Patient Demographic Factors Research Articles

Low Cancer Occurrence Rate following Prophylactic Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy.

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has become widely available for breast cancer prophylaxis. There are limited data on its long-term oncologic safety. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of breast cancer in patients who underwent prophylactic NSM. All patients undergoing prophylactic NSM at a single institution from 2006 through 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographic factors, genetic predispositions, mastectomy specimen pathology, and oncologic occurrences at follow-up were recorded. Descriptive statistics were performed where necessary to classify demographic factors and oncologic characteristics. A total of 871 prophylactic NSMs were performed on 641 patients, with median follow-up of 82.0 months (standard error 1.24). A total of 94.4% of patients ( n = 605) underwent bilateral NSMs, although only the prophylactic mastectomy was considered. The majority of mastectomy specimens (69.6%) had no identifiable pathology. A total of 38 specimens (4.4%) had cancer identified in mastectomy specimens, with ductal carcinoma in situ being the most common (92.1%; n = 35). Multifocal or multicentric disease was observed in seven cases (18.4%) and lymphovascular invasion was identified in two (5.3%). One patient (0.16%), who was a BRCA2 variant carrier, was found to have breast cancer 6.5 years after prophylactic mastectomy. Overall primary oncologic occurrence rates are very low in high-risk patients undergoing prophylactic NSM. In addition to reducing the risk of oncologic occurrence, prophylactic surgery itself may be therapeutic in a small proportion of patients. Continued surveillance for these patients remains important to assess at longer follow-up intervals. Risk, IV.

Abstract P4-03-11: Population-based survival outcomes of pure vs mixed invasive lobular breast carcinoma in Ontario, Canada

Abstract Purpose: We aim to determine incidence and survival rates of pure vs mixed invasive lobular breast carcinoma between 1990 and 2020 in the province of Ontario, Canada. We further evaluated patient and tumour factors that predict survival for invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Methods: Using population-based administrative healthcare datasets at Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) Ontario, we calculated the crude 5-year incidence rates of pure ILC versus invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) versus mixed ILC-IDC in the province of Ontario, Canada between 1990 and 2020. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to determine the 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-year survival for ILC (and mixed ILC-IDC) as compared with IDC. Survival curves were compared using the log-rank test and stratified by stage. Using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, we identified patient (e.g. demographic, geographic, socioeconomic) and tumour (grade, stage, receptor subtype) factors that predicted survival for patients with ILC. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS® and P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: We identified 18,551 (8%) pure ILC, 10,234 (4%) mixed ILC-IDC and 192,371 (81%) IDC cases. The crude incidence of pure ILC increased from 55.7 per 100,000 in 1990 to 80.2 per 100,000 in 2020. The crude incidence of mixed ILC-IDC peaked in the mid-2000s at 48.6 per 100,000 and subsequently declined to 32.1 per 100,000 in 2020. There was a significant difference in overall survival between the three breast cancer subtypes. Over a 30-year follow-up period (mean 9.3 +/- 7.3 years), overall survival of mixed ILC-IDC mirrors the survival of pure IDC, while women with pure ILC have inferior survival compared with IDC beginning after 10 years of follow-up (P < .001). The 20-year overall survival was 40% for ILC and 50% for IDC and mixed ILC-IDC. Older age > 55 years (vs. 50-54 years, P < .0001), lowest neighborhood income quintile (HR 1.1, P = .038), geographic location within Ontario (P < .01) and increasing Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score (P < .0001) predicted worse overall survival for ILC patients. Conversely, the increasing number of mammograms received in the five years prior to diagnosis predicted better overall survival (P < .0001). When stratified by cancer stage, the worse survival in ILC (compared with IDC and mixed ILC-IDC) was only observed for stage III patients (P = .01). Stage III and IV disease, grade 3 histology and ER/PR negativity predicted worse survival (P < .01). Conclusion: The crude incidence of ILC is increasing over time. Over a 30-year follow-up period (mean 9.3 +/- 7.3 years), ILC had worse overall survival compared with IDC and mixed ILC-IDC, particular stage III patients. Patient demographic and tumour factors predict overall survival in ILC. While treatment paradigms for ILC mirror that for IDC, our data demonstrates worse overall survival for ILC and a need for more research and treatments focused on improving long-term survival for ILC patients. Citation Format: David Lim, Vasily Giannakeas, Steven Narod, Kelly Metcalfe. Population-based survival outcomes of pure vs mixed invasive lobular breast carcinoma in Ontario, Canada [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-11.

