Patients Of Various Diseases Research Articles

Assessment of the level of herd immunity to measles virus, chickenpox and hepatitis B among medical workers in an infectious diseases hospital

Herd immunity is formed through vaccination in a certain group of people, the purpose of which is to prevent infection and spread of infectious diseases. Thanks to vaccination, the incidence of some infections has decreased several times, especially among risk groups. We consider medical personnel who are in constant contact with patients of various diseases to be one of the risk groups. The study analyzed data from 250 employees of an anti-tuberculosis dispensary, among whom the proportion of women was 86.0 %. The mean age was 51 ± 7.8 years. Among those surveyed, the share of doctors was 16.4 %, paramedical personnel — 37.2 %, junior medical personnel — 24.0 %, general non-medical personnel — 22.4 %. A selection was made from medical documentation on vaccination of dispensary employees (sanitary records, extracts from outpatient cards, vaccination certificates). The data was entered into the database, analysis was carried out using licensed software version Statistica 13. The purpose of our study was to study collective immunity against measles, chickenpox and viral hepatitis B among employees of an anti-tuberculosis hospital. All employees were found to have high titers of post-vaccination immunity to measles (3.1±4.1 IU/ml) and chickenpox (9.1±0.8 mIU/ml). Post-vaccination immunity to hepatitis B differed among those examined. 18.1 % of employees did not have postvaccination protective antibodies. In 16.4 %, the level of anti-HBsAg was low, which made it possible to immediately formulate and carry out revaccination against viral hepatitis B among these employees. In the majority of medical personnel, the titer of anti-HBs was sufficient. Preventive measures and high-quality work of epidemiologists are an extremely important link in the work of all medical institutions. Where the infection spreads spontaneously, where human will does not interfere, the level and collective susceptibility of the population are the main limiting factors of the epidemic process.

A Review on Therapeutic Effects of L-Carnitine: An Update

Metabolic syndrome and obesity are two major determinants for many noncommunicable diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes and cancer. Lifestyle modification, dietary interventions and weight loss are found to be efficacious remedies. In alternative medications, many functional foods and nutraceuticals have contributed significantly until now. L-carnitine is one of them, which is gaining importance as an ergogenic aid among athletes for muscle building and energy production. It has supported many medical therapies for the treatment of liver, heart and other diseases. It is available in pharmacological form as well as found naturally in various animal and plant foods. This review of recent clinical trials was aimed to show the efficacy and safety of carnitine supplements available in medicine form or food sources. The clinical outcome of various studies included for analysis indicated that when L-carnitine tablets (0.5 g-2 g) were given to intervention group patients of various diseases, for about 2-6 months duration, helped in a significant reduction of liver enzymes, blood sugar and bodyweight compared to controls. Furthermore, a few randomized clinical trials in which carnitine-rich low-fat animal foods on the Mediterranean diet were given in their recommended doses to patients, provided therapeutic benefits. The beneficial effects of lysine and methioninerich foods through the Green Mediterranean diet on vegetarians for endogenous carnitine synthesis have been reported. Large-scale clinical trials, including natural foods that would be cost-effective, long-term and safe for vegetarians, are warranted.

OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO UNDERSTAND THE PREVALENCE OF AAM LAKSHANA (SYMPTOMS OF AAM) IN VARIOUS DISEASES.

Introduction – Aam is unique concept in Ayurveda. Aam is important etiopathogenesis factor causing disease. One of the synonyms for disease is Aamay which is indicating the Aamodhbhav nature (originating from aam) of the disease. Thus, to find the correlation of Aam and the disease, this study was planned. Parallel prevalence of Aam symptoms were also traced in various diseases which are visiting to OPD, in day to day practice. Methodology – 80 patients of various diseases visiting to OPD were selected randomly irrespective of demographic variables. The 10 symptoms of Aam mentioned by Vagbhata were observed. The samatva score was calculated. Occurrence of each Aam symptom in all patients were noted. Discussion – The samatva score was more than 50% is observed in 65% patients i.e. in 47 patients among 80. As the nature Aam is guru, picchil, causing obstruction, 9 symptoms out of 10 were observed in more than that of 50% patients. The most prevalent symptom of Aam was Anilmoodhata. Result – There is positive correlation between samtva associated with disease. The most common observed symptoms of Aam were Anilmoodhata & balabhramsha and the least common was Nishthiv.

