рівнем професійного самоздійснення

The analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the problem of police honesty in the context of their professional activities is covered. The specifics of the manifestation of this quality are revealed and the importance of this feature in the practice of policing is determined. In domestic psychology, honesty is considered by scientists as a moral component of the police officer’s personality, which testifies to the reliability, psychological stability and devotion to their profession. In foreign studies, honesty is interpreted through the effectiveness of activities, the quality of contacts with society and willingness to perform their activities at all times. The purpose of the study is to determine the psychological characteristics of honesty in the relationship with the mechanisms of psychological protection in police officers who have different levels of professional self-fulfillment (PS). The objectives of the study were: 1) theoretical review of psychological studies, which highlights the problem of honesty of police officers as one of the main competencies in police practice and an essential criterion in the formation of mechanisms of psychological protection; 2) determining the specifics of the manifestation of honesty in police officers with different levels of professional self-fulfillment (PS). The empirical basis of the study was 87 patrol police officers of special forces. The age of the subjects ranges from 22 to 50 years. Experience of practical work in police units ranges from 4 to 20 years. With the help of «Questionnaire of professional self-fulfillment» by O. Kokun and using the method of clustering according to the principle of k - means, we formed three groups of subjects: low, medium and high levels of PS. The first group included police officers with a low level of PS – 43 persons; the second group with an average level of SF was 20 persons, the third group of high-level of PS was 24 persons. Police officers with a low level of PS (first group) and with a high level of PS (second group) were involved in further research. To achieve this goal, the following were used: the “Honesty” questionnaire presented by the AZPS laboratory and the “Lifestyle Index” questionnaire by R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman & H.R. Conte. To identify the relationship between indicators, the method of mathematical statistics was used – Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The correlation analysis allowed us to determine the place of honesty in the personality structure of police officers and to reveal the specifics of protective psychological mechanisms in police officers with different levels of PS. A group of police officers with a low-level of PS has two connections: one positive and one negative. Police officers with a high level of PS have two positive connections and one negative one.

A Study on Influence of Police Patrol Officer’s Job Stress on Burnout

이 연구는 경찰 지구대에서 근무하는 경찰관의 직무스트레스가 직무소진에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위한 목적으로 수행되었으며, 연구의 완성을 위하여 현직 지구대 소속 경찰관을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 얻어진 자료를 통계적 기법으로 가설을 검증하였다. 지구대는 민생치안의 최일선에서 치안서비스를 제공하는 부서로서 양질의 치안서비스를 제공하기 위하여 소속 경찰관들은 많은 노력을 하고 있으나, 직무의 난의도가 높고, 업무량이 많은 탓에 지구대 소속 경찰관은 많은 직무스트레스를받고 있다. 이러한 직무스트레스는 소속 경찰관들을 정신적ㆍ육체적으로 탈진시키기 때문에 경찰관 개인적으로도 큰 문제이지만 양질의 치안서비스를 생산하지 못하기 때문에 사회적 문제가 되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 지구대 소속 경찰관의 직무스트레스가 직무소진에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 직무스트레스를 구성하는 직무관련 스트레스는 감정고갈에 유의미한 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났으며, 보상관련 스트레스 또한 감정고갈에 유의미한 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 인적관계 관련 스트레스는 감정고갈과 직업효능감 감소에 유의미한 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타나 지구대 소속 경찰의 직무스트레스는 결국 직무소진에 일부 유의미한 영향을 끼치는 것이 증명되었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 문제에 적극적으로 대응하기 위한 매뉴얼 개선, 인사상ㆍ금전적 보상강화, 경직된 조직문화 개선을 제안하였다.

Начальное профессиональное обучение сотрудников патрульно-постовой службы полиции применению физической силы на основе использования сенсомоторного метода

The purpose of the study is to identify the possibility of using the sensorimotor method for modeling variable situations of the use of physical force by police officers and organizing the level structure of the sequential use of variable situations for training cadets and students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The scientific novelty lies in identifying the effectiveness of sensorimotor method in situational training of police patrol officers, which makes it possible to rank simulated situations of the use of physical force, including combat techniques of struggle by levels of complexity, and thereby realizing the didactic principle of consistency and accessibility of learning educational material. As a result, the effectiveness of the use of the developed sensorimotor method for teaching police patrol officers to use the physical method was proved.