Payor Type Is Associated with Increased Rates of Reoperation and Healthcare Utilization following Rotator Cuff Repair: A National Database Study.

Despite strong evidence supporting the efficacy of rotator cuff repair (RCR), previous literature has demonstrated that socioeconomic disparities exist among patients who undergo surgery. There is a paucity of literature examining whether payor type, including Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial insurance types, impacts early medical complications and rates of reoperation following RCR. Patients with Medicare, Medicaid, or commercial payor type insurance who underwent primary open or arthroscopic RCR between 2010 and 2019 were identified using a large national database. Ninety-day incidence of medical complications, emergency department (ED) visit, and hospital readmission, as well as one-year incidence of revision repair, revision to arthroplasty, and cost of care were evaluated. Propensity score matching was used to control for patient demographic factors and comorbidities as covariates. 113,257 Medicare, 23,074 Medicaid, and 414,447 commercially insured patients were included for analysis. Medicaid insurance was associated with an increased 90-day risk of various medical complications, ED visit (OR 2.87; p<0.001) and one-year revision RCR (OR 1.60; p<0.001) compared to Medicare insurance. Medicaid insurance was also associated with an increased risk of various medical complications, ED visit (OR 2.98; p<0.001), hospital readmission (OR 1.56; p=0.002), as well as one-year risk of revision RCR (OR 1.60; p<0.001) and conversion to arthroplasty (OR 1.4358; p<0.001) compared to commercially insured patients. Medicaid insurance was associated with a decreased risk of conversion to arthroplasty compared to Medicare patients (OR 0.6887; p<0.001). Medicaid insurance was associated with higher one year cost of care compared to patients with both Medicare (p<0.001) and commercial insurance (p<0.001). Medicaid insurance is associated with increased rates of medical complications, healthcare utilization, and reoperation following rotator cuff surgery, despite controlling for covariates. Medicaid insurance is also associated with a higher one-year cost of care. Understanding the complex relationship between sociodemographic factors, such as insurance status, medical comorbidities, and outcomes, is necessary to ensure optimal healthcare access for all patients and to allow for appropriate risk stratification.

Abstract P5-07-03: The Association Between Symptom Severity and Physical Function among Participants in I-SPY2