Blood Donation Systems in Bangladesh: Problems and Remedy

Every year patients of various diseases need blood. Among them some need regular transfusion of blood. Hence, safe blood save life but unsafe one takes life. Ensuring regular flow of safe blood is a great challenge for the community in developing countries. Various public and private organizations are working for this purpose. Although the number of blood donor is increasing, there is still a huge gap in demand and supply of blood. A study has conducted to find out problems in getting blood donor in Bangladesh. Data have been collected from 430 respondents in different urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Moreover, in depth interviews have conducted with hospital authority, blood donating organizations, public and private organizations and volunteers who work for various blood donating organizations. This study finds that patients need blood for delivery case (76%), surgery (55%), kidney diseases (33%), thalassemia (37%) and anemia (41%). About 48% blood seekers report that they require about 19-24 hours for managing each bag of blood. The seekers also report that they collect blood from relatives (77%), blood donating organizations (33%) and blood bank (26%). About 26% donors report that they have to pass more than 6 km for blood donation. They also spend money more than 100 taka (12%) for this purpose. Before and during blood donation, donors face several problems such as transportation problem (38%), coping with emergency case (32%), unskilled staff (29%), health related problem (15%) and lengthy cross checking process (35%). There are a number of people want to donate blood willingly. However, they can’t donate due to lack of available communication with blood seekers. Maintaining database of donors, training staffs and using technologies and machines for blood donation process can solve problems in blood donation.

Prevalence of Adhyashana in patients attending IPGT and RA Hospital and its effect on health

Adhyashana is a technical term of Ayurveda, which means eating before digestion of previous food. All the ancient classics describe the ill effects of Adhyashana. Charaka mentioned it as a prime causative factor for Grahani dosha. It is also said that Adhyashana can cause severe and incurable diseases or even death. All these references indicate the importance of Adhyashana as one of the health destroying factors, and yet this subject remained untouched by the Ayurvedic scientists for research. The present study was carried out to search the prevalence of Adhyashana in the patients of various diseases. For this purpose a survey study was planned and a total of 235 subjects attending outpatient and inpatient department of the Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research Hospital were surveyed. Among these patients 62.98% were found to be habituated to Adhyashana. Purishvaha Srotodushti was found in a maximum number of patients, which was 42%. Status of the disease was Krichchhra saadhya in maximum of these patients.

Abstract 4633: A novel screening marker for breast cancer composed of plasma free amino acid concentrations “AminoIndex”

Abstract Introduction Amino acids balance is changed in patients of various diseases due to metabolic transition while it is maintained in healthy human. For example, it is known to change in liver dysfunction, renal failure, and cancers. Therefore, it is expected that the detection of metabolic transition using amino acid profiles is a promising screening marker of various cancers. We previously showed significant changes of plasma amino acid profiles and discriminating functions using plasma amino acid concentrations “AminoIndex” in various cancer patients including breast cancer. In this study, further possibilities of “AminoIndex” for breast cancer were investigated by case-control study from multiple medical facilities. Subjects and Methods Plasma samples were collected from Japanese breast cancer patients those were hospitalized in three hospitals and finally diagnosed before any medical treatment (N=295). Those of controls were also collected from subjects who were undergone comprehensive medical examination at two hospitals (N=2,147). Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured by LC-MS. Among them, 90 patients (30 from each hospital) in chronological order and 450 age-matched control subjects were chosen as training data set. And the rest (205 patients and 1,697 controls, respectively) were used as test data set to valid the inferred “AminoIndex”. Using training data set, plasma amino acid concentration were compared and then “AminoIndex”, multivariate logistic regression function composed of plasma amino acid concentrations, was inferred to discriminate breast cancer from control subjects. Results Plasma concentrations of several amino acids were significantly changed in breast cancer patients compared to control subjects. Predicted “AminoIndex” for breast cancer was resulted the multivariate logistic function composed with six amino acids. To evaluate the performance of the index predicted, the ROC curve for each predictive score was calculated, and this gave an AUC of ROC of 0.764 using the study data. Then, validation of predicted “AminoIndex” was performed using test data set, resulting almost same diagnostic performance. Furthermore, predicted “AminoIndex” showed notably features; the index could discriminate breast cancer patients almost equally in any stages, and the index showed not only higher discrimination performance than those of existing tumor markers but also distributed independently of the levels of various tumor markers. Therefore, predicted “AminoIndex” would be suitable for screening and early detection of breast cancer patients. Conclusion and Perspectives In this study, we demonstrated that change of plasma amino acid profile would be an indicator of breast cancer and a helpful tool for early detection of breast cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4633.

