Patient-perceived Quality Of Life Research Articles

Health-related quality of life is a predictor of readmission following emergency laparotomy.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional concept used to examine the impact of patient-perceived health status on quality of life. Patients' perception of illness affects outcomes in both medical and elective surgical patients; however, not much is known about how HRQoL effects outcomes in the emergency surgical setting. This study aimed to examine if patient-reported HRQoL was a predictor of unplanned readmission after emergency laparotomy. This study included 215 patients who underwent emergency laparotomy at the Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, between August 1, 2021, and July 31, 2022. Patient-reported HRQoL was assessed with the EuroQol group EQ5D index (EQ5D5L descriptive system and EQ-VAS). The population was followed from 0 to 180days after discharge, and readmissions and days alive and out of hospital were registered. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine HRQoL and the risk of readmission within 30 and 180days. Within 30days, 28.4% of patients were readmitted; within 180days, the number accumulated to 45.1%. Low self-evaluated HRQoL predicted 180-day readmission and was significantly associated with fewer days out of hospital within both 90 and 180days. Low HRQoL and discharge with rehabilitation were independent risk factors for short- (30-day) and long-term (180-day) emergency readmission. Patient-perceived quality of life is an independent predictor of 180-day readmission, and the number of days out of hospital was correlated to self-reported HRQoL.

Effects of routine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the sleep duration of patients with treatment-resistant depression: A prospective cohort study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of routine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the sleep duration, depressive symptoms, and quality of life of patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). In this prospective cohort study, 25 participants with TRD were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and four sleep duration components of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Depression severity was measured with Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and patient-perceived quality of life with the 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36). All of these measures were evaluated at baseline (T0), and immediately (T1), 6 weeks (T2), and 12 weeks (T3) after the end of intervention. At T1 endpoint, HDRS, BDI, SF-36, ISI, and three PSQI items (time to wake up, time taken to fall asleep, and Real Sleep Time) significantly improved, though these gains were reduced at follow-up endpoints (T2 and T3). Adjusting for confounders (age, sex, occupational status, BMI, and hypnotic medication) revealed that only improvements in HDRS, BDI, and time taken to fall asleep at T1 remained statistically significant. Linear regression analyses showed no significant association between reduced time taken to fall asleep and depression symptoms, suggesting rTMS can independently enhance this parameter, irrespective of depression resolution. Routine rTMS therapy can potentially enhance sleep duration in TRD individuals, alongside improved depressive symptoms and quality of life. However, these benefits tend to decrease over long-term follow-up, emphasizing a more pronounced short-term efficacy of rTMS.

Impact of Prostate Cancer Treatment with Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy on Testosterone: A Retrospective Analysis

Decrease in serum testosterone counts have been reported in the literature following external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), with a suggested association to low dose irradiation of the testes occurring with historical and modern external techniques. Low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy has been described as exposing the testes to between 2 and 19 cGy compared with 196-220 cGy with EBRT. This decrease in excess dose is hypothesized to spare post-treatment testosterone decrease and subsequent change in patient-perceived quality of life. Here, we retrospectively evaluate LDR-treated prostate cancer patient testosterone change in a single-institution patient cohort. Patients with prostate cancer who had previously received LDR brachytherapy were identified, and patients with prior baseline total testosterone lab values as well as a lab value within one year post-treatment were identified. Patients receiving concurrent androgen deprivation therapy or EBRT were excluded. The closest baseline values prior to and after LDR treatment were used for before/after comparison. Samples were compared using the paired t-test. A total of 1,463 patients receiving LDR were identified with data available for analysis between 1998 and 2023; of these, 139 patients met the above criteria for analysis. Mean age was 66 (median 67; range: 47 - 79). 5 patients received 110 Gy, 2 received 120 Gy, and the remainder 145 Gy, all conducted with I-125. Total mCi delivered ranged from 20.3 mCi to 56.7 mCi (median 37.6 mCi). Approximately 57% were GS6, 42% G7, and < 1% G8. Approximately 80% of patients had T1c disease, with 19% T2 and < 1% T3a. All patients were cN0M0. Mean pre- and post-treatment testosterone were 385.5 ng/dL and 382.9 (SD: 170.9, 150.9; mean difference 2.65 [95% CI: -15.6, 20.9]), respectively, with no statistical change noted (p = 0.774). Testosterone levels have been reported to drop following definitive EBRT owing to excess dose delivery to the testes. On review of our institutional experience in definitive LDR brachytherapy for patients treated without ADT administration, no change in testosterone levels were noted.