Abstract Background. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly recognized as a valuable component to understand treatment tolerability and toxicity among patients on clinical trials. We have implemented a system for monitoring patient reported outcomes (PROs), symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) using electronic PRO (ePRO) instruments for patients enrolled in the I-SPY2 trial. I-SPY2 is a phase II multi-site clinical trial evaluating the effect of novel neoadjuvant therapies for locally advanced breast cancer. We correlated patient demographic factors with symptoms, investigated the trajectory of symptoms throughout treatment, and sought to characterize symptoms associated with decline in physical function (PF). Methods. Our study population included 259 I-SPY2 patients that completed surveys on one of 9 study arms (including novel oral taxane/immunotherapy combinations, IV paclitaxel, checkpoint inhibitor+/- LAG3 inhibitor, and control IV paclitaxel +/- trastuzumab/pertuzumab). After the 12 week period of investigational agents, most patients received standard adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC). Symptom severity, frequency, and interference was assessed weekly using 33 items from the PRO-CTCAE item bank. PF was assessed using the NIH PROMIS instrument and was evaluated at baseline, inter-regimen (after 12 weeks of treatment), pre-surgery, and 1 and 6 months at follow-up. An odds ratio was used to assess univariate associations between age and race, and symptoms. Regularized multi-variate regression was used to evaluate early symptoms (prior to week 6) predictive of a clinically significant (&amp;gt;5 point T-score) decline in PF from baseline to post-treatment follow-up among all races and age groups. Results. Of 259 patients (mean age (SD) = 46.8 (13.6)), 160 (58%) were White, 13 (5%) were Asian, 26 (10%) were African American (AA), 25 (9.3%) were Hispanic, and 35 (13.5%) self-reported “Other”. At baseline, AA patients had a higher severity of joint pain than White patients (OR = 14.9, P &amp;lt; 0.05). During study treatment with paclitaxel and/or novel agent within the first 12 weeks of treatment, AA patients and non-white (NW) patients were more likely to report severe vomiting than White patients (OR =13.22 and 12.72, P&amp;lt; 0.05 and P&amp;lt; 0.03 respectively). During treatment with AC, NW patients were more likely to report higher severity of neuropathy than White patients (OR = 5.43, P&amp;lt; 0.03). Among all patients, in analysis of early symptoms predictive of a clinically significant decline in PF between baseline and 1 month post treatment, predictors included high frequency of diarrhea, severity of itching, and severity of joint pain. Further analysis of symptom trajectories revealed that frequency of diarrhea reported rose sharply between baseline and Cycle 2 with 9 patients (7%) reporting occasional or frequent diarrhea to 39 patients (28%) reporting occasional to almost constant diarrhea and remained stable at that proportion for the remainder of treatment. Frequency of diarrhea declined slightly during AC (17%) and dropped to baseline levels by follow-up. In contrast, severity of joint pain persisted post-treatment, rising consistently from baseline through follow- up with 3 patients (2%) reporting moderate to severe joint pain at baseline to 18 patients (35%) reporting moderate to severe joint pain at follow-up. Conclusion. Among I-SPY2 participants, when higher grade of diarrhea is persistent (or uncontrolled), it impacts physical function even after end of therapy. In some cases, race was also a determinant in symptom trajectory, although a higher enrollment of AA and NW patients will enable more robust estimates to be computed. While some of these early symptom predictors are transient and resolve by the time of follow-up, others persist long-term and contribute more directly towards impaired physical function at follow-up. Citation Format: Amrita Basu, Saumya Umashankar, Kaylee Blevins, Anna Northrop, Anika Christofferson, Ebunoluwa Olunuga, Jaeyoon Cha, Ananya Mittal, Julissa Molina-Vega, Laura Sit, Thelma Brown, Bev Parker, Diane Heditsian, Susie Brain, Carol Simmons, Alessandra Taboada, Tina J. Hieken, Kathryn Ruddy, Carolina Salvador, Candace Mainor, Anosheh Afghahi, Sarah Tevis, Anne Blaes, Irene M. Kang, Jane Perlmutter, Hope Rugo, Sai Kanaparthi, Garry Peterson, Lisa T. Weiss, Adam Asare, Laura J. Esserman, Michelle Melisko, Dawn Hershman. The Association Between Symptom Severity and Physical Function among Participants in I-SPY2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-03.

Palliative care use and utilization determinants among patients treated for advanced stage lung cancer care in the community and academic medical setting.

Despite clinical guidelines, palliative care is underutilized during advanced stage lung cancer treatment. To inform interventions to increase its use, patient-level barriers and facilitators (i.e., determinants) need to be characterized, especially among patients living in rural areas or those receiving treatment outside academic medical centers. Between 2020 and 2021, advanced stage lung cancer patients (n = 77; 62% rural; 58% receiving care in the community) completed a one-time survey assessing palliative care use and its determinants. Univariate and bivariate analyses described palliative care use and determinants and compared scores by patient demographic (e.g., rural vs. urban) and treatment setting (e.g., community vs. academic medical center) factors. Roughly half said they had never met with a palliative care doctor (49.4%) or nurse (58.4%) as part of cancer care. Only 18% said they knew what palliative care was and could explain it; 17% thought it was the same as hospice. After palliative care was distinguished from hospice, the most frequently cited reasons patients stated they would not seek palliative care were uncertainty about what it would offer (65%), concerns about insurance coverage (63%), difficulty attending multiple appointments (60%), and lack of discussion with an oncologist (59%). The most common reasons patients stated they would seek palliative care were a desire to control pain (62%), oncologist recommendation (58%), and coping support for family and friends (55%). Interventions should address knowledge and misconceptions, assess care needs, and facilitate communication between patients and oncologists about palliative care.

Determining Prior Authorization Approval for Lumbar Stenosis Surgery With Machine Learning.

Medical vignettes. Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a degenerative condition with a high prevalence in the elderly population, that is associated with a significant economic burden and often requires spinal surgery. Prior authorization of surgical candidates is required before patients can be covered by a health plan and must be approved by medical directors (MDs), which is often subjective and clinician specific. In this study, we hypothesized that the prediction accuracy of machine learning (ML) methods regarding surgical candidates is comparable to that of a panel of MDs. Based on patient demographic factors, previous therapeutic history, symptoms and physical examinations and imaging findings, we propose an ML which computes the probability of spinal surgical recommendations for LSS. The model implements a random forest model trained from medical vignette data reviewed by MDs. Sets of 400 and 100 medical vignettes reviewed by MDs were used for training and testing. The predictive accuracy of the machine learning model was with a root mean square error (RMSE) between model predictions and ground truth of .1123, while the average RMSE between individual MD's recommendations and ground truth was .2661. For binary classification, the AUROC and Cohen's kappa were .959 and .801, while the corresponding average metrics based on individual MD's recommendations were .844 and .564, respectively. Our results suggest that ML can be used to automate prior authorization approval of surgery for LSS with performance comparable to a panel of MDs.