Abnormal Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell: Another Clone in Hematological Malignancy?.

The growth, differentiation, and survival of normal hematopoietic stem cells as well as bone marrow (BM) cancer cells are regulated closely by the BM microenvironment. In case of lymphoma, recent study has demonstrated that the endothelial cells (not lymphoma cells) in the lymphoma microenvironment have the same chromosomal abnormality to that of lymphoma cells themselves. Besides, in our prior study, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from BM of patients with various hematological malignancies may have different surface antigens expression as comparing to normal control (Leukemia, 2005, doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403795, published online 19 May 2005). We therefore hypothesize that the MSCs isolated from BM of patients with hematological malignancies are “different” to those of normal and may probably has the same chromosomal abnormality as to that of the hematological cancer cells. In this study, cytogenetic studies were performed on both BM-blood cells and BM-derived MSCs at the same time by using method of conventional G-banding. At submission of this abstract, we have just examined 4 specimens obtained from patients of various diseases as well as normal adult (see table). Surprisingly, we identified a new chromosomal translocation, t(3;9)(q25;q31), on the BM-derived MSCs of a patient (Case 1 of the table, Figure 1) with acute promyelocytic leukemia harboring t(15;17) on the BM blood cells. Besides, a complex chromosomal abnormalities was found in a male patient of AML (Case 2 of the table, Figure 2). Though he has received a successful allotransplant 2 years ago and the BM blood cells had completely converted to donor type (normal 46 XX), the BM-derived MSCs were still recipient in origin and having a chromosomal abnormality that was different to the BM blood cells (45, -Y) at initial diagnosis of AML. BM-derived MSCs from a patient of CML and normal adult were normal. It is still too early to making a solid conclusion at present and we are now analyzing more specimens to look into the phenomenon we found. However, this is a new field in leukemic research that deserved further investigation and our novel finding indicates that abnormal cells (another clone?) may present in the BM stroma of patients with hematological malignancies.Chromosomes of BM-blood cells and MSCsCase No.DiseasesChromosomes of BM-blood cellsChromosomes of BM-MSCsCase 1APL, at diagnosis46 XX, t(15;17)(q21;q11)46 XX, t(3;9)(q25;q31). (see figure 1)Case 2AML (45, -Y at diagnosis), after allotransplantNormal 46 XX (male patient, female donor)46 XY, t(7;22)(p22;q11); del(13)(q12q22); del(15)(q15?). (see figure 2)Case 3CML, at diagnosis46 XY, t(9;22)(q34;q11)Normal 46 XYCase 4Normal adultNormal 46 XYNormal 46 XY [Display omitted]

Covalent binding of a bucillamine derivative with albumin in sera from healthy subjects and patients with various diseases.