Nutritional State and COPD: Effects on Dyspnoea and Exercise Tolerance

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a disease that is spreading worldwide and is responsible for a huge number of deaths annually. It is characterized by progressive and often irreversible airflow obstruction, with a heterogeneous clinical manifestation based on disease severity. Along with pulmonary impairment, COPD patients display different grades of malnutrition that can be linked to a worsening of respiratory function and to a negative prognosis. Nutritional impairment seems to be related to a reduced exercise tolerance and to dyspnoea becoming a major determinant in patient-perceived quality of life. Many strategies have been proposed to limit the effects of malnutrition on disease progression, but there are still limited data available to determine which of them is the best option to manage COPD patients. The purpose of this review is to highlight the main aspects of COPD-related malnutrition and to underline the importance of poor nutritional state on muscle energetics, exercise tolerance and dyspnoea.

Survival and functional outcomes after total glossectomy with total laryngectomy: Case series from a high-volume tertiary institution

ObjectivesTotal glossectomy with total laryngectomy (TGTL) is indicated for some cases of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, this procedure is rarely performed, as quality of life outcomes are often considered poor. Consequently, few studies to date have reported survival and functional outcomes in patients undergoing TGTL. Here, we present the largest cases series to date of TGTL patients and provide relevant data on survival and functional outcomes. MethodsPatients met inclusion criteria if they underwent TGTL (concurrent or staged) indicated for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Patient demographics and disease characteristics, survival outcomes, functional oral intake scores, time to oral intake, gastrostomy tube dependence, and communication methods post-surgery were retrospectively extracted from the electronic medical record. ResultsSurvival in patients undergoing TGTL was poor. Most patients in this study were eventually approved for some oral intake of restricted consistencies but remained gastrostomy tube dependent for most of their nutritional needs. Baseline oral intake was suboptimal in most patients but often re-achieved approximately 12 months following surgery. Communication methods following surgery included writing, text-to-speech, and augmentative and alternative communication devices. ConclusionOur data provide new insights comparing survival and functional outcomes of patients undergoing TGTL. Additional investigation particularly on patient-perceived quality of life following TGTL is needed to better understand the risks and benefits for patients who are candidates for TGTL.

Propensity-matched Comparison between Chronic non-specific Low Back Pain and Axial Spondyloarthritis: Impact on patient-perceived Quality of Life.

Prospective study. To compare the burden between chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP) and axial spondyloarthropathy (SpA). Chronic non-specific LBP and SpA are two debilitating yet different chronic musculoskeletal disorders. To compare their burden, propensity score matching is used to control for potential confounders and match the study subjects. Two prospectively collected cohorts of LBP (n=269) and SpA (n=218) patients were studied. Outcomes included current LBP, 36-item short form (SF-36) questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire and EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). With the inherent differences between the two types of patients, propensity score matching was performed for comparing the two groups. Baseline covariates of age, gender, education level, occupation, smoking and drinking history were selected for the estimation of propensity scores for each subject with the logistic regression model. Significant independent variables for the outcome of current back pain were included in the multivariate logistic regressions. A total of 127 matched pairs were identified, with 254 patients. In the matched cohort, more patients with chronic LBP had current back pain (95.3%) as compared to SpA (71.7%). Patients with SpA were younger (P<0.001), with more males (P<0.001) and better educated (P=0.001). There were less current back pain and higher non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (P<0.001). Most SpA patients have lower ODI than LBP patients and with low disease activity. Patients with LBP had worse outcome scores as compared to SpA patients given the same VAS. LBP patients had 8.6 times odds (95%CI: 3.341-20.671; P<0.001) of experiencing current back pain compared to SpA patients. The disease activity of SpA patients is well-controlled. However, patients with chronic LBP have worse pain severity, disability and HRQOL. This has implications on resource utilization and necessity of advancing LBP understanding and management. Type I prognostic study.

