Path For Women Research Articles

Professional opportunities, gender obstacles, and narrowed progression: The case of the first Social Science Research Council female fellows (1925-1934).

Between the years 1925 and 1934, the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) awarded 198 postdoctoral research fellowships to early-career social scientists, among which 29 were awarded to women. This article, which is based on the SSRC directory and Rockefeller institutions' records, examines the professional paths of these female fellows to shed light on the presence of women in the social sciences and to probe the peculiarities of their professional trajectories. The SSRC fellowships represented a significant professional prospect for brilliant young female graduates who were often denied similar opportunities in other fields. Nonetheless, they did not eradicate all gender discrimination that remained prevalent, not only in the vertical sense by preventing women from progressing in the academic hierarchy, but also in the horizontal sense by retaining them in designated spaces (specific disciplines or institutions) that were underrecognized. Ultimately, the analysis of women's professional paths underscores the importance of examining the private or intimate lives of scientists to gain a more in-depth understanding of the social structure of science and its impact on its protagonists.

BIRTH OF THE WOMEN'S MOVEMENT IN INDEPENDENT PAKISTAN

How did the women's movement emerge in Pakistan and what factors created it? Was the women's movement born only from women's organizations? Do only urban women's organizations lead the entire country? Are class differences relevant here? Are knowledge creation and individual and collective consciousness the result of geographical and professional background? We can get answers to these questions only by analyzing theories. The path on which the women's movement in South Asia is moving is the path of integrating gender with development. Women's organizations in South Asian countries are fighting against the elements inimical to women's identity and are strongly opposing the politicization of religion. South Asian women are still trying to restore peace. Along with this, their movement is moving forward with other important issues, such as gender equality which is demanding equality at the level of law, capacity building, participation and governance. The struggle of the South Asian women's movement is visible on every issue. Lack of political power among women, gender inequality, health related issues, need for justice, human rights issues, need for peaceful development etc. are important issues but the path of women's movement in all these is difficult. Lack of state initiatives, feudal and patriarchal social structure and globalization market system and demand for cheap labor are making the path of this struggle more difficult. Many feminists believe that in the context of South Asia, women's movement and feminist movement are two different concepts. While women's movement talks about equal rights in a democratic structure, feminism challenges the legitimacy of a system which is oppressive for women.

Gender Equality and Women's Rights : A Study in Indian Constitution

The concept of “Gender Equality” is a fundamental human right. Gender equality refers to the equality of responsibilities, rights, and opportunities for every human being. Every individual of the society yearns to achieve equal status and rights in their life. Indian Constitution gives fundamental rights and basics duties to the citizens of India. Women’s rights are recognized as a right in itself, a transformative tool for achieving progress in all other areas of social and economic development. In the present time women’s rights denote the gender equality, and that plays a pivotal role in society. Women’s rights in Indian Constitution leads to a transformation of the structural factors and that reduced gender inequality. Women are getting opportunities in every aspect in their lives, including political, social, economic and cultural. The main objectives of this research are to understand how women are getting their rights through Indian Constitution and to explore the issues and challenges for women.. This is a qualitative and secondary data based study. This paper also focused on how gender equality plays a role in Indian Constitution. Indian Constitutional articles defined equally rights for every human being; Constitution gives rights for being economically independent, for achieving equal status in society, and for equally participation in politics. This paper discussed about the important constitutional articles for gender equality in India. In this research some obstacles have defined on the path of women’s rights and gender equality. In the conclusion part, this paper has been described that Indian constitution mentions lots of articles for gender equality and human rights. Women’s social and economic conditions are improving through constitutional rights; now they have rights to live their life. But because of some strictly taboos and customs in society women are not utilizing their constitutional rights, and still they are facing gender inequality problems. And it can be seen that gender equality is a far cry. Women should be educated; through education, they will be aware of their rights and be able to utilize all those constitutional rights.

A New Path of Women’s Organizing: An Analysis of Female Folk Custom Groups in the Yimeng Mountain Area of China

Abstract Female organizational development is the foundation for enhancing women’s political and economic capabilities. This study focuses on the urgent need for women’s participation in China’s rural revitalization and emphasizes the crucial role of promoting the organizational development of rural women. Drawing upon the innovation theory in evolutionary economics, we conducted a field survey in the Yimeng Mountain area of Shandong Province, China, involving 900 rural women. The study explores a new path of women’s organizing, specifically the innovation and transformation of rural female folk custom groups into formal organizations. Empirical analysis reveals that Village Two Committees exert the most influential positive effect on the organizational innovation of female folk custom groups among organizational factors. Additionally, institutional factors such as rural revitalization and culture construction significantly contribute to this transformation. Moreover, individual factors such as relative income levels and the exemplary role of rural capable women also exhibit significant positive influence.