To investigate the difference of pharmacokinetics of thiol-containing drugs in various disease states, we studies the covalent binding of SA3786, a bucillamine derivative, with proteins in patient serum compared with that in healthy serum. Sera from healthy volunteers and patients of various diseases were supplied by the Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital. For the formation of conjugate experiments, SA3786 was added to a final concentration of 7 x 10(-4)M. After 6 h incubation at 37 degrees C, HPLC analysis of 5 microliters aliquots of each sample was performed using a column of N-methylpyridinium polymer (4VP-Me). The extent of HSA-SA3786 conjugate formation was found to be lower in the sera from healthy volunteers (control) than those from patients of various diseases. Especially high reactivity with SA3786 was observed in sera from rheumatic patients and hepatic patients. With the exception of the fraction of mercaptoalbumin (fHMA), none of the parameters showed a good correlation with conjugate formation. The parameter fHMA must be considered to be one of the most important factors in formation of conjugates between plasma protein and thiol compounds. However, other factors may be involved in addition to fHMA although the nature of these factors is not clear.

SOD; problems of assay methods and activities in patients of various diseases

SOD; problems of assay methods and activities in patients of various diseases

ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTRA ON THE BLOODS IN DISEASED CONDITIONS

Bloods from normal volunteers and patients of various diseases were examined using the electron spin resonance technique at -196°C in a liquid nitrogen. Three major signals were detected ; g=4.2 for Fe (III) in transferrin, g=2.05 for Cu (II) in ceruloplasmin and g=2.00 for free radical.Electron spin resonance spectroscopy was found to be a good tool for monitoring the variation of blood metal elements and free radical in various disorders and for analysing the metabolic disturbance of oxidation-reduction system in the body.In vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs, Fe (III) and free radical signals were lower than those of the normal while Cu (II) signal was much higher. Such an abnormal pattern was demonstrated from the bloods of patients suffered from influenza. A possible value of vitamin C on these patients was discussed.

Significance of complement activation in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia of "warm type".

To study possible relationships between serum C3 and C4 levels and fixation of complement components (C) on red cells, 79 patients of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia of warm type (AIHA) and 7 patients of various diseases with positive direct antiglobulintest (DAT) but without haemolysis were investigated. 23 out of 79 patients with AIHA were analyzed repeatedly during the course of the disease. There were no significant differences of C levels between the various clinical types. However, the number of patients with reduced levels of C3 and C4 was significantly higher among cases with C fixation on the red cells than among those with fixation of immunoglobulins alone. Changes were more pronounced for C4 than C3 and mean values of serum C4 were significantly lower in the group with C fixation. If incomplete warm haemolysins were demonstrable, C4 levels were lower than in cases without warm haemolysins. During the clinical course, C3 and C4 concentrations showed a close correlation to the severity of haemolysis.

Hypotriglycedemic action of synthetic ACTH.

The hypotriglycedemic action of ACTH was investigated in the hyperlipemic patients of various diseases. This effect was apparent within 30 min after intravenous injection of the hormone and lasted up to 96 hr when it was administered intramuscularly. ACTH had no effect on the serum cholesterol or phospholipid concentration. As possible causes of this effect of ACTH, fatty acids mobilization and lipoprotein lipase activation were excluded and hepatic involvement was suggested.

Glucose tolerance test performed in the afternoon.

The availability of afternoon glucose tolerance test for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was investigated. Fifty grams glucose tolerance test was performed twice in 52 patients of various diseases, i.e., one test was made in the morning and another was done in the afternoon after taking an ordinary breakfast alone. No significant difference was seen between the two tests. Hence, we can use the glucose tolerance test for the diagnosis of mild diabetes in the afternoon instead of the test in the early morning without any change of criteria. There was also no significant difference in the plasma insulin response to glucose ingestion when it was given in the morning or in the afternoon.