Effect of a Multistrain Probiotic on Leaky Gut in Patients with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Background: A probiotic mixture prevented epithelial barrier impairment in various experimental models. The objective was to evaluate its effects in patients suffering from IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) with confirmed leaky gut. Methods: IBS-D patients with increased intestinal permeability measured by radionuclide tracers were enrolled in this pilot, open-label, prospective, interventional, single-center, Phase IV study. Patients received two capsules of a multistrain probiotic a day for 30 days and were evaluated by repeated intestinal permeability tests, the Bristol Stool Scale, and patient-perceived quality of life and satisfaction. Results: Of the 30 enrolled patients (mean age: 42.1 [SD: 13.1] years; female: 60%), 27 completed the study (full analysis set [FAS]), and 18 had no major protocol violation (per protocol set [PPS]). On D30, an improvement of intestinal permeability was observed in 81.5% of patients in FAS, normalization being observed in 37% of the participants (44% in PPS). The mean intestinal permeability was significantly decreased: baseline minus D30, 3.4 (95% CI: 1.7, 5.2); the IBS-QOL total score was significantly increased: D30 minus baseline, 8.0 (95% CI: 3.0, 12.9); and stool consistency was significantly improved. On D15 and D30, 96.3% of patients claimed that their IBS symptoms had been satisfactory alleviated, and a significant improvement was reported for the following VAS-IBS items: abdominal pain, diarrhea, and impact of gastrointestinal problems in daily life. Compliance and tolerance were satisfactory. Conclusion: The multistrain probiotic tested may reduce intestinal permeability in a considerable proportion of patients and may improve abdominal pain, stool consistency, and quality of life. These results pave the way for larger, placebo-controlled clinical studies.

Quality of life and cervical cancer chemoradiation treatment compliance at a safety-net hospital (500)

<b>Objectives:</b> The purpose of this study was to utilize a validated cervical cancer quality of life survey to investigate the relationship between patient-perceived quality of life (QOL) and radiation therapy compliance in a safety-net hospital since noncompliance with scheduled radiation significantly increases local recurrence risk for each day treatment is extended. <b>Methods:</b> This prospective, single-institution study included 94 patients undergoing definitive concurrent chemoradiation for cervical cancer from November 2017 to July 2021. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Cervical Cancer Version 4 (FACTCx) was used to assess QOL based on four subscales applicable to a broad population (Physical, Functional, Social/Familial, and Emotional) and one cervical cancer-specific subscale. Higher scores were associated with a higher quality of life. The survey was provided at the initial radiation consult, weekly during external beam radiation therapy, and follow-up appointments. FACT-Cx scores were evaluated over time and compared between compliant and noncompliant patients at baseline and each week of treatment using independent t-test analysis. Patient compliance and other clinical factors were abstracted from chart review. Noncompliance was defined as patient initiating (i.e., not due to weather closure or machine malfunction) and missing at least two radiation treatments. Time to noncompliance was defined as the radiation fraction at which the patient became noncompliant. <b>Results:</b> Twenty-seven of the 94 enrolled patients (28.7%) were non- compliant. Physical QOL of noncompliant patients was significantly impaired compared to compliant patients at baseline (Physical QOL, p=0.007) and at each of the first four weeks of radiation therapy. The functional QOL and cervical QOL scores of noncompliant patients were lower at baseline than compliant patients' scores, and the differences were statistically significant at each of the first four and five weeks, respectively. Differences between social QOL and emotional QOL scores at baseline and at each week of radiation were not statistically significant. The total QOL score of noncompliant patients was significantly lower compared to that of the compliant patients at baseline (Total QOL, p=0.010) and at each of the first five weeks. The median fraction when patients become noncompliant was 10 (IQR: 6-18). Change in QOL from baseline during treatment was not associated with patient-initiated noncompliance. <b>Conclusions:</b> This longitudinal prospective analysis suggests that multiple indicators of QOL, including physical, functional, and cervical well-being, are associated with noncompliance to therapy. The median fraction at which patients become noncompliant also suggests 2-3 weeks of treatment as the highest-risk time frame for patient-initiated noncompliance. Therefore, these results may be used to identify patients at risk of missing treatments and allow their physicians to intervene in a timely manner to improve treatment course and outcome.

