Pathways For China Research Articles

Retrospective Analysis on Clinical Pathway Literatures

AbstractObjective. To consult related documents, retrospectively study related research literature regarding the implementation of clinical pathway in China, and obtain knowledge of the status quo of clinical pathway application and the trend of its development in China. Method. Using the full-text databases of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure-China Hospital Knowledge Database (CHKD) periodicals as the data source, 1996–2010 as the time period and clinical pathway as the retrieval method to search for the literature data; performing analysis and research by processing data with Excel software, and using the literature metrology method, process analysis and retrospective research method. The Chinese literatures regarding clinical pathway between 1996 and 2010 are counted in terms of the distribution of basic research, application research and development research, respectively. Result. A total of 1,172 documents of clinical pathway research from 1996 to 2010 are obtained, and it is noted that th...

P013 A preliminary analysis of the clinical pathways in China

BackgroundClinical pathway (CP) is an application of rational process and time management for specific disease and surgery in practice. The CP was firstly introduced into China in 1990s.ObjectiveTo find the...

Life-cycle analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of gas-to-liquid fuel pathway from steel mill off-gas in China by the LanzaTech process

The LanzaTech process can convert carbon monoxide-containing gases produced by industries, such as steel manufacturing, into valuable fuel products. The life-cycle analysis (LCA) of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from the LanzaTech process has been developed for a Chinese setting using the original Tsinghua China Automotive LCA model along with a customized module developed principally for the process. The LCA results demonstrate that LanzaTech gas-to-liquid (GTL) processing in China’s steel manufacturing is favorable in terms of life-cycle fossil energy and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 50% compared with the conventional petroleum gasoline. The LanzaTech process, therefore, shows advantages in both energy-savings and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions when compared with most bio-ethanol production pathways in China.

Development of electric vehicles use in China: A study from the perspective of life-cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions

China has promoted the use of electric vehicles vigorously since 2009; the program is still in its pilot phase. This study investigates the development of electric vehicle use in China from the perspectives of energy consumption and greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. Energy consumption and GHG emissions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and pure battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are examined on the level of the regional power grid in 2009 through comparison with the energy consumption and GHG emissions of conventional gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles. The life-cycle analysis module in Tsinghua-LCAM, which is based on the GREET platform, is adopted and adapted to the life-cycle analysis of automotive energy pathways in China. Moreover, medium term (2015) and long term (2020) energy consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions of PHEVs and BEVs are projected, in accordance with the expected development target in the Energy Efficient and Alternative Energy Vehicles Industry Development Plan (2012–2020) for China. Finally, policy recommendations are provided for the proper development of electric vehicle use in China.

Life-cycle fossil energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission intensity of dominant secondary energy pathways of China in 2010

Life-cycle fossil primary energy consumption (FPEC) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity of nine types of dominant secondary energy (SE) pathways for China in 2010 are calculated with iterative methods, using the TLCAM (Tsinghua Life-cycle Analysis Model). Three major types of GHG (CO2, CH4 and N2O) are considered for GHG emission intensity, and non-combustion CH4 leakage during the feedstock production sub-stage is included. We found the following. (1) Life-cycle FPEC intensities in units of per MJ SE are obtained and used, in order of magnitude, for: raw coal (recovered only); raw natural gas (NG, recovered and processed only); raw oil (recovered and processed); final coal (finally transported to end-user); final NG (finally transported to end-user); diesel; gasoline; residual oil and electricity. (2) Although their upstream GHG emission intensities are small, their life-cycle intensities are 103.5, 68.3, 81.6, 99.3, 70.0, 101.6, 91.7, 93.5 and 226.4 g CO2,e/MJ SE, respectively, when direct GHG emissions are included. (3) Life-cycle intensities of both FPEC and GHG emissions for SE in China are higher than those in some other countries, because of the relatively low overall efficiency and high percentage of coal in the national energy mix.