Psychological preconditions for the implementation of the police officers` coping behavior in the context of adaptive perfectionism

The results of the study of psychological preconditions for the implementation of the police officers` coping behavior in the context of an adaptive form of perfectionism are presented. Based on the theoretical analysis of scientific developments of domestic and foreign researchers, it is proved that the types of orientations in difficult situations and tendencies in decision-making are psychological prerequisites for coping behavior, the constructiveness of which determines professional efficiency and positive personalization of the police officers. It is stated that one of the personal factors of overcoming behavior in conditions of professional stress, characteristic for the activity of the police officers, is perfectionism, which, on the one hand, is an important condition for the perfect performance of police duties, but on the other hand, causes ambivalent psychological consequences in accordance with its adaptive or maladaptive form of expression.
 The purpose of the study was to highlight the features of the functioning of the psychological conditions for the implementation of coping behavior of the police officers in the context of adaptive perfectionism. Certain psychodiagnostic techniques were used: the “Revised Perfectionism Scale” questionnaire (Slaney et al., 2001), the “Types of Orientations in Difficult Situations” method (Bitutka, Korneev, 2020) and the “Trends in Decision Making” questionnaire (Misuraca et al., 2015). The study was conducted with the involvement of two groups of patrol police officers. The first group consisted of subjects with an adaptive form of perfectionism (63 people), the second - subjects with a maladaptive form of perfectionism (39 people). It has been empirically proven that in the study of the types of orientations in difficult situations on the scales "Orientation to labor intensity (diligence)" and "Orientation to opportunities" the first group shows probably higher indicators, while in the second group probably higher indicators are recorded on scales "Orientation to obstacles" and "Loss-oriented (avoidance of difficulties)". The study of the trend in decision-making revealed that on the scale "Maximization" the indicator established in the second group is probably higher than the indicator recorded on this scale in the first group. On the «Satisfaction scale», a significantly higher rate was found in the first group than in the second. The prospect of further research is outlined, which is to study the psychological preconditions for the implementation of coping behavior by police officers, taking into account the levels of expression of various forms of perfectionism and imbalance of its adaptive form on the example of specialists from different police departments.

Sociability of patrol police officers as a key professionally important competence: an empirical study

The psychological analysis of the concept of "sociability" in the field of legal psychology is revealed, which is defined by researchers as a conscious act in communication, aimed at establishing friendly and trusting relationships. The purpose of the article is an empirical study of the psychological structure of the sociability of patrol police officers with different levels of communicative control. The study involved M. Snyder's "Diagnostic Methodology for Assessing Self-Control in Communication", with the help of which we divided the subjects into two groups: with low and high levels of communicative control. The first group consisted of subjects with a low level of communicative control in the number of 14 people, the second group included students with a high level of communicative control in the number of 25 people. 7 respondents with an average level were excluded from further research. O. Krupnov's "Test of judgments of the personality sociability studying" was used to diagnose the main components of sociability. For mathematical and statistical processing, cluster analysis using the k – means method was used. Quantitative processing of the results was carried out using Student's t-test.
 The obtained facts show that the police officers of the first group have some difficulties in the implementation of friendly behavior, and the police officers of the second group have the sociability formed as a major component of their professional activities. That is, police officers with a low level of communicative control have a better ability to have a casual and easy conversation. The first group needs a boost to be sociable, as they will prefer solitude rather than a forced conversation with a friend. Police officers with a high level of communicative control enjoy the communication process, often take the initiative, know how to build relationships and control themselves well in difficult and problematic communication conditions. The manifestation of sociability in this group of police officers is due to the need to meet the requirements of the profession and be as effective as possible in society.

Practice of Administrative and Jurisdictional Activity of Community Police Officers – Integral Part of the Principles for the Formation of Local and State Security Policy

The author has accomplished the analysis of the essence of organizational and legal principles of community police officers’ activity (hereinafter – CPO), their interaction with other divisions of the National Police of Ukraine, state authorities, local self-government agencies and communities. The author has analyzed a set of tasks, functions and powers of CPO and the current state of regulatory legal provision of community police officers activity: has outlined the algorithm of actions of community police officers within the combination of functions of district police officers and patrol police officers.
 The author has outlined the perspectives for more effective involvement of local residents into formation of local and state security policy through new mechanisms of cooperation with local communities and civil society institutions developed by the practice of police officers of territorial communities; the author has provided a number of propositions for the development of regulatory legal documents that would regulate the activities of community police officers. The author has studied the essence of interaction of police officers and members of the community, its legal principles and forms of realization, problems of regulation of the activity of the newly created law enforcement institution.
 A new format of work of a district police officer, based on the principles of combining the efforts of local self-government agencies and law enforcement agencies, has been characterized. The author has defined a number of gaps in the legislative and regulatory provision of community police officers’ activities, including the establishment of effective coordination between community police officers and local communities and the elimination of existing or possible competitive interest that may arise in the process of their joint activities.
 The determinant of lag of performing professional activity by community police officers from the standards of similar services of the European Union countries has been defined.

Possibilities of using modern communication technologies in patrol policeman's work

Introduction. Police officer's communicative readiness is made up of their knowledge, skills and abilities as well as their skills in using modern communication technologies. Aim. To substantiate the role of communicative competence and modern communication technologies in the work of patrol police. Results. The author discusses the components of communicative competence and their role in the work of patrol police as well as analyzes the communicative readiness of patrol police officers and the main factors in the development of their professional competence. Conclusions. Using certain state-of-the-art communication techniques, patrol officers can avoid most conflicts and remain stress-resistant in their work.