Prevalence and Cumulative Incidence of Caregiver-Reported Aggression in Advanced Parkinson Disease and Related Disorders.

To estimate the point prevalence and cumulative incidence of caregiver-reported aggressive behaviors among people living with advanced Parkinson disease and related disorders (PDRDs) and secondarily examine variables associated with aggression. Caregivers from a clinical trial of outpatient palliative care for PDRD were surveyed about patient aggression at baseline and every 3 months over 12 months. Baseline responses were used for point prevalence. Cumulative incidence was calculated using responses from caregivers with no reported baseline aggression and available data at all other time points. Measures of disease severity, quality of life, mood, and caregiver burden were included in correlation and relative risk models, adjusting for age, sex, and diagnosis. Of 170 caregivers, 31 (18.2%) reported physical aggression, and 18 (10.6%) reported sexual aggression. Twelve-month cumulative incidence for physical and sexual aggression was 21.1% (23/109) and 16.0% (19/119), respectively. Physical aggression cumulative incidence was associated with patient depression (r = 0.37), patient-perceived quality of life (r = -0.26), caregiver burden (r = 0.26), caregiver-perceived patient quality of life (r = -0.26), and caregiver anxiety (r = 0.20). Age, sex, cognitive impairment, and dementia were not associated with aggression. No variables were associated with cumulative sexual aggression. There was a high prevalence and incidence of aggression in our PDRD cohort. This is an understudied issue in PDRD, and our findings highlight the need for increased awareness among neurologists. Providers should consider assessing for aggression when discussing neuropsychiatric symptoms or screening for caregiver burden. Future research should examine the relationship between aggression and patient and caregiver health outcomes. Clinical trial registration number: NCT02533921.

Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of interpersonal community psychiatric treatment (ICPT) for people with long-term severe non-psychotic mental disorders: a multi-Centre randomized controlled trial

BackgroundLong-term community mental health treatment for non-psychotic disorder patients with severe mental illness (SMI) who are perceived as difficult by clinicians, is poorly developed and lacks a structured, goal-centred approach. This study compares (cost-)effectiveness of Interpersonal Community Psychiatric Treatment (ICPT) with Care As Usual (CAU) on quality of life and clinician perceived difficulty in the care for non-psychotic disorder SMI-patients. A multi-centre cluster-randomized clinical tria was conducted in which Community Mental Health Nurses (Clinicians) in three large community mental health services in the Netherlands were randomly allocated to providing either ICPT or CAU to included patients. A total of 56 clinicians were randomized, who treated a total of 93 patients (59 in ICPT-group and 34 in CAU-group).MethodsPrimary outcome measure is patient-perceived quality of life as measured by the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA). Secondary outcome measures include clinician-perceived difficulty, general mental health, treatment outcomes, illness management and recovery, therapeutic relationship, care needs and social network. Patients were assessed at baseline, during treatment (6 months), after treatment (12 months) and at 6 months follow-up (18 months). Linear mixed-effects models for repeated measurements were used to compare mean changes in primary and secondary outcomes between intervention and control group of patients over time on an intention to treat basis. Potential efficiency was investigated from a societal perspective. Economic evaluation was based on general principles of a cost-effectiveness analysis. Outcome measures for health economic evaluation, were costs, and Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs).ResultsHalf of the intended number of patients were recruited. There was no statistically significant treatment effect found in the MANSA (0.17, 95%-CI [− 0.058,0.431], p = 0.191). Treatment effects showed significant improvement in the Different Doctor-Patient Relationship Questionnaire-scores and a significant increase in the Illness Management and Recovery–scale Client-version scores). No effects of ICPT on societal and medical costs nor QALYs were found.ConclusionsThis is the first RCT to investigate the (cost)-effectiveness of ICPT. Compared with CAU, ICPT did not improve quality of life, but significantly reduced clinician-perceived difficulty, and increased subjective illness management and recovery. No effects on costs or QALY’s were found.Trial registrationNTR 3988, registered 13 May 2013.

