Patient-specific Mold Research Articles

3D printed cranioplasty moulds and a 3D optical scanner: A novel approach to reconstruction of challenging post-traumatic defects

ObjectiveTo describe and assess two cases of a delayed post-traumatic recontouring of the frontal bone using a novel technique. Materials and methodsUsing rapid prototyping, patient specific sterilisable moulds were constructed from mirrored intact contralateral anatomy. The moulds were used intraoperatively to contour calcium phosphate cement at the bone defect. The accuracy of reconstruction was evaluated post operatively through comparisons of planned and actual reconstruction data from a three-dimensional optical scanner. ResultsThe contour of both defects was well restored clinically and there was no significant difference between the computer planned reconstructions and the actual reconstructions, with a mean difference of 0.4 cm3. ConclusionSupraorbital rim disruption, commonly associated with fracture of the frontal bone, can be difficult to reconstruct aesthetically. This technique is a time-efficient and accurate way to reconstruct three-dimensional facial anatomy.

Histo-MRI map study protocol: a prospective cohort study mapping MRI to histology for biomarker validation and prediction of prostate cancer

IntroductionMultiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is now widely used to risk stratify men with a suspicion of prostate cancer and identify suspicious regions for biopsy. However, the technique has modest specificity and...

Patient specific Polymethyl methacrylate customised cranioplasty using 3D printed silicone moulds: Technical note.

IntroductionCranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy can be performed with several techniques and materials. With the common use of 3D printing, custom cranioplasty can be produced at affordable cost. Aim of this technical note is to describe our technique for producing patient specific Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cranioplasty using 3D printed silicone moulds.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled seven patients from January 2020 to June 2021 who required surgery for cranioplasty. The 3D printing was used to produce silicone moulds for defining the exact shape of the PMMA cranioplasty, according to the CT scan of the patient.ResultsWe performed seven procedures. The mean time of the surgery was 80 min. All cranioplasties perfectly matched the patient specific anatomy. No complications occurred.ConclusionsUsing 3D printed patient specific silicone moulds and PMMA resulted to be effective, with affordable costs and ensuring a good cosmetic result.

P.209 Novel 3D printing for complex cranial reconstruction in neurosurgery - A case series

Background: Cranial reconstruction is a common consequence of neurosurgical disease and intervention following craniectomy, trauma, infection, congenital defects, or neoplasm. Most commonly, Computer Aided Design-Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology is utilized in cases where autologous bone cannot be used. These patient-specific implants provide excellent cosmesis, however individual costs range from $800-15,000, making routine use challenging in the current Canadian health care environment. Here we present a novel method using desktop 3D printers to manufacture patient-specific molds for intraoperative reconstruction of various cranial defects. Methods: Our first patient presented following two separate traumas requiring decompressive craniectomy and subsequent posterior fossa decompression without interval cranioplasty. The second patient required reconstruction during resection of intraosseous meningioma. Both cases were performed using a titanium-mesh/poly-methyl-methacrylate (Ti-PMMA) construct draped over the mold. The third case, cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy outside the country, was performed using a “two piece” mold and PMMA was casted into the mold and allowed to harden. Results: Patients reported satisfaction with cosmesis, without adverse outcomes. Cost per case was $50-100, representing an estimated cost savings of $685,000 per year in Canada. Conclusions: Given excellent outcomes in addition to cost effectiveness, this case series provides evidence for use of this alternate technique with similar patient outcomes.

Cost-Effective Cranioplasty Utilizing 3D Printed Molds: A Canadian Single-Center Experience

