Patients In Clinical Environment Research Articles

Barriers to ethical treatment of patients in clinical environments: A systematic narrative review.

It is essential that healthcare providers display ethical behavior toward their patients. Despite development of codes of ethics for clinical practice, the occurrence of unethical behaviors toward patients is alarmingly high. The present study was conducted to identify the barriers to ethical treatment of patients in clinical environments. Through systematic narrative review, the present study investigated the barriers to ethical treatment of patients. This study was carried out in line with Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 and Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Ethical challenges in clinical environments can be classified into two categories: "organizational factors" and "personal factors." Organizational factors consist of three domains: managers and regulations, organizational environment, and human resources. Personal factors consist of two domains: factors related to patients and their families and factors related to care providers. Research shows that encouraging healthcare teams to adopt ethical behaviors through education and having them persistently observe ethics in their clinical practice will not completely bridge the gap between theory and practice: it seems that the clinical environment, the personal characteristics of healthcare team members and patients, and the organizational values of the healthcare system pose the greatest barrier to bridging this gap. Accordingly, in addition to raising healthcare providers' awareness of the existing issues in clinical ethics, measures should be taken to improve organizational culture and atmosphere.

Pain Facial Expression Recognition from Video Sequences Using Spatio-temporal Local Binary Patterns and Tracking Fiducial Points

Monitoring the facial expressions of patients in clinical environments is a necessity in addition to vital sign monitoring. Pain monitoring of patients by facial expressions from video sequences eliminates the need for another person to accompany patients. In this paper, a novel approach is presented to monitor the expression of face and notify in case of pain using tracking fiducial points of face in video sequences and spatio-temporal Local Binary Patterns (LBPs) for eyes and eyebrows. The motion of eight fiducial points on facial features such as mouth, eyes, eyebrows are tracked by Lucas-Kanade algorithm and the movement angles are recorded in a feature vector which along with the spatio-temporal histogram of LBPs creates a concatenated feature vector. Spatio-temporal LBPs boost the proposed algorithm to capture minor deformations on eyes and eyebrows. The feature vectors are then compared and classified using the Chi-square similarity measure. Experimental results show that leveraging spatio-temporal LBPs improves the accuracy by 12% on STOIC database.

Real-Time Closed-Loop Functional Electrical Stimulation Control of Muscle Activation with Evoked Electromyography Feedback for Spinal Cord Injured Patients.

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a neuroprosthetic technique to help restore motor function of spinal cord-injured (SCI) patients. Through delivery of electrical pulses to muscles of motor-impaired subjects, FES is able to artificially induce their muscle contractions. Evoked electromyography (eEMG) is used to record such FES-induced electrical muscle activity and presents a form of [Formula: see text]-wave. In order to monitor electrical muscle activity under stimulation and ensure safe stimulation configurations, closed-loop FES control with eEMG feedback is needed to be developed for SCI patients who lose their voluntary muscle contraction ability. This work proposes a closed-loop FES system for real-time control of muscle activation on the triceps surae and tibialis muscle groups through online modulating pulse width (PW) of electrical stimulus. Subject-specific time-variant muscle responses under FES are explicitly reflected by muscle excitation model, which is described by Hammerstein system with its input and output being, respectively, PW and eEMG. Model predictive control is adopted to compute the PW based on muscle excitation model which can online update its parameters. Four muscle activation patterns are provided as desired control references to validate the proposed closed-loop FES control paradigm. Real-time experimental results on three able-bodied subjects and five SCI patients in clinical environment show promising performances of tracking the aforementioned reference muscle activation patterns based on the proposed closed-loop FES control scheme.

Inertial Sensor-Based Variables Are Indicators of Frailty and Adverse Post-Operative Outcomes in Cardiovascular Disease Patients.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with intrinsic cardiac cause for falling have been found to be frail and submissive to morbidity and mortality as post-operative outcomes. In these older CVD patients, gait speed is conjectured by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) as an independent predictor of post-operative morbidity and mortality. However, this guideline by STS has not been studied adequately with a large sample size; rather it is based largely on expert opinions of cardiac surgeons and researchers. Although one’s gait speed is not completely associated with one’s risk of falls, gait speed is a quick robust measure to classify frail/non-frail CVD patients and undoubtedly frail individuals are more prone to falls. Thus, this study examines the effects of inertial sensor-based quick movement variability characteristics in identifying CVD patients likely to have an adverse post-operative outcome. This study establishes a relationship with gait and postural predictor variables with patient’s post-operative adverse outcomes. Accordingly, inertial sensors embedded inside smartphones are indispensable for the assessment of elderly patients in clinical environments and may be necessary for quick objective assessment. Sixteen elderly CVD patients (Age 76.1 ± 3.6 years) who were scheduled for cardiac surgery the next day were recruited for this study. Based on STS recommendation guidelines, eight of the CVD patients were classified as frail (prone to adverse outcomes with gait speed ≤ 0.833 m/s) and the other eight patients as non-frail (gait speed > 0.833 m/s). Smartphone-derived walking velocity was found to be significantly lower in frail patients than that in non-frail patients (p < 0.01). Mean Center of Pressure (COP) radius (p < 0.01), COP Area (p < 0.01), COP path length (p < 0.05) and mean COP velocity (p < 0.05) were found to be significantly higher in frail patients than that in the non-frail patient group. Nonlinear variability measures such as sample entropy were significantly lower in frail participants in anterior-posterior (p < 0.01) and resultant sway direction (p < 0.01) than in the non-frail group. This study identified numerous postural and movement variability parameters that offer insights into predictive inertial sensor-based variables and post-operative adverse outcomes among CVD patients. In future, smartphone-based clinical measurement systems could serve as a clinical decision support system for assessing patients quickly in the perioperative period.