Patterns of coronal and sagittal deformities in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

BackgroundThoracic scoliosis has been shown to be associated with hypokyphosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, the relationship of sagittal spino-pelvic parameters with different coronal curve patterns and their influence on patient-perceived quality of life is unknown. This study aims to determine the association between coronal and sagittal malalignment in patients with AIS and to determine their effects on SRS-22r scores.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 1054 consecutive patients with AIS. The coronal Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), PI-LL mismatch (PI-LL), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS) were measured on standing radiographs. The coronal Cobb angle (mild: 10–20°; moderate: > 20–40°; severe: > 40°) and PI (low: < 35°; average: 35–50°; high: > 50°) were divided into 3 sub-groups for comparison. Relationship between coronal curve magnitudes and sagittal parameters was studied as was their association with SRS-22r scores.ResultsLow PI had smaller SS (30.1 ± 8.3° vs 44.8 ± 7.7°; p < 0.001), PT (− 0.3 ± 8.1° vs 14.4 ± 7.5°; p < 0.001), and LL (42.0 ± 13.2° vs 55.1 ± 10.6°; p < 0.001), negative PI-LL mismatch (− 12.1 ± 13.1° vs 4.1 ± 10.5°; p < 0.001) as compared to large PI. There were no significant relationships with PI and TK (p = 0.905) or curve magnitude (p = 0.431). No differences in sagittal parameters were observed for mild, moderate or severe coronal Cobb angles. SRS-22r scores only correlated with coronal Cobb angle and larger Cobb angles were negatively correlated with the function, appearance and pain domains.ConclusionsThe sagittal profile for AIS is associated with the pelvic parameters especially PI but not with the coronal curve pattern. All patients have a similar TK regardless of coronal curve type. However, it appears that the coronal deformity is a greater influence on quality of life outcomes especially those > 40°.

Comparing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concomitant with neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone in the treatment of breast cancer (DHA WIN): protocol of a double-blind, phase II, randomised controlled trial

IntroductionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment is prescribed to facilitate surgery and provide confirmation of drug-sensitive disease, and the achievement of pathological complete response (pCR) predicts improved long-term outcomes. Docosahexaenoic...

Shared decision making for men facing prostate cancer treatment: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Aims: To synthesize the empirical evidence on the effectiveness of shared decision making (SDM) compared to usual care for prostate cancer (PC) treatment.Methods and results: A systematic review of academic (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, PsychINFO, and Scopus) and grey (clinicaltrials.gov, WHO trial search, meta-Register ISRCTN, Google Scholar, opengrey, and ohri.ca) literature, also identified from contacting authors and hand-searching bibliographies. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs): 1) comparing SDM to usual care for decisions about PC treatment, 2) conducted in primary or specialized care, 3) fulfilling the key SDM features, and 4) reporting quantitative outcome data. Four RCTs from Canada (n=3) and the USA were included and comprised 1,065 randomized men, most (89.8%) of whom were in PC stage T1-T2. The studies reported 24 outcome measures. In 62.5% study estimates, SDM was similar to usual care at improving patient satisfaction and mood, and at reducing decisional conflict and decisional regret. In 37.5% study estimates, SDM significantly improved knowledge, perception of being informed and patient-perceived quality of life (QoL) at four weeks. There was a dearth of outcome data, particularly on the adherence to treatment and on patient-important and clinically relevant health outcomes such as symptoms and mortality.Conclusion: SDM may positively influence men’s knowledge and may have a positive but short-term effect on patient-perceived QoL. The (long-term) effects of SDM on patient-related outcomes for decisions about PC treatment are unclear. Future research needs consensus about the interventions and outcomes needed to evaluate SDM and should address the absence of evidence on health outcomes.