ABSTRACT:Background:Cranioplasty is a commonly performed neurosurgical procedure used to repair defects of the cranial vault. For large defects, 3D printing allows for the creation of patient-specific synthetic cranioplasties. Although these implants provide excellent cosmetic results for patients, costs are quite high. This makes their routine use challenging in the current Canadian healthcare environment. The purpose of this study is to report our experience with a novel, cost-effective method for cranioplasty using desktop 3D printers to manufacture patient-specific molds to aid in the shaping of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cranioplasty intraoperatively.Methods:A retrospective review of patients who underwent cranioplasty utilizing 3D printed custom molds was conducted at a single center between 2018 and 2020. Either a two-piece self-align or open-air mold was utilized. Material cost, as well as demographic, clinical, and radiologic data, was reviewed. A five-point ordinance scale was used to evaluate patient satisfaction with cosmesis.Results:Four patients had previous craniectomies with infected bone flaps, 2 patients had significant bony destruction from tumor invasion, and 1 patient had bone flap resorption. Three patients underwent an open-air mold technique with a Ti-mesh/PMMA-combined implant. The remaining 4 patients underwent two-piece mold with PMMA-only implant. All patients had ‘Good’ to ‘Excellent’ cosmetic outcome with one post-operative acute subdural hematoma and one post-operative infection. Two-piece mold resulted in improved cosmetic outcome and cost savings.Conclusions:3D printing can be used in a cost-effective manner to deliver good cranioplasty cosmesis. Wider adoption of this technique can result in significant healthcare cost savings without compromising patient outcome.

Technical report: Rapid intraoperative reconstruction of cranial implants using additively manufactured moulds.

During craniotomies, a portion of the calvarium or skull is removed to gain access to the intracranial space. When it is not possible to re-implant the flap, surgeons may repair the defect intraoperatively or at a later date. With larger defects being more difficult to repair intraoperatively, we investigated a method for the creation of patient-specific moulds for ad hoc bone flap reconstruction using rapid prototyping. Patient-specific moulds were created based on light scanned models of the defect, using custom software and rapid prototyping. Polymethylmethacrylate bone implants were created for three retrospective craniotomy cases and evaluated based on original flap and skull reconstruction accuracy. Bone implants created using our moulding method reconstruct the original flap and skull with an average reconstruction accuracy of 0.82 and 1.3 mm, respectively. Average skull reconstruction accuracy obtained by surgeons performing freehand implant reconstruction was 1.49 mm. Time needed to generate moulds was between 2 h and 45 min and 6 h and 20 min. Improvements to current printing technology will make this procedure technically feasible for future cranial procedures.

Simulation and Training of Needle Puncture Procedure with a Patient-Specific 3D Printed Gluteal Artery Model.

The puncture of the gluteal artery (GA) is a rare and difficult procedure. Less experienced clinicians do not always have the opportunity to practice and prepare for it, which creates a need for novel training tools. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of developing a 3D-printed, patient-specific phantom of the GA and its surrounding tissues to determine the extent to which the model can be used as an aid in needle puncture planning, simulation, and training. Computed tomography angiography scans of a patient with an endoleak to an internal iliac artery aneurysm with no intravascular antegrade access were processed. The arterial system, including the superior GA with its division branches, and pelvic area bones were 3D printed. The 3D model was embedded in the buttocks-shaped, patient-specific mold and cast. The manufactured, life-sized phantom was used to simulate the GA puncture procedure and was validated by 13 endovascular specialists. The printed GA was visible in the fluoroscopy, allowing for a needle puncture procedure simulation. The contrast medium was administered, simulating a digital subtraction angiography. Participating doctors suggested that the model could make a significant impact on preprocedural planning and resident training programs. Although the results are promising, we recommend that further studies be used to adjust the design and assess its clinical value.

Spatial density and diversity of architectural histology in prostate cancer: influence on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

