HLA Typing Of Patients Research Articles

HLA ANTIGENS IN GREEK FAMILIES WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA(CAH)

Data on HLA typing in patients with CAH have indicated an association of certain forms of CAH to specific HLA antigens. We looked for HLA ABC antigens in 136 subjects belonging to 41 families, of hellenic origin, with one or two members affected with CAH, and in 380 apparently normal individuals who served as controls. For the calculations only one affected member from each family was inserted. We found the HLA B14 antigen in 42.8% of cases with the latent form of CAH (LF) versus 5% of the controls (p 0.001). The HLA B7 antigen was found in 23% of subjects with the salt wasting form (SW) versus 7.6% of the controls (p 0.05). The A3 antigen was found in 41% in SW versus 17% of the controls (p 0.02). All indiviluals with SW and HLA B7 antigen have A3B7 haplotype. No other antigens showed an association to any form of the disease. More specifically the HLA B5 antigen, found by others in increased frequency in the simple virilizing form of CAH, was not found increased in our group (35.5% in the affected versus 33.1% in the controls). Thus while the B14 antigen seems to be associated with a specific form of CAH in individuals of different ethnic and geographical background, this is not so with other CAH associated HLA antigens. The interpretation of this heterogenuity is only speculative at present.

The Association of HLA and Immune Responses to Bovine Collagen Implants

The HLA type of patients with various kinds of immune reactions to bovine collagen implants were evaluated to determine a possible genetic basis for such responses. All patients suffering adverse clinical reactions to bovine collagen implants were lacking the HLA-DR4 antigen. All patients who received multiple bovine collagen injections without having adverse clinical reactions were lacking HLA-B5 and HLA-DR5 and had a significantly increased incidence of HLA-DR4. Combinations of histocompatibility antigens may influence immune response to bovine collagen implants.

Histocompatibility (HLA) antigens and eye diseases other than uveitis

In recent years, numerous studies on the possible associations of histocompatibility (HLA) antigens with various eye diseases other than uveitis have been carried out. This paper presents, discusses and evaluates the results of these studies. Undoubtedly, apart from acute anterior uveitis, HLA-typing has very limited usefulness in the practive of clinical ophthalmology. Many reported HLA associations with other eye diseases have not been confirmed by subsequent studies. However, a sizable residuum of highly significant and reproducible associations between HLA antigens and several eye diseases remains, suggesting that HLA-typing in patients with these diseases may contribute to the understanding of pathogenesis and etiology and may prove a valuable prognostic indicator for some diseases.

HLA type of patients with coeliac disease and malignancy in the west of Ireland.

HLA, A, B, and DR typing was done on seven of 10 patients with lymphoma, and six patients with carcinoma, all of whom had a flat small intestinal mucosa. Sixty-nine per cent (nine of 13) had HLA B8 and 71% (five of seven) had DR3. The corresponding levels for the local coeliac population are 76% and 84% respectively and the local non-coeliac population 43% and 44%. Two of the patients with lymphoma had a child with coeliac disease. The histological type of the lymphoma was malignant histiocytosis of the intestine in seven, histiocytic lymphoma in two, and was not classifiable in one. The similarity of the HLA type suggests that the flat mucosa in both groups is due to coeliac disease.

The mucocutaneous syndromes — Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson and Ectodermosis erosiva pluriorificialis

Summary The confusing terminology in the literature reflects the diverse presentations and inter-relationship of the mucocutaneous syndromes (MCS). An historical review is presented in an attempt to clarify the terminology and relate it to the experience of these disorders in one infectious disease unit. Over a 31-year period (1948–1979), 78 patients with MCS were admitted to the Infectious Disease Unit (I.D.U.) of the City Hospital, Edinburgh. Of these 56 were fully documented and were broadly comparable with patients from other earlier series except that associated infections were diagnosed in a higher proportion of cases (46 per cent). Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the commonest single organism identified. Since associated infections are probably more common than was previously suspected, all patients with MCS should have a wide range of microbiological investigations carried out. This report also confirms the well-known association of MCS with medication and especially with antimicrobial agents, a factor which confuses both aetiology and pathogenesis. Clinical similarities between MCS and Kawasaki disease are noted and discussed. HLA typing of patients with MCS suggested an association with BW15, and since this antigen has also been implicated in Kawasaki disease common immunogenic mechanisms may be operating.

Histocompatibility types in Parkinson's disease

HLA-A, B, and C antigens were determined in 52 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and HLA-D antigens in 29 patients. In comparison with a representative sample of the Finnish general population, no significant deviations in HLA types of patients with Parkinson's disease were found. The patients with a slowly progressing disease had Cw3 antigen more often than the patients with a rapid progression.

Diabetic Nephropathy in a Patient With Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young

• A 27-year-old woman with maturity-onset diabetes of the young had a nephrotic syndrome and congestive heart failure. Studies disclosed severe diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. The patient's HLA type at the A and B loci did not contain markers previously associated with diabetic vascular disease. To our knowledge, this is the first patient with maturity-onset diabetes of the young to be described with serious vascular disease and absence of previously described HLA markers for microangiopathy. (Arch Intern Med1981;141:791-792)

The role of alloimmunization in platelet survival studies.

The role of platelet alloimmunization in the survival of 51Cr-labeled allogeneic platelets was investigated in 89 patients with severe thrombocytopenias. The serological analysis included HLA typing of patients, screening of their sera in the lymphocytotoxicity test (LCTT), the platelet complement fixation test (PCFT), and the platelet radioactive anti-IgG test (PRAT; N = 38). Platelet donors were selected according to the best available HLA match and crossmatch in LCTT. Alloantibodies against HLA antigens were found in the sera of 17 patients (19.1%). No platelet-specific alloantibodies were detected. The use of compatible, allogeneic platelets permitted the discrimination of diminished platelet production from increased platelet turnover in thrombocytopenic patients with proven alloimmunization. Our results stress the necessity of a serological workup prior to platelet survival studies.

Increase of IgA-bearing Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Families of Patients with IgA Nephropathy

IgA-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes, serum IgA, urinary sediments and HLA types of patients with IgA nephropathy and members of their families were examined to elucidate whether some familial factors might be related to the development of IgA nephropathy. Ten patients with IgA nephropathy, 31 family members and 36 age-matched healthy persons were examined. All families included certain members with increased amounts of IgA-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes. The pattern of the emergence of family members with increased IgA-bearing lymphocytes was vertical. Some family members who had increased IgA-bearing lymphocytes showed microhematuria at the time of the study. There was no significant correlation between the amounts of IgA-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes and levels of serum IgA. HLA types of the ten patients did not show significant deviation from those in the general population. It is suggested that the measurement of IgA-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes among family members is useful for the screening of patients with IgA nephropathy.

HLA and Epidermolysis Bullosa

To our knowledge, the only reported epidermolysis bullosa (EB) type that was unlinked to the HLA system is the benign dominant EB simplex, Ogna's type.^1,2In this study, we report absence of close linkage, and, therefore, exclusion of true association for seven other genetic types of EB. A tabulation of HLA types in patients with recessive EB is fully consistent with the absence of association but illustrates the inefficiency of pure association tests between Mendelian traits as compared with linkage analysis via family studies. <h3>Patients and Methods</h3> The families with EB comprise patients who have been previously described^3-8and additional patients of Norwegian, Swedish, German and Irish-English origin. Clinical genetic classification includes old and recently established entities (Table 1).⁴The HLA types in Table 2 were investigated from 1972 to 1976. The data in Table 1 exclude close linkage in terms of negative lod scores (lods), ie,