Abstract TP276: Health-Related Quality of Life Indices for Patients with Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Introduction: Assessments of health-related quality of life (QoL) are increasingly important for stroke patients; however, such data are lacking for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Using EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ5D), we describe factors associated with QoL, and explore associations between QoL and functional outcomes in ICH patients. Methods: Our study is a multisite prospective cohort aiming to examine comparative effectiveness of treating ICH patients at various levels of care across Texas. Consented patients undergo QoL assessments - including EQ5D - in-hospital and 90 days post-discharge. EQ5D health utility values (HUV) were calculated using published utility weights for US population. HUVs range from -0.11 to 1.00, with 0.00 and 1.00 representing patient-perceived QoL equivalent to death and perfect health, respectively. Median and interquartile range (IQR) are reported. Quantile regression was used to evaluate factors associated with HUVs, and we report difference in median (DIM) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference. Results: Thus far 158 patients have been enrolled in the study. EQ5D HUVs were obtained from 133 patients in-hospital and 62 patients at day 90. Median in-hospital and day-90 HUVs were significantly lower for patients with higher NIHSS and ICH scores. Patients with in-hospital complications, neurosurgical procedures, and longer length of stay also had lower HUVs (Table 1). There was a significant improvement in HUVs during 90-days post-discharge (DIM: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.24-0.51), and high day-90 HUVs were associated with good functional outcome (mRS 0-3) (Figure 1, DIM: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.51-0.78, p&lt;0.001). Enrollment continues; updated analyses to be presented. Conclusion: Our results indicate a correlation between QoL, and inpatient clinical parameters and functional outcomes. Assessment of QoL may be routinely conducted in ICH studies to generate evidence for comparative effectiveness.

Effects of progressive resistance exercise in akinetic-rigid Parkinson's disease patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Progressive resistance exercise (PRE) can have a positive effect in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effect of PRE may vary with the clinical subtype of PD. To date, no study has assessed the effects of PRE in the different subtypes of PD. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of PRE in PD patients with akinesia and rigidity (AR-subtype). A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Outpatients clinics of the Bierzo Parkinson Association (Ponferrada, Spain) and the Asturias Parkinson Association (Oviedo, Spain). Twenty-eight patients with AR-subtype PD were randomized into an Experimental Group (EG, N.=13) and Control Group (CG, N.=15). Static posturography (Centre of Pressure -CoP- parameters), gait (the Ten-Meter Walk Test [TMWT]), freezing of gait (the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire [FOG-Q]), the motor portion of the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and patient-perceived quality of life (the 39-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire [PDQ39]), were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and re-test. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (Borg >6-20 Scale) were recorded at the end of each PRE training session. The EG displayed significant ameliorations in Length (CoP parameters) from pre- to post-test (P=0.048), in speed of fast rhythm walking (TMWT) from pre- to post-test (P=0.000), and from pre- to re-test (P=0.027), and in the PDQ39 Score from pre- to post-test (P=0.024). No significant differences were detected in Area or Speed (CoP parameters), speed of preferred rhythm walking (TMWT), FOG-Q scores, or the motor portion of the MDS-UPDRS scores. The EG reported a mean RPE of 9.95 (between "very light" and "fairly light") for the whole training program. These findings provide support for the use of PRE training in the rehabilitation of individuals with AR-subtype PD, as it can improve static posturography, gait, and quality of life. Furthermore, RPE scores showed that individuals with AR-subtype PD consider that PRE training require only light efforts. The PRE training can be a helpful and fruitful rehabilitation tool for AR-subtype PD patients.