Status quo analysis of variations management of clinical pathways in China and abroad

The authors analyzed the status quo of the indicators, outcomes and uses,methodology, procedures and technologies of the variations management of clinical pathways in China the abroad. The outputs of the study point to the following assignments in such a management, such as further identification of the contents of such variations, and further clarification of variation analysis indicators. Key words: Clinical pathways; Variations; Management; Status quo analysis

电厂烟气中二氧化碳的捕获

Abstract: The capture a separation of carbon dioxide is the premise of its storage and utilization. The re-search progress and application perspective of the methods for CO2 capture according to current power plant flue gas are summarized in this paper. Moreover, the possible pathways for China's coal-fired Power plants to reduce carbon dioxide emissions are proposed, combining the processes of the coal-fired power plant and the developments of the advanced clean coal technology

Concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in human blood from twelve cities in China

We detected nine perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in 233 human whole-blood samples collected from 12 cities (from 12 provinces and districts) in China. Perfluorinated compounds could be detected in all blood samples, with perfluorooctane sulfonate (C8, PFOS) as the most prominent PFC. Mean PFOS concentrations were measured at 3.06 to 34.0 µg/L, accounting for the majority of the total perfluorinated compounds (ΣPFCs) (54-87%) in blood samples, except those from Kunming. Perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorohexane sulfonate (C6, PFHxS) concentrations were positively correlated in blood samples (p < 0.01). Significant relations among perfluorooctanoate (C8, PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (C9, PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (C10, PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (C11, PFUnDA) (p < 0.05) were also observed in the present study, indicating that they may come from a similar exposure pathway in China. In general, gender-related differences were found for PFHxS and ΣPFCs concentrations, which were significantly higher in males than in females (p < 0.05). In the 20- to 29-year age group, gender influence was also found for PFHxS and PFOS concentrations. The mean blood concentration of PFOS (10.6 µg/L) in the present study was comparable with results from other countries, while PFOA and PFHxS (1.39 µg/L and 0.57 µg/L, respectively) were often lower. This can probably be attributed to a different exposure pathway of the general population in China as compared to other countries.

Interventional therapy of coronary artery disease in China: retrospective and perspective

Interventional therapy of coronary artery disease in China: retrospective and perspective

Genetic variation in the invasive process of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae) and its possible spread routes in China

Pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is an invasive species that causes a destructive forest disease-pine wilt disease. This disease has been prevalent in some countries in Asia since the 1970s. An amplified fragment length polymorphism survey was used to compare the genetic variation of native and invasive nematode populations in China and to examine the changes in genetic diversity during the invasion process. The genetic diversity of Chinese populations was slightly higher than that of American populations. Analysis of groups sampled from different invasive stages in China, showed that no obvious change in genetic diversity. Hence, genetic drift and founder effects are not obvious in the invasion process. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Chinese pinewood nematode populations were closer to Japanese populations than to American populations. On the basis of the genetic relationships among samples, two major invasion pathways in China are suggested. One is from Guangdong to Anhui and Zhejiang, and the other is from Guangdong to Jiangsu and then from Jiangsu to Hubei, Guizhong and Congqing. The results imply that it is important to reinforce both domestic and international quarantine to control the spread of pinewood nematode.

The Research Progress of Clinical Nursing Pathway in China

临床护理路径自上世纪90年代在我国陆续开展以来,各地护理工作者通过各种方式纷纷探讨与研究了这种新型护理模式,取得了不同的效果.本文旨在对临床护理路径在我国护理行业中实施的效果、作用、意义及展望做一阐述,以期通过笔者的文献学习,综合论点,为广大护理同仁提供较为科学、客观、全面的参考。

SWOT analysis of clinical pathway in China in the 21st century

近几年,我国出现了一种全新的医疗护理模式-临床路径,其高品质、低费用的服务宗旨符合我国目前的卫生体制改革的政策,具有理顺护理程序、规范护理行为、减少重复劳动、提高护理质量和工作效率、缩短住院日期等功效。