বঙ্গবন্ধুর রাষ্ট্রচিন্তায় নারী উন্নয়ন ও ক্ষমতায়ন

Bangabandhu embodied the truth of equality between men and women in his philosophy. This fact is reflected through Bangabandhu's autobiography, various speeches and statements and his thoughts on women development and empowerment are revealed. Bangabandhu was aware of how the system of confinement, dowry system, child marriage, polygamy, illiteracy, superstition, religious practices etc. made women's lives miserable. Bangabandhu identified multifaceted problems in the path of women's progress and tried to solve them. He gave importance to the role of women in building a prosperous and self-reliant Bangladesh. He was also respectful of women in his personal and family life. Bangabandhu's respect for women, life-philosophy of equality between men and women, above all, Bangabandhu's far-reaching and progressive thoughts on women's development were the foundation of women's development and empowerment in post-independence Bangladesh. The theme of the present article is to uncover and evaluate the nature of Bangabandhu's thoughts on women's development and empowerment through his autobiography, speeches and statements and the various steps taken by him for women's development.

Mapping Violence Against Women within the Discourse of Globalization: An Ethnographic Study Based on South Asian Garments Factory

Globally, one of the twentieth-century developments is the increased participation of women workers in factories. Indeed, women workers continue to play an essential role in the global economy. But the participation of women in wage labour is regarded as a form of violence in South Asian countries, particularly Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. However, this study documenting the experiences of violence against women in garments factory contributes to the idea of ‘violence against women as part of Globalization. This study recognizes the relationship between the different sufferings of women workers in garment factories through a gender relations lens and the key issues involving gender inequality, education, coercion and sexual harassment and how they represent global inequality and local identity. This article also offers to understand the trends and challenges of the women workers choosing a career in the garment factory. This study was conducted among the different ages of garment women workers in the garments of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka using ethnographic study under qualitative research method involving in-depth interviews, survey and participant observation was used to collect data about their experiences and suffering of violence against women. The preliminary results of the research show that 98% of women from marginalized backgrounds have faced social, cultural, economic and health issues. In addition, 45% of women reported being sexually harassed by male garment employees. This study extends the position of women, which is the most pressing challenge for women’s empowerment. Following an ethnographic analysis of research findings, it can be said that only equal rights, respect, and gender equality pave a new path for women and eliminate all forms of violence globally.

Role of women in today’s society and the inequality in genders

The main method used was a survey which around 350 working women from multiple countries including Pakistan, Turkey, and Lebanon responded to, regarding different aspects of their professional ideologies and observations. Extensive secondary research was employed to explore the issues of role of women in society, sexual harassment faced by women in their homes and workplaces, and the magnitude of gender inequality in developing versus developed countries. The main findings concluded that gender inequality is a long-standing hurdle in the path of women. It exists at all levels in the society and is not limited to a single culture or country. The gender inequality is not the only barrier faced by women in their journeys; however, it may pave way for other obstacles like sexual harassment. The measures presently taken to combat the negative impacts of gender inequality on women are inadequate and require more thought and better implementation for them to prove fruitful in eradicating the issue.

Transgressive women in punk: Politics, sexuality, and creative aggression in the 1970s

AbstractPrior analyses have examined various elements of punk rock as an aggressive anti‐establishment cultural and social movement that arose in post‐WWII America and flourished in the 1970s. The unique gender dynamic of punk, however, has been less of a focus of historical investigation. This essay examines the lives and music of three women involved in the early years of the emergence of punk, an era overwhelmingly dominated by men. By focusing on the creative expression and Penelope Houston of Avengers, Debbie Harry of Blondie, and Wendy O. Williams of Plasmatics, this paper seeks to analyze how certain women in the punk movement explicitly sought to challenge the conventional narratives of women's social, political, and sexual roles in the late 1970s and in so doing helped to carve out new paths for women's expression and ways of being in American society.