One-Year Swallowing Outcomes in Patients Treated with Prophylactic Gabapentin During Radiation-Based Treatment for Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Recent investigations by our study team have demonstrated patients using gabapentin for pain management during chemoradiotherapy (CRT) do well maintaining swallowing during treatment with less need for narcotic pain medication, PEG dependence, weight loss, and short-term swallowing morbidity. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the long-term swallowing function of these patients 1-year following treatment. Sequential patients receiving CRT for oropharyngeal cancer and concurrent gabapentin were evaluated 1-year following treatment for swallowing outcomes. Functional Oral Intake Scores (FOIS) were utilized to assess diet level. The MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) was chosen to evaluate patient perception of swallowing function. Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies were completed approximately 1 year after treatment to assess physiologic outcomes as well as Penetration Aspiration Scores (PAS). Data from 26 consecutive participants were available for analysis. The majority of patients had advanced stage disease (Stage 3-4). No patients had a PEG tube 1-year following treatment, and the mean FOIS score was 6.83. Pharyngeal deficits were infrequent with reduced pharyngeal constriction and prominence/early closure of cricopharyngeus predominating. Mean PAS score was 1.5, indicating that the majority of patients had either no laryngeal penetration/aspiration, or transient penetration that was fully cleared. Mean MDADI score was 85.52, indicating that, in general, patients perceived their swallowing to be minimally impaired. Patients receiving gabapentin pain management as part of a comprehensive dysphagia prevention protocol during CRT have excellent long-term swallowing outcomes as reflected in diet levels, physiologic functioning, and patient-perceived quality of life.

An open prospective study evaluating efficacy and safety of a new medical device for rectal application of activated carbon in the treatment of chronic, uncomplicated perianal fistulas

PurposeIt has been proposed that biological/chemical substances in the intestine might play a role in the occurrence and deterioration of perianal fistulas. Elimination of such unidentified factors from the lower gastrointestinal tract might offer a new strategy for the management of anal fistulas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects on non-Crohn’s disease perianal fistula healing, and the safety and tolerability of a new medical device that applies high-purity, high-activity granular activated carbon locally into the rectum twice daily of patients with perianal fistulas without any concomitant medication.MethodsAn open, single-arm, prospective study with active treatment for 8 weeks and an optional follow-up until week 24 (ClinicalTrial.gov identifier NCT01462747) among patients with chronic, uncomplicated perianal fistulas scheduled for surgery was conducted.ResultsOf 28 patients included, 10 patients (35.7%) showed complete fistula healing (closed, no discharge on palpation) after 8 weeks; seven of these patients, corresponding to 25% of the enrolled patients, remained in remission for up to 31 weeks. At week 8, there was a statistically significant reduction in the discharge visual analog scale (p = 0.04), a significant improvement in the patient-perceived quality of life for the category of embarrassment (p = 0.002), and a trend toward improvement in the other assessment categories.ConclusionsThe treatment was well tolerated, and patient acceptance was high. The results support the efficacy and safety of locally administered activated carbon for the treatment of patients with chronic uncomplicated perianal fistulas not receiving any other medication for fistula problems.

Quality of Life Assessment After Maxillomandibular Advancement Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Although maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery is highly efficacious for the management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), little information exists regarding the subjective effect of this treatment modality. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of MMA on patient-perceived quality of life (QOL) in OSA. A retrospective cohort study of patients treated with MMA for OSA from May 2010 to April 2015 was performed. The primary outcome measure was a change in the QOL detected using the Ottawa Sleep Apnea Questionnaire (OSA-Q), which assesses the MMA-related changes in QOL with a5-point Likert scale. The secondary outcome measure was a change in the apnea hypopnea index (AHI). Twenty-two patients participated in the present study. The mean maxillary and mandibular advancement were 8.36 and 11.08mm, respectively. The AHI decreased from 42.4 to 6.9 events per hour postoperatively (P < .001). The QOL improved significantly after MMA (OSA-Q score 3.98 ± 0.35; P < 001). The sleep quality (4.35 ± 0.63), daytime function (4.13 ± 0.46), physical health (4.19 ± 0.45), mental and emotional health (4.02 ± 0.55), and sexual health (3.78 ± 0.62) categories all improved postoperatively (P < .001). The MMA-related side effects did not adversely affect the QOL. MMA for OSA significantly improves patient's subjective overall QOL, with few MMA-related side effects.