To assess the influence of specific histopathologic patterns on MRI diffusion characteristics by performing rigorous whole-mount/imaging registration and correlating histologic architectures observed in prostate cancer with diffusion characteristics in prostate MRIs. Fifty-two whole-mount pathology blocks from 15 patients who underwent multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) at a single institution prior to radical prostatectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Regions containing individual morphologic patterns (N=21 patterns, including variations of cribriforming, expansile sheets, single cells, patterns of early intraluminal complexity, and mucin rupture patterns) were digitally annotated by an expert genitourinary pathologist. Distinct tumor foci on each slide were also assigned a Gleason grade and scored as having any high-risk histologic pattern. Digital sections were aligned to MRI using a patient-specific mold and registered using local mean weighted piecewise transformation based on anatomic control points. Density and presence of morphological patterns was correlated to apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) signal intensity using mixed effects model accounting for nested intra-foci, intra-patient correlation. Influence of intra-tumoral heterogeneity was assessed by affinity propagation clustering (APC) of morphology features and correlated to foci- and cluster-level ADC metrics. One hundred eleven distinct tumor foci were evaluated. Beta diversity, reflecting average morphology representation across inter- and intra-foci areas, demonstrated higher intra-tumor diversity within high-risk foci (P<0.05). ADC signal demonstrated an inverse correlation with foci-level Gleason grade (P>0.05), which was strengthened in cluster-level analysis for intra-foci regions containing high-risk morphologies (P=0.017). In voxel-based analysis, dense regions demonstrate lower ADC, but the presence and density for each morphology influenced ADC independently (ANOVA P<0.001). Architectural features influence ADC characteristics of MRI, with more complex tumors having lower ADC values regulated by presence and density of specific morphologies.

Intracavitary plesiotherapy as boost treatment in a patient of cancer cervix

Purpose: Mold brachytherapy is an age old treatment for superficial tumors. Vaginal mold brachytherapy for gynecological malignancies of vaginal vault and vagina is being practiced in different institutes across the globe. We are reporting the technical aspects of vaginal mold and optimal treatment to the patient. Materials and Methods: This is a case of Carcinoma Cervix International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics st-IIIA(lower one-third vaginal involvement) with residual disease in the anterior wall of lowerd one-third of vagina after the completion of external beam radiotherapy. The patient was reluctant for interstitial implant brachytherapy and hence was planned for vaginal mold brachytherapy with an aim to boost residual tumor. Five stainless steel Implant needles attached to the sorbo from 9'o clock to 3'o clock position with adequate spacing between the needles. Modeling wax, which is nearly tissue equivalent, was used for making mold. The material was molded into a cast cylindrically over the needles and sorbo homogeneously taking care that there were no air gaps. After taking aseptic precautions the cylindrical mold with needles and sorbo was inserted into the vaginal cavity and stabilized with a T-bandage. Computed tomography scan was performed and images were imported to treatment planning system. Clinical target volume was contoured along with organs at risk (bladder and rectum) and geometric optimization was done to obtain proper dwell times and positions where the D90was kept at 100% of the prescribed dose. Conclusion: Vaginal mold brachytherapy may be used as an alternative technique to interstitial implant brachytherapy as a boost treatment in vaginal malignancies. Patient-specific mold brachytherapy technique can be used in the cases where the target volume is superficial and limited to vagina. It is a minimally invasive technique which mimics the dose distribution of interstitial brachytherapy.

Patient-Specific Reconstruction Utilizing Computer Assisted Three-Dimensional Modelling for Partial Bone Flap Defect in Hybrid Cranioplasty.

Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving procedure in the setting of malignant brain swelling. Patients who survive require cranioplasty for anatomical reconstruction and cerebral protection. Autologous cranioplasty remains the commonest practice nowadays, but partial bone flap defects are frequently encountered. The authors, therefore, seek to develop a new technique of reconstruction for cranioplasty candidate with partial bone flap defect utilizing computer-assisted 3D modeling and printing. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of a new reconstruction technique that produces patient-specific hybrid polymethyl methacrylate-autologous cranial implant. Computer-assisted 3D modeling and printing was utilized to produce patient-specific molds, which allowed real-time reconstruction of bone flap with partial defect intra-operatively. Outcome assessment for 11 patients at 6 weeks and 3 months post-operatively revealed satisfactory implant alignment with favorable cosmesis. The mean visual analog scale for cosmesis was 91. Mean implant size was 50cm, and the mean duration of intra-operative reconstruction was 30 minutes. All of them revealed improvement in quality of life following surgery as measured by the SF-36 score. Cost analysis revealed that this technique is more cost-effective compared to customized cranial prosthesis. This new technique and approach produce hybrid autologous-alloplastic bone flap that resulted in satisfactory implant alignment and favorable cosmetic outcome with relatively low costs.