Studies on a Simplified Method for the Determination of the Serum Protein Bound Iodine and its clinical Application

For the clinical applications of serum protein bound iodine, the method for its determation has to be more simplified and the data should be highly reliable. Along this line, the author contrived a new method applicated the distillation method.The gaseous iodine produced by reduction was gathered directly into the solution (pH 8.3) of arsenious acid with NaHCO3. The celium solution was added to this solution which was acidified by H2SO4 for producing Ce-As system, thus the serum protein-bound iodine would be estimated by its discoloration.At first, iodine in the blood specimen was estimated from the standard curve previously prepared, secondary, the blank values were determined as PBI values, hereafter the serum protein-bound iodine estimation was made. Results of the recovery test for this new method distributed within the ranges from 88 to 107 per cent (avarage 95 per cent). The parallel tests showed their differences from 0.2 to 0.77 per 100ml. According to these results we may conclude the date obtained by this method has high accuracy.The normal level obtained by this method was 4.5-8.0γ per 100ml. (avarage 6.2γ per 100ml.).The datas in patients of various diseases were obtained as follows : Pulmonary tuberculosis : 5.5 to 13.0γ per 100ml.hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis : 8.2 to 19.3γ per 100ml.tumor of the pituitary gland : 7.0 to 9.5γ per 100ml.diabetes mellitus : 3. 7 to 9. 6γ per 100ml.Struma Simplex : 5.2 to 7.3γ per 100ml.obesity : 2.5 to 6.8γ per 100ml.hypothyroidism (with incomplete clinical symptoms) : 1.9 to 3.5γ per 100ml.myxoedema : 1.8 to 2.8γ per 100ml.Simmonds' Disease : 3.6 to 4.7γ per 100ml.Nephrosis : 3.5 to 5.6γ per 100ml. Conclusively, the author introduced a new simplified method of serum protein-bound iodine determination and reviewed the datas estimated by this method.

Studies on the Candida-group in Saliva and Feces in Healthy Persons and Patients of Various Diseases

Studies on the Candida-group in Saliva and Feces in Healthy Persons and Patients of Various Diseases

A NEW METHOD (G-METHOD) FOR TESTING FUNCTION OF LIVER BY MEANS OF GLUCURONIC ACID

It is known that glucuronic acid, beside strongly accentuating the function of the liver, has the effect of detoxifying various toxic substances in living organisms by agglomerating and forming so-called agglomerate glucuronic acid. By measuring the time required for coagulation of serum to which glucuronic acid (Glonsan) is added and heat is applied, a marked difference in the length of time was observed between liver diseases, normal subjects and patients of various diseases. The author then utilized this difference for testing the function of the liver and obtained the following results in clinical practice.Experimental Method: 0.5cc of the tested serum was taken in a small test-tube, 0.5cc of glucuronic acid solution containing 50mg of glucuronic acid was added to it and mixed by shaking, placed in a bath preheated to 60°C and the time required for the coagulation of the serum (disappearance of all fluidity) was measured, to estimate the existence or the degree of liver detsturbance. When the time was shorter than 25min. the result was marked negative (-), when between 25 and 30min. quasi-positive (±), when 30-35min. weakly positive (+), when 35-40min. moderately positive (++), when 40-45min. strongly positive (+++) and when more than 50min. extremely positive (++++).Results: All the 20 normal subjects showed negative results, while the 8 acute hepatitis cases, the 6 hepatic cirrhosis cases, the 17 hepatic carcinoma cases and the 2 cases of other liver diseases showed positive G-reaction in every case (100%). The Gros's tests conducted simultaneously showed the rates of positive reaction of 50%, 80%, 87.5% and 100% respectively, while those of Takada's tests were 60%, 100%, 76.4% and 100% per group. In almost all cases of non-hepatic diseases, the results of G-reaction tests were negative, and animal experiments showed that the grade of positiveness rose in parallel with the rise in the degree of the functional disturbance of the liver.

Studies on the Riboflavin in the Blood of Patients of Various Diseases

Studies on the Riboflavin in the Blood of Patients of Various Diseases

Some Studies of Riboflavin Metabolism in the Human Bodies (II) : Load Test of Riboflavin in Patients of Various Diseases

Some Studies of Riboflavin Metabolism in the Human Bodies (II) : Load Test of Riboflavin in Patients of Various Diseases