To voice or not to voice? Israeli women activists' paths to voice

In view of the recurrent feminist calls for women to voice themselves, one of the intriguing questions is: What are the challenges in women activists' road to discovering their voice and using it strategically? This study addresses this question based on qualitative methods of interpretative analysis of personal semi-structured interviews. It explores in-depth the voices of 31 women activists and their experiences related to the topic of voice and silence in their activism. The interpretation of the findings led to the formation of a Four-State Model in Women's Path to Voice that consists of: The Missing Voice, where women feel that they don't have a voice of their own; The Safe Voice, where women who found their voice make themselves heard; The Hidden Voice, where women choose not to voice themselves in hostile environments; and The Defying Voice, where women express critical opinions in the face of opposition. The findings strengthen the understanding of various states of voice among women and the role of women's movements as catalysts for women's sense of voice, identity, and belonging. It depicts the tension between The Spiral of Voice and Persisting Selective Silences as a social phenomenon, whereas women with voice and higher positions succumb to existing social structures that marginalize them.

Religion & Menstruation: An inseparable part of women’s’ life

Introduction: Classical studies worldwide give a new dimension of how religious values motivated an individual's menstrual practice in the sociological framework and psychological understanding of social actions against social barriers in this issue. Religion argues that the law of women's social conduct and dominance is becoming a social taboo on menstruation issues. Religious structure and conviction decide a woman's path from menarche to menopause, depending on society's pattern. Methodology: The discussion is entirely based on secondary sources available in esteem journals and web pages. Discussion: Menstruation has been condemned by all religions, which has led to restrictions on socio-cultural activity during this period. The assumption is that menstrual blood is

Maternità e dipendenze: una revisione critica della letteratura

Literature and clinical practice have extensively dealt with the topic of addictions. However, there are still few studies that have systematically investigated parenting and the use or abuse of narcotics. Most focused mainly on the consequences and safety of the children involved. Aware of the need for a rigorous knowledge of the challenges, expectations and difficulties faced by the user in responding adequately to the parental role, the aim of this work is to retrace and integrate, with a critical approach, the main theoretical contributions of the last decade with a specific focus on the maternal role. We therefore argued the need for systemic care of the user starting from pregnancy, which arises as a highly stressful event that puts a strain on a woman's therapeutic path. The most recent contributions will then be explored in order to understand and explain the variability of parental responses in addictive behavior according to the neurobiological approach to the mother-infant relationship. Finally, we will mention the environmental and social correlates related to the use of substances and how these can selectively affect particular parenting skills, such as the ability to provide consistent and constant caregiving over time. The path traced up to now pushes us to the awareness of the need for a deep knowledge of the complexity of the phenomenon and a careful analysis of the needs prior to the conception of a therapeutic path. The main predictor of treatment failure in this target user is, in fact, the lack of specific intervention programs, which consider individual differences.

Historical Review of Gebang Tinatar Tegalsari Pesantren and its Genealogy Relationship with Kediri's Pesantren

Indonesia has thousands of the oldest educational institutions, namely pesantren. According to Dutch Indonesianist Martin van Bruinessen, the first pesantren institutionally was pesantren Tegalsari Ponorogo. The pesantren was founded by Kiai Ageng Muhammad Besari but experienced its heyday in the 19th century by Kiai Hasan Besari, the grandson of the founder of pesantren. Along with the dynamics of the ups and downs of Pesantren Tegalsari, the line of the intellectual struggle of pesantren continued by its descendants such as Pondok Modern Gontor and Pesantren al-Islam Joresan. Interestingly, there is an even further genealogical relationship between the popular salaf pesantren in Kediri, namely Pesantren Lirboyo, Ploso, Jampes and Bendo, which have thousands of students. This research will reveal the historical study of Pesantren Tegalsari and its genealogical relationship or relationship with the pesantren-pesantren. Through the approach of literature studies, observations and interviews, this study concluded that there is a genealogical relationship between the four popular pesantren through the descendants of the Kiai Mesir Durenan Trenggalek taken by the son-in-law by the Tegalsari breed. So, the offspring between four pesantren at Kediri and Tegalsari connected with Tegalsari Pesantren through the path of women (wives). Kiai Mesir itself is the son of Kiai Yahuda, a Ulama from Lorok Pacitan.

Women's paths to power: female presidents and prime ministers, 1960–2020

Women's paths to power: female presidents and prime ministers, 1960–2020

ОПЫТ ГЕРМАНИИ В ПОВЫШЕНИИ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО СТАТУСА ЖЕНЩИН В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ

An article about the gender equality of women in modern society on the example of Germany. The path of women in public life in Germany was difficult, but today German women have achieved great success in politics. Their number is growing both in political parties and in the country's parliament and in the structure of top leadership positions. For 16 years, the German chancellor was Angela Merkel, who led the country very successfully and is the first woman in this position and the third-longest rule in German history. At the present stage of modern history in Germany, there have been fundamental changes in the socio-political status of women, which can be described as positive. It should be pointed out that not only Germany but also the EU as a whole, has obliged the governments of all participating states to assist in resolving issues of equal rights for women and monitor the observance of their rights.