Cost-Effective Technique of Fabrication of Polymethyl Methacrylate Based Cranial Implant Using Three-Dimensional Printed Moulds and Wax Elimination Technique

Cranioplasty is one of the oldest known neurosurgical procedure performed. Many materials have been used for cranioplasty since ages. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has become the workhorse for fabrication of cranial implants since World War II in cases where autologous bone is not available or cannot be harvested. The aim of the present study is to present author's experience in the management of cranioplasty using acrylic implants fabricated using 2 different techniques. The author conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with extensive skull defects undergoing acrylic cranioplasties between October 2016 and January 2018. The surgical results were classified based on surgical time, blood loss, and the 3 scales of patient satisfaction, improvement of facial symmetry, and need for additional surgery along with the rate of wound complications. Thirty patients underwent cranioplasty with PMMA-based implants, whether fabricated using alginate impression technique (56.67%) or fabricated using 3-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific moulds (43.33%). Complications included infection (13.3%). The authors considered the craniofacial aesthetics based on patient satisfaction excellent (69%) with the degree of improvement of craniofacial symmetry satisfactory (92.3%), and 1 patient requiring resurgery in alginate impression technique fabricated implants. The author recommends a unique technique for fabrication of PMMA-based implants using 3D printed moulds to achieve a better fitting implant and highly cosmetic outcome for cranioplasty at affordable cost.

MP20-02 QUANTITATIVE TRANSRECTAL SHEAR WAVE ELASTOSONOGRAPHY UNDERGOING SALVAGE EXTRAPERITONEAL LAPAROSCOPIC RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOLLOWING FAILED RADIOTHERAPY

You have accessJournal of UrologyImaging/Radiology: Uroradiology II1 Apr 2018MP20-02 QUANTITATIVE TRANSRECTAL SHEAR WAVE ELASTOSONOGRAPHY UNDERGOING SALVAGE EXTRAPERITONEAL LAPAROSCOPIC RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOLLOWING FAILED RADIOTHERAPY Cheng Wei, Stephen Lang, Magdelena Szewczyk-Bieda, and Ghulam Nabi Cheng WeiCheng Wei More articles by this author , Stephen LangStephen Lang More articles by this author , Magdelena Szewczyk-BiedaMagdelena Szewczyk-Bieda More articles by this author , and Ghulam NabiGhulam Nabi More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.672AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate pre- surgical quantitative transrectal shear wave elastosonongraphy (SWE) in the detection and characterisation of radioresistant prostate cancer METHODS 12 men with recurrent prostate cancer following external beam radiotherapy were included in a prospective protocol driven study. All underwent MRI imaging and quantitative shear wave elastosonographic assessment of recurrent disease prior to salvage laparoscopic radical prostatectomy procedures. Images were used to construct 3-D mold printing and histopathological processing of surgical specimen. Statistical analysis including ROC were generated using software programmes. RESULTS There were 48 cancer foci identified on final histopathology using patient specific mold based approach in 12 patients. Mean number of lesion was 3.4 (range 2 to 4). Quantitative transrectal SWE showed a sensitivity and specificity 0.77 (95% CI 0.627 - 0.880) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.642 - 0.942) respectively. The diagnostic accuracy increased with increasing size of the lesions with overall AUC of 0.89. CONCLUSIONS In our series quantitative transrectal SWE showed a good diagnosed accuracy in the detection and characterisation of recurrent prostate cancer following failed radiotherapy treatment. These findings may help in targeting biopsies or future focal treatment options. © 2018FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 199Issue 4SApril 2018Page: e252 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2018MetricsAuthor Information Cheng Wei More articles by this author Stephen Lang More articles by this author Magdelena Szewczyk-Bieda More articles by this author Ghulam Nabi More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Craniofacial Reconstruction by a Cost-Efficient Template-Based Process Using 3D Printing.