Variation in diagnosis of urinary incontinence in women by provider and patient demographic factors.

Urinary incontinence (UI) among women is under-recognized in primary care setting. We hypothesized that UI is, therefore, more commonly diagnosed by specialists. Our aim was to determine the rate of UI diagnosis by provider and patient demographics, and whether these factors affect the likelihood of UI diagnosis. Retrospective study using electronic medical records from 2010 to 2019. Ambulatory patient encounters by adult females were identified. Encounters with new diagnosis of UI (stress, urgency, mixed, or unspecified) were identified using ICD 9 and 10 codes. The following data were extracted: diagnosing provider specialty and sex, patient age, BMI, race, estimated household income, insurance coverage and type, and primary care provider (PCP). Rate of UI diagnosis was calculated using proportions. Univariable comparison and multivariable logistic regression were performed. 576,110 patient encounters were captured. 14,378 patient encounters had UI diagnosis (2.5%). UI population had the following characteristics: Mean age of 60.1 ± 15.5years, 65.6% identified as white, 75.7% had a PCP, and 87.9% had insurance. UI diagnosis rate was < 1% for PCPs. Multivariable logistic regression showed that urogynecologists and female providers were more likely to diagnose UI; patient demographics associated with UI diagnosis included older age, elevated BMI, white race, commercial insurance, and having a PCP. Estimated household income did not have a significant effect. Diagnosis of UI is seldom made by PCPs. Race, insurance, and having a PCP may affect the likelihood of receiving UI diagnosis. Continued efforts to promote equity in recognizing UI may be warranted.

Abstract 157: Association Of Hospital Performance With 1-Year Mortality And Recurrence After Ischemic Stroke Among US Medicare Beneficiaries

Background: Whether stroke patients treated at hospitals with better short-term quality performance metrics have better long-term outcomes is unknown. We determined if ischemic stroke patients treated at US hospitals with better past performance on the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) 30-day mortality and readmission outcome measures for stroke had better 1-year outcomes compared to those treated at other hospitals. Methods: We included all Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥65 years discharged alive from US hospitals with a principal diagnosis of ischemic stroke from 07/01/2015 to 12/31/2018. We categorized patients by the treating hospital’s performance on the CMS hospital-specific 30-day risk-standardized all-cause mortality and readmission rate measures for stroke from 07/01/2012 to 06/30/2015: Low-Low (both CMS mortality and readmission rates for the hospital were &lt;25 th percentile of national rates), High-High (both &gt;75 th percentile), and Intermediate (all others). We balanced characteristics between hospital performance categories using stabilized inverse probability weights (IPW) based on patient demographic and clinical factors. We fit Cox models to assess patient risks of 1-year mortality and recurrent stroke across hospital performance categories, weighted by the IPW and accounting for competing risks. Results: There were 595,929 stroke patients (mean age 78.9y, 54.4% women, 82.2% White) discharged from 134 Low-Low, 2288 Intermediate, and 141 High-High hospitals. For patients treated at Low-Low, Intermediate, and High-High hospitals, respectively, 1-year mortality rates were 23.8% (95% CI 23.3-24.3%), 25.2% (25.1-25.3%), and 26.5% (26.1-26.9%), and recurrence rates were 8.0% (7.6-8.3%), 7.9% (7.8-8.0%), and 8.0% (7.7-8.3%). Compared with patients at High-High hospitals, those at Low-Low and Intermediate hospitals, respectively, had 15% (hazard ratio 0.85; 95% CI 0.82-0.87) and 9% (0.91; 0.89-0.93) lower risks of 1-year mortality but no difference in 1-year recurrence. Conclusions: Ischemic stroke patients treated at better-performing hospitals had lower risks of post-discharge 1-year mortality but similar risks of recurrent stroke compared with patients treated at other hospitals.

Payor Type is Associated With Increased Rates of Reoperation and Health-care Utilization Following Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A National Database Study.