Walking and cycling for health: A multi-group analysis of path models between genders.

Walking and cycling are beneficial for urban adults' health. Transport and recreation are modifiable domains of major physical activity resources. The purposes of this study were to explore associations among psychological and environmental factors, walking and cycling behaviours and quality of life by developing a path model and comparing gender differences. A cross-sectional study. Participants were community-dwelling healthy urban adults aged 20-65 years. Data were collected between September 2019 and June 2020 by self-reported questionnaires, including health beliefs, the neighbourhood environment, walking and cycling behaviours and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale. An ANCOVA, chi-squared tests, partial least squares-path model and a multi-group analysis were performed for statistical analyses. In total, 1294 valid responses were received, which included 41.27% men and 58.73% women. Men had lower walking behaviours and better self-efficacy than women. The developed path model indicated an acceptable model fit. Significant path coefficients were found among psychological and environmental factors, walking and cycling behaviours and quality of life. The path model between men and women found no significant differences in any path coefficients. Significant path coefficients of environmental factors with cycling behaviour and of walking behaviour with quality of life were found in men but not in women. Improving individuals' health beliefs, self-efficacy and perceived walkability and cyclability is a beneficial strategy for promoting physical activity. Walking and cycling behaviours are recommended to improve the quality of life of urban adult populations. What problem did the study address? A large proportion of urban adult populations still have insufficient physical activity globally. It is essential that implications from an overall perspective of psychological and environmental factors and their interactions be integrated to develop efficient strategies for promoting physical activityand quality of life. What were the main findings? The developed path model with an acceptable model fit found that psychological and environmental factors were important in explaining urban adults' walking and cycling behaviours and quality of life. Differences were not found between men's and women's path models. Where and on whom will the research have impact? Improving urban adults' psychological and environmental factors might be an efficient strategy for promoting sufficient physical activity. Men's low engagement in walking behaviours should garner increased attention. Providing equal opportunities for both genders to engage in walking and cycling behaviours are recommended for health promotion in urban regions.

A Study to Analyze the level of “Glass Ceiling – The Invisible Barrier” as a Hindrance in Women Career Advancement in it sector with Special Reference to Gurugram and Noida (NCR Region)

In recent years, women and in addition gender orientation issues have transform into a noteworthy zone of concern. Classes, workshops are being held over the world to talk about women issues and women movement in all regions of life.Glass-Ceiling’ is that buzzword which traditionally was not a barrier to individual as such, but it was a barrier to women. Thus ‘Glass-ceiling’ is that kind of intangible barrier that is a great hindrance within a hierarchy of any organization which hinders the growth path of women in achieving top positions in workplace. The glass ceiling effect, which refers to the barriers that stop women from advancing to the top positions in their organizations. It is a form of gender discrimination. The present study is carried out to analyze the intent of the glass ceiling in the workspaces in IT sector in 02 cities of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh State, i.e., Gurugram and Noida (NCR Region). This study was conducted with the help of primary data through the recording of responses of 215 respondents working in public and private IT Sector companies of the selected areas. The primary data has been collected with the help of a well-structured questionnaire. This study will be helpful for the research scholars and the decision makers in knowing the presence of the glass ceiling in the IT sector.

Historie ženské emancipace jako téma muzejní prezentace: Příklad výstavy „Vlastním hlasem“

The article focuses on the exhibition ‘In Her Own Voice’, which the National Museum organised in 2019 to mark the 100th anniversary of women’s suffrage in Czechoslovakia. The exhibition presented the history of the processes and paths of women’s emancipation in the Czech lands in the last two centuries and put contemporary issues related to women’s emancipation, gender equality and feminism into a historical context. The aim of this text is to present the concept of the exhibition and, through rich visual documentation, also its final form. It deals with the questions raised when preparing the concept of the exhibition and the dilemmas solved in the process. It highlights the limits of the possibilities of exhibiting this topic, which are linked to the nature of existing museum collections and the underrepresentation of certain themes and life experiences in them.

Insegnare la storia delle donne e di genere oggi nella scuola primaria italiana

In the Italian