Summary:Craniofacial defects often result in aesthetic and functional deficits, which affect the patient’s psyche and wellbeing. Patient-specific implants remain the optimal solution, but their use is limited or impractical due to their high costs. This article describes a fast and cost-efficient workflow of in-house manufactured patient-specific implants for craniofacial reconstruction and cranioplasty. As a proof of concept, we present a case of reconstruction of a craniofacial defect with involvement of the supraorbital rim. The following hybrid manufacturing process combines additive manufacturing with silicone molding and an intraoperative, manual fabrication process. A computer-aided design template is 3D printed from thermoplastics by a fused deposition modeling 3D printer and then silicone molded manually. After sterilization of the patient-specific mold, it is used intraoperatively to produce an implant from polymethylmethacrylate. Due to the combination of these 2 straightforward processes, the procedure can be kept very simple, and no advanced equipment is needed, resulting in minimal financial expenses. The whole fabrication of the mold is performed within approximately 2 hours depending on the template’s size and volume. This reliable technique is easy to adopt and suitable for every health facility, especially those with limited financial resources in less privileged countries, enabling many more patients to profit from patient-specific treatment.

Re: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Underestimation of Prostate Cancer Geometry: Use of Patient-specific Molds to Correlate Images with Whole-mount Pathology

Re: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Underestimation of Prostate Cancer Geometry: Use of Patient-specific Molds to Correlate Images with Whole-mount Pathology

Prostate Cancer: A Correlative Study of Multiparametric MR Imaging and Digital Histopathology.

Purpose To correlate multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and quantitative digital histopathologic analysis (DHA) of the prostate. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was approved by the local institutional review board and was HIPAA compliant. Forty patients (median age, 60 years; age range, 44-71 years) who underwent prostate MR imaging consisting of T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging along with subsequent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy gave informed consent to be included. Whole-mount tissue specimens were obtained with a patient-specific mold, and DHA was performed to assess the lumen, epithelium, stroma, and epithelial nucleus. These DHA images were registered with MR images and were correlated on a per-voxel basis. The relationship between MR imaging and DHA was assessed by using a linear mixed-effects model and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results T2-weighted MR imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of DW imaging, and high-b-value DW imaging were significantly related to specific DHA parameters (P < .01). For instance, lumen density (ie, the percentage area of tissue components) was associated with T2-weighted MR imaging (slope = 0.36 ± 0.05 [standard error], γ = 0.35), ADC (slope = 0.47 ± 0.05, γ = 0.50), and high-b-value DW imaging (slope = -0.44 ± 0.05, γ = -0.44). Differences between regions harboring benign tissue and those harboring malignant tissue were observed at MR imaging and DHA (P < .01). Gleason score was significantly associated with MR imaging and DHA parameters (P < .05). For example, it was positively related to high-b-value DW imaging (slope = 0.21 ± 0.16, γ = 0.18) and negatively related to lumen density (slope = -0.19 ± 0.18, γ = -0.35). Conclusion Overall, significant associations were observed between MR imaging and DHA, regardless of prostate anatomy. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Apparatus for Histological Validation of In Vivo and Ex Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Prostate.

This article describes apparatus to aid histological validation of magnetic resonance imaging studies of the human prostate. The apparatus includes a 3D-printed patient-specific mold that facilitates aligned in vivo and ex vivo imaging, in situ tissue fixation, and tissue sectioning with minimal organ deformation. The mold and a dedicated container include MRI-visible landmarks to enable consistent tissue positioning and minimize image registration complexity. The inclusion of high spatial resolution ex vivo imaging aids in registration of in vivo MRI and histopathology data.

Development of a high resolution MRI intracranial atherosclerosis imaging phantom

Background and purposeCurrently, there is neither a standard protocol for vessel wall MR imaging of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) nor a gold standard phantom to compare MR sequences. In this...

Improved imaging-pathology correlation with MR imaging-derived, 3D-printed, patient-specific whole-mount molds of the prostate.