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a common orthopedic procedure with overall good clinical outcomes; however, more recent literature has identified disparities in treatment access and outcomes based on sociodemographic factors. There is a paucity of literature examining whether payor type, including Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial insurance types, impacts early medical complications and rates of reoperation following a UKA. Patients with Medicare, Medicaid, or commercial payor type who underwent primary medial or lateral UKA between 2010 and 2019 were identified using a large national database. Ninety-day incidence of emergency department visit and 1-year incidence of revision, revision to arthroplasty, reimbursement, and cost of care were evaluated. Propensity score matching was used to control for patient demographic factors and comorbidities as covariates. Medicaid insurance was associated with an increased risk of emergency room visit (odds ratio [OR] 2.77; P < .001), revision surgery (OR 1.85; P < .001), and conversion to total knee arthroplasty (OR 1.50; P= .0292) compared to commercially insured patients. Medicaid insurance was associated with an increased risk of emergency room visit (OR 3.58; P < .001), revision surgery (OR 1.97; P < .001), and conversion to total knee arthroplasty (OR 1.80; P= .003). Medicaid patients were associated with a higher overall cost of care and lower reimbursement than commercial and Medicare patients (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). These findings demonstrate that payor type is associated with increased rates of reoperation and health-care utilization following UKA despite controlling for covariates. Additional work is required to understand the complex relationship between socioeconomic status and outcomes to ensure appropriate health-care access for all patients and pursue appropriate risk stratification. III, retrospective chart review.

Novel psychiatric disorders following mild traumatic brain injury: a retrospective multivariable analysis with screening recommendations.

Concussions are a form of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) that most commonly occur after blunt trauma to the head and may result in temporary loss of consciousness. These patients are typically comanaged by neurocritical care specialists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons depending on the severity of disease. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) evaluate how patient demographic characteristics impact the development of novel psychiatric disorders (NPDs) after mTBI; and 2) develop screening recommendations to identify patients with NPDs. The authors used data from the 2010-2019 National Readmissions Database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Patients who were readmitted for mTBI within a year of their first admission between 2010 and 2019 were identified (n = 206,070). The association between patient demographic characteristics and the emergence of NPDs after mTBI was examined using multivariable binomial regression analysis. Density plots were used to examine diagnostic patterns for NPDs. The mean ± SD age of all patients was 50.9 ± 26.2 years, and 43.9% of patients were female. Overall, an additional 818 (0.40%) patients were reported to have novel suicidal ideation (SI), 3866 (1.9%) novel depression, 3449 (1.7%) novel anxiety, and 88 (0.043%) novel homicidal ideation (HI) after mTBI. Younger age (OR 0.9775, 95% CI 0.9705-0.9848, p < 0.0001) and reduced Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score (OR 0.9155, 95% CI 0.8539-0.9774, p = 0.010) may predict novel SI, and female sex (OR 0.7464, 95% CI 0.6026-0.9214, p = 0.0069) may be inversely related to novel SI after mTBI. Also, multivariable analysis found that female sex (OR 1.1774, 95% CI 1.0654-1.3016, p = 0.0014) and Medicare/Medicaid insurance type (OR 0.9381, 95% CI 0.8983-0.9797, p = 0.0039) may predict novel anxiety after mTBI. Similarly, younger age (OR 0.9956, 95% CI 0.9923-0.9989, p = 0.0096), higher CCI score (OR 1.0363, 95% CI 1.0099-1.0629, p = 0.0062), and Medicare/Medicaid insurance type (OR 0.9386, 95% CI 0.8998-0.9789, p = 0.0032) may predict novel depression. Lastly, female sex (OR 0.3271, 95% CI 0.1467-0.6567, p = 0.0031) and increased median income (OR 0.8829, 95% CI 0.7930-0.9944, p = 0.049) were inversely proportional to novel HI after mTBI. The median time to diagnosis of NPD was 69.5 days for depression, 66.5 days for anxiety, 70.0 days for SI, and 66.5 days for HI. Numerous patient demographic factors are significant predictors of the development of NPDs after mTBI and concussion. Screening for NPDs within 3 weeks and 3 months after mTBI may identify most patients at risk for developing novel postconcussive psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, HI, and SI. Further studies are warranted to understand how patient demographic characteristics should dictate medical management and screening after mTBI and concussion.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Physical Therapy Utilization After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common orthopaedic procedure, after which many patients benefit from physical therapy (PT). However, such services may not be uniformly accessible and used. To that end, disparities in access to care such as PT after interventions may be a factor for those of varying race/ethnicities. TKAs were abstracted from the 2014 to 2016 Standard Analytic Files PearlDiver data set-a large national health administrative data set containing information on more than 60 million Medicare patients. Occurrences of home or outpatient PT within 90 days after TKA were identified. Patient demographic factors were extracted, including age, sex, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, estimated average household income of patient based on zip code (low average household income [<75k/year] or high average household income [>75k/year]), and patient race/ethnicity (White, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, Black, or Other). Predictive factors for PT utilization were determined and compared with univariate and multivariate analyses. Of 23,953 TKA patients identified, PT within 90 days after TKA was used by 18,837 (78.8%). Patients self-identified as White (21,824 [91.1%]), Black (1,250 [5.2%]), Hispanic (268 [1.1%]), Asian (241 [1.0%]), Native American (90 [0.4%]), or "Other" (280 [1.2%]) and were of low household income (19,957 [83.3%]) or high household income (3,994 [16.7%]). When controlling for age, sex, and ECI, PT was less likely to be received by those of low household income (relative to high household income OR 0.79) or by those of defined race/ethnicity (relative to White or Black OR 0.81, Native American OR 0.58, Asian OR 0.50, or Hispanic OR 0.44) ( P < 0.05 for each). In a large Medicare data set, disparities in utilization of PT after TKA were identified based on patient's estimated household income and race/ethnicity. Identification of such factors may help facilitate the expansion of care to meet the needs of all groups adequately. Level III.