Comparison of Quality of Life Perceived by Patients with Bioprosthetic versus Mechanical Valves after Composite Aortic Root Replacement

Objective: To assess whether postoperative quality of life (QOL) for composite aortic root replacement patients differs according to whether it is based on the use of mechanical valves or bioprosthetic valves. Methods: The study included 146 consecutive patients who underwent composite aortic root replacement at our institution from January 2010 to April 2014 with bioprosthetic (34.9%, n = 51) and mechanical (65.1%, n = 95) valves. Patient-perceived QOL was measured by administering the Short Form (SF)-36v2 Health Survey and a series of supplemental questions to further evaluate valve-specific differences. Final survey participation (n = 121) included 82.9% of the qualifying patients, and involved 76.5% (39/51) of those with bioprosthetic valves and 86.3% (82/95) of those with mechanical valves. Reasons for not completing the survey included 5 expired patients (3.4%), 1 lost due to a language barrier (0.7%), 6 who refused to participate (4.1%) and 13 who were lost to follow-up (8.9%). The mean follow-up time was 32 months (range 4-56 months). Results: Patients in the bioprosthetic valve group were older (mean age 67.5 ± 13.6 years) and included more females (25.6% or 10/39) than those in the mechanical valve group (mean age 56.6 ± 12.0 years; 11.0% or 9/82 were female). No significant differences were found between the bioprosthetic and mechanical valve groups for any QOL aspects scored by the SF-36v2 survey. All 8 domains and 2 summary scales comprising the QOL evaluation were above national norms calculated using gender- and age-matched, norm-based scoring for a standard national average of 50. The supplemental questions indicated satisfaction with each valve type despite characteristics that were of concern to patients. In the mechanical valve group, 90.2% (74/82) reported that the audible valve click was not troublesome, 85.4% (70/82) that taking a blood thinner regularly did not affect daily life and 81.7% (67/82) that blood testing for anticoagulation therapy was not troublesome. Conclusions: Receiving a tissue or a mechanical valve does not directly affect postoperative QOL. Answers to supplemental questions suggest that prior concerns with mechanical valves do not affect patients in the commonly anticipated negative manner. The preconception of a heavy QOL burden for mechanical composite grafts is contradicted by this study.

Electro-acupuncture for treatment of knee pain from osteoarthritis and the possible endocrinology changes: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BackgroundOsteoarthritis of the knee is a major cause of disability among adults. Electro-acupuncture is considered a potentially useful treatment for osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of electro-acupuncture on pain control, pain perception, plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin levels, patient-perceived quality of life, and pain medication use in patients with chronic knee pain.Methods/designThis study is a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel design trial. One hundred sixty out-patients who are more than 50 years old and who have osteoarthritis of the knee will be recruited from the island of Mallorca, Spain. Each participant will be randomly placed into one of two groups: (sham) electro-acupuncture non-insertion technique and real electro-acupuncture.Acupuncture treatments will be the Traditional Chinese Medicine type. The patients will be evaluated after a period of 1 month (with two weekly sessions), 3 months (with one monthly session), 6 months (with one session every 45 days), and 1 year later with follow-up sessions at the end of the study (with one session every 2 months).The primary outcomes will be based on the observed changes from the baseline of the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for pain measured at 12 weeks after the end of treatment.Also to be included in the study are the possible changes in the secondary efficacy variables from baseline as assessed by the Short Form 36 version 2 health survey (patient-perceived quality of life), patient plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin levels at the different treatment stages, the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, pain medication use, functional capacity and stiffness (WOMAC subscales), and a VAS. These variables will be assessed at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after study commencement.DiscussionThe findings from this study will help to determine whether electro-acupuncture is effective for chronic knee pain management in older people and whether electro-acupuncture can deliver results for the improvement of pain relief, stiffness, and disability. The study will therefore be a major step toward understanding the roles of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the endogenous opioid system in the effectiveness of electro-acupuncture for chronic pain.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02299713 (11 Nov. 2014).