44 Background: A critical requirement for imaging-pathology correlation is adequate image registration. Since the prostate is deformable, sectioning the gland in a plane similar to imaging is challenging. To improve the in vivo imaging and ex vivo histology image registration, 3D-printed, patient-specific, MRI-derived molds (PSMs) for whole-mount processing have been proposed. This study compared the anatomical registration of preoperative MRI and prostate whole-mounts obtained with PSMs versus conventional whole-mount sectioning (WMS). Methods: Based on an a priori power analysis, 50 men who underwent 3T prostate MRI followed by radical prostatectomy were included. Two blinded and independent readers (R1, R2) outlined the contours of the gland and of the tumor in the MRI using regions of interest (ROIs). These were compared with the ROIs from the whole-mount histology, the reference standard, using PSMs in the study group (n=25) or conventional WMS in the control group (n=25). The spatial overlap across the MRI and histology data sets was calculated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for the prostate overall and tumor. Results were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: The MRI-histopathology anatomical registration for the prostate gland overall and the tumor were significantly superior with the use of PSMs than with the use of WMS for both readers (Table). Conclusions: The use of PSMs for prostate specimen whole-mount sectioning provides significantly superior anatomical registration of in vivo multiparametric MRI and ex vivo prostate whole-mounts than conventional WMS. The use of PSMs should facilitate the exchange of information across imaging and pathology required for research and patient care. [Table: see text]

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Underestimation of Prostate Cancer Geometry: Use of Patient Specific Molds to Correlate Images with Whole Mount Pathology

We evaluated the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in determining the size and shape of localized prostate cancer. The subjects were 114 men who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging before radical prostatectomy with patientspecific mold processing of the specimen from 2013 to 2015. T2-weighted images were used to contour the prostate capsule and cancer suspicious regions of interest. The contours were used to design and print 3-dimensional custom molds, which permitted alignment of excised prostates with magnetic resonance imaging scans. Tumors were reconstructed in 3 dimensions from digitized wholemount sections. Tumors were then matched with regions of interest and the relative geometries were compared. Of the 222 tumors evident on whole mount sections 118 had been identified on magnetic resonance imaging. For the 118 regions of interest mean volume was 0.8 cc and the longest 3-dimensional diameter was 17 mm. However, for matched pathological tumors, of which most were Gleason score 3 + 4 or greater, mean volume was 2.5 cc and the longest 3-dimensional diameter was 28mm. The median tumor had a 13.5 mm maximal extent beyond the magnetic resonance imaging contour and 80% of cancer volume from matched tumors wasoutside region of interest boundaries. Size estimation was most accurate in the axial plane and least accurate along the base-apex axis. Magnetic resonance imaging consistently underestimates the size and extent of prostate tumors. Prostate cancer foci had an average diameter 11mm longer and a volume 3 times greater than T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging segmentations. These results may have important implications for the assessment andtreatment of prostate cancer.

Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging with digital histopathology in prostate.

We propose a systematic approach to correlate MRI and digital histopathology in prostate. T2-weighted (T2W) MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are acquired, and a patient-specific mold (PSM) is designed from the MRI. Following prostatectomy, a whole mount tissue specimen is placed in the PSM and sectioned, ensuring that tissue blocks roughly correspond to MRI slices. Rigid body and thin plate spline deformable registration attempt to correct deformation during image acquisition and tissue preparation and achieve a more complete one-to-one correspondence between MRIs and tissue sections. Each tissue section is stained with hematoxylin and eosin and segmented by adopting a machine learning approach. Utilizing this tissue segmentation and image registration, the density of cellular and tissue components (lumen, nucleus, epithelium, and stroma) is estimated per MR voxel, generating density maps for the whole prostate. This study was approved by the local IRB, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Registration of tissue specimens and MRIs was aided by the PSM and subsequent image registration. Tissue segmentation was performed using a machine learning approach, achieving ≥0.98 AUCs for lumen, nucleus, epithelium, and stroma. Examining the density map of tissue components, significant differences were observed between cancer, benign peripheral zone, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (p value <5e−2). Similarly, the signal intensity of the corresponding areas in both T2W MRI and DWI was significantly different (p value <1e−10). The proposed approach is able to correlate MRI and digital histopathology of the prostate and is promising as a potential tool to facilitate a more cellular and zonal tissue-based analysis of prostate MRI, based upon a correlative histopathology perspective.