Clinical outcomes after reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients 60 years old and younger; medium-term results

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has been well-described as a surgical solution to manage rotator cuff tear arthropathy in elderly, low demand paitents. As experience has increased along with improvements in technique and implant design, RTSA has become increasingly used to manage more varied pathologic conditions of the shoulder in younger, more active patients. This study evaluates outcomes in a consecutive series of patients aged 60 years old and younger after undergoing RTSA. There were 94 shoulders in 89 patients enrolled. Mean age of the cohort was 54.8 (range 18-60 years). Surgical indications included rotator cuff tear arthropathy, irreparable rotator cuff tear without arthritis, glenohumeral arthritis with erosive glenoid deformity, inflammatory arthropathy, proximal humerus fracture nonunion/malunion and failed prior shoulder arthroplasty. Sixty-one shoulders (70%) had undergone at least one prior surgery. Of these, 6 shoulders (6% of total cohort) had a prior failed arthroplasty. Clinical outcomes (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder index; visual analog scale pain), radiographic outcomes and complications were analyzed and assessed for correlation with patient demographic factors. The mean follow-up for this cohort was 4.9 years (range 2-12 years). Subjects experienced improvements in ASES score and pain (P<.001) and active forward elevation (88° preop to 135° postop, P<.001). Prior operation correlated with worse postoperative ASES and WOOS scores. Higher demand occupation correlated with less improvement in pain scores. The overall complication rate was 12%. Seven shoulders (7%) underwent an additional procedure. There was a 2% incidence of dislocation and a 4% incidence of acromial stress fracture. There was a 36% incidence of notching. With medium-term follow-up, RTSA is a reliable and predictable operation to manage various pathologic conditions in patients aged 60 years or less. Patients predictably experience significant improvements in pain and range of motion while assuming a modest complication risk. Long-term study is needed to understand potential for late complications or implant failure.

Impact of Patient Characteristics on the Outcomes of Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of malignancies that globally account for a significant portion of cancer incidence and cancer-related death. Survival outcomes for esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and hepatobiliary cancers remain poor, but new treatment paradigms are emerging with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. This review characterizes patient-related prognostic factors that influence the response to ICI therapy. We performed an analysis of the landmark randomized clinical trials in esophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, pancreatic, and biliary tract cancers in terms of patient demographic factors. A literature review of smaller retrospective studies investigating patient-related factors was completed. The immunological bases for these associations were further explored. The key predictive factors identified include age, sex, performance status, geography, body mass index, sarcopenia, gut microbiome, various biochemical factors, and disease distribution.