Medical Consequences of Marijuana Use: A Review of Current Literature

With the advent of legalization of marijuana for medicinal and recreational purposes, and the increase use of marijuana, healthcare providers will be increasingly confronted with marijuana users as patients in clinical environments. While there is vast literature regarding the societal and mental health harms associated with marijuana use, there is a paucity of reviews of the potential consequences of marijuana use on physical health or medical conditions. We examine the recent literature on the physical harms associated with illicit and legal marijuana administration. We surveyed the peer-reviewed medical literature from 1998 to 2013 of studies assessing the association of marijuana use and physical diseases. We conclude that healthcare providers should be cognizant that the existing literature suggests that marijuana use can cause physical harm. However, evidence is needed, and further research should be considered, to prove causal associations of marijuana with many physical health conditions.

Determination of human body volume from height and weight.

ArticleDetermination of human body volume from height and weight.J Sendroy Jr, and H A CollisonJ Sendroy Jr, and H A CollisonPublished Online:01 Jan 1966https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1966.21.1.167MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited BySegmental bioelectrical impedance analysis for Korean older population with cold pattern1 December 2022 | Frontiers in Nutrition, Vol. 9Body volume estimation equation for male laborers in Taiwan24 February 2020 | International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, Vol. 27, No. 4Investigating Optimal Chemotherapy Options for Osteosarcoma Patients through a Mathematical Model6 August 2021 | Cells, Vol. 10, No. 8Kinematic Analysis of Water Polo Player in the Vertical Thrust Performance to Determine the Force-Velocity and Power-Velocity Relationships in Water: A Preliminary Study5 March 2021 | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18, No. 5YY Paradox: Findings from a Community Based Study in North India10 March 2022 | National Journal of Community Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 08Optimizing circadian drug infusion schedules towards personalized cancer chronotherapy27 January 2020 | PLOS Computational Biology, Vol. 16, No. 1A Non-contact Human Body Height and Weight Measurement Approach Using Ultrasonic Sensor6 June 2019Further improvement in a criterion for human stability in floodwaters6 August 2018 | Journal of Flood Risk Management, Vol. 12, No. 3New probabilistic risk assessment of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate: Comparing the genotoxic effects of trans - and cis -EHMC30 March 2016 | Environmental Toxicology, Vol. 32, No. 2Body Surface Area29 April 2017A Transmitter—Receiver System for Long-Range Capacitive Sensing ApplicationsIEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 65, No. 10Neural network-based visual body weight estimation for drug dosage findingThe heart of a dragon: 3D anatomical reconstruction of the ‘scaly-foot gastropod’ (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neomphalina) reveals its extraordinary circulatory system18 June 2015 | Frontiers in Zoology, Vol. 12, No. 1Libra3D: Body weight estimation for emergency patients in clinical environments with a 3D structured light sensorBody Surface Area4 May 2016New criterion for the stability of a human body in floodwaters14 February 2014 | Journal of Hydraulic Research, Vol. 52, No. 1Mathematically Derived Body Volume and Risk of Musculoskeletal Pain among Housewives in North India6 November 2013 | PLoS ONE, Vol. 8, No. 11Trihalomethane exposures in indoor swimming pools: A level III fugacity modelWater Research, Vol. 45, No. 16Evolution and Prospects for Intracranial Pharmacotherapy for Refractory Epilepsies: The Subdural Hybrid NeuroprosthesisEpilepsy Research and Treatment, Vol. 2010Body composition in spinal cord injuryArchives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 66, No. 4Significance of Primary T Wave Aberrations in the Electrocardiogram of Asymptomatic Young Men18 January 2010 | Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 85, No. 2Hypothalamic syndrome with hypernatremia and muscular paralysisThe American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 51, No. 3Steroid output in healthy young men of college ageMetabolism, Vol. 19, No. 5CORRELATION OF SOMATIC, BIOCHEMICAL, PERCEPTUAL, AND RORSCHACH DATA ON 40 HEALTHY MALE SUBJECTSPsychophysiology, Vol. 6, No. 6Psychophysiological correlation of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in 21 pairs of monozygotic twinsJournal of Psychosomatic Research, Vol. 14, No. 1 More from this issue > Volume 21Issue 1January 1966Pages 167-72 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1966.21.1.167PubMed5903906History Published online 1 January 1966 Published in print 1 January 1966 Metrics