The reliability of patient blood pressure self-assessments – a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveHome blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is an increasingly important tool in managing hypertension (HTN); however, its efficacy depends on its accuracy. This study aimed to explore the differences between blood pressure (BP) measurements conducted by patients and medical professionals and the patient demographic factors correlating with inaccurate self-measured BP levels.MethodsOne hundred hypertensive patients completed a questionnaire inquiring about their health status and HBPM procedures and were filmed while measuring their BP using their own devices. A researcher then measured the patients' BP using a calibrated sphygmomanometer to assess the accuracy of patient-performed readings. This cross-sectional study was conducted in five primary healthcare centers in Kraków, Poland.ResultsThe mean differences in systolic and diastolic BP readings by patients and researchers were 8.36 mmHg (SD = 10.90 mmHg) and 2.16 mmHg (SD = 9.12 mmHg), respectively. Inaccuracies in patient BP measurements were associated with a less than high school education level, patients’ age, and a family history of HTN.ConclusionPatient self-measured BP levels were higher than researcher values, likely due to a higher patient error rate. Healthcare providers must increase training regarding correct HBPM techniques offered to patients; such efforts should be directed at all hypertensive patients, emphasizing the most error-prone demographics.

Mortality and clinical outcomes of Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fractures : a multicentre retrospective study.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the patient characteristics and mortality of Vancouver type B periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) subgroups divided into two groups according to femoral component stability and to compare postoperative clinical outcomes according to treatment in Vancouver type B2 and B3 fractures. A total of 126 Vancouver type B fractures were analyzed from 2010 to 2019 in 11 associated centres' database (named TRON). We divided the patients into two Vancouver type B subtypes according to implant stability. Patient demographics and functional scores were assessed in the Vancouver type B subtypes. We estimated the mortality according to various patient characteristics and clinical outcomes between the open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and revision arthroplasty (revision) groups in patients with unstable subtype. The one-year mortality rate of the stable and unstable subtype of Vancouver type B was 9.4% and 16.4%. Patient demographic factors, including residential status and pre-injury mobility were associated with mortality. There was no significant difference in mortality between patients treated with ORIF and Revision in either Vancouver B subtype. Patients treated with revision had significantly higher Parker Mobility Score (PMS) values (5.48 vs 3.43; p = 0.00461) and a significantly lower visual analogue scale (VAS) values (1.06 vs 1.94; p = 0.0399) for pain than ORIF in the unstable subtype. Among patients with Vancouver type B fractures, frail patients, such as those with worse scores for residential status and pre-injury mobility, had a high mortality rate. There was no significant difference in mortality between patients treated with ORIF and those treated with revision. However, in the unstable subtype, the PMS and VAS values at the final follow-up examination were significantly better in patients who received revision. Based on postoperative activities of daily life, we therefore recommend evision in instances when either treatment option is feasible.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open2023;4(1):38-46.

The Relationship Between Patient Demographic Factors and Pain Intensity Reported During Fluoroscopically-Guided Musculoskeletal Procedures: An Observational Cohort Study

The Relationship Between Patient Demographic Factors and Pain Intensity Reported During Fluoroscopically-Guided Musculoskeletal Procedures: An Observational Cohort Study

Describing healthcare concerns of adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy

AimTo identify healthcare concerns of adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy (CP) followed in a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program and identify patient factors associated with the number of concerns raised. MethodA retrospective chart review of initial consultations of 241 people with CP (53 % male) aged 14 years or older (mean 27 y 5mo, SD 13 y 2mo), over a three-year period. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data and explore associations. Poisson’s regression was used to predict healthcare concerns from patient demographic factors. ResultsA total of 2237 distinct concerns were raised by the participants, with a median of 9 (range 1–34) concerns per person. Ten healthcare concern categories were reported by more than 25 % of the sample. Only age was associated with the number of healthcare concerns (r = 0.25, p < 0.001). Age and GMFCS significantly predicted total number of healthcare concerns. InterpretationAdolescents and adults with CP reported a high number of healthcare concerns at the initial visit to the Transitional and Lifelong Care program and the number of concerns may increase with advancing age. The concerns identified span a variety of biopsychosocial spheres and supports the need for ongoing specialty and multidisciplinary care of this population through their adult years.

Identification of Independent Predictors of Increased 90-Day Complication and Revision Rates Following Total Elbow Arthroplasty.

Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is an increasingly popular surgical option for many debilitating conditions of the elbow. There currently exists a paucity of literature regarding patient and hospital factors that lead to inferior outcomes following TEA. The purpose of this study is to identify independent predictors of increased complication and revision rates following TEA. The National Readmissions Database (NRD) was queried from 2011 to 2018 to identify all cases of TEA (n = 8932). Relevant patient demographic factors, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics were identified and run in a univariate binomial logistic regression model. All significant variables were included in a multivariate binomial logistic regression model for data analysis. Independent predictors of increased complication rates included age, female sex, Medicare and Medicaid payer status, medium bed-sized center, and 18 of 34 medical comorbidities (all P < .05). Independent predictors of increased revision rates included medium bed-sized centers, non-teaching hospital status, chronic pulmonary disease, depression, and pulmonary circulatory disorders (all P < .05). This study identified several patient and hospital characteristics that are independently associated with both increased complication and revision rates following TEA. This information can aid orthopedic surgeons during shared decision making when considering TEA in patients. Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Risk Factors of Loss of Knee Range of Motion after Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction following Preoperative Recovery of Knee Range of Motion.

The loss of knee range of motion (ROM) is not an uncommon complication after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, the risk factors of loss of knee ROM remain debatable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of loss of knee ROM at 12 months after primary ACLR performed after regaining full knee ROM preoperatively. Consecutive patients who underwent primary ACLR after regaining full ROM between January 2014 and January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who received a surgical arthrolysis within 12 months after ACLR or those who had a loss of knee ROM at 12 months postoperatively were defined as the loss of ROM group. Possible risk factors of loss of knee ROM, including patient demographic, preoperative, surgical, and postoperative factors, were assessed. The notch wide index and radiographic parameters of the tibial spines; medial tibial spine height/tibial length (TL), lateral tibial spine height (LTSH)/TL, and tibial spine width (TSW)/TL, were also assessed. A total of 141 patients (141 knees) were included (mean age, 25.8 ± 11.4 years; male/female, 56/85). Of the 141 patients, three received surgical arthrolysis within 12 months, and 23 had a loss of knee ROM at 12 months after ACLR. On comparing patients with and without loss of knee ROM, significant differences were found in the age (p = 0.04), LTSH/TL (p = 0.02), and TSW/TL (p = 0.02). A multivariate regression analysis showed that the age (odds ratio [OR]; 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.09, p = 0.02), LTSH/TL (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.01-2.1, p = 0.04), and TSW/TL (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.97, p = 0.02) were identified as significant independent risk predictors of loss of knee ROM. This study showed that the incidence of loss of knee ROM at 12 months after primary ACLR was 18.4% (26/141). An older age, a higher LTSH/TL, and a smaller TSW/TL may be associated with loss of knee ROM at 12 months after ACLR.

The Association of Patient and Procedural Factors on Improved Outcomes: A Cluster Analysis on 853 Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients.

Many studies involving robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RATKA) have demonstrated superiority regarding soft tissue balance and consistency with alignment target achievement. However, studies investigating whether RATKA is associated with improved patient outcomes regarding physical function and pain are also important. Therefore, we performed a cluster analysis and examined factors that contributed to differences in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Specifically, we analyzed: (1) reduced WOMAC (rWOMAC) scores regarding pain and function; (2) usage of RATKA; (3) common patient comorbidities; as well as (4) patient demographic factors. The rWOMAC score is an abbreviated PROM that includes pain and physical function domains. This study analyzed 853 patients (95 conventional and 758 robotic-assisted) who had completed preoperative, 6-month, and 1-year postoperative rWOMAC surveys. Two clusters were constructed using rWOMAC pain and function scores at 1 year. Cluster 1 included 753 patients who had better outcomes at 1 year (mean rWOMAC pain = 0.9, mean rWOMAC function = 1.4), and cluster 2 included 100 patients who had worse outcomes at 1 year (mean rWOMAC pain = 7.7, mean rWOMAC function = 10.4). The clusters were compared to determine (1) how scores improved and (2) what patient characteristics were significantly different between clusters. Cluster 1 demonstrated greater improvement from preoperative to 6 months or 1 year (p = 0.0013 for pain preoperative to 6 months, p< 0.0001 for other measures) and 6 months to 1 year (p< 0.0001). Comparisons demonstrated that cluster 1 had older patients (67 vs. 65 years, p = 0.0479) who had lower body mass index or BMIs (31.8 vs. 33.9 kg/m2, p = 0.0042) and no significant differences in sex (p = 0.7849). Cluster 1 also had a significantly higher percentage of RATKA patients (90 vs. 79%, p< 0.001). Cluster analyses provided differentiating factors which were associated with improved postoperative rWOMAC pain and function scores at 1 year. Patients undergoing robotic-assisted TKA were associated with better rWOMAC pain and function scores from preoperative to 6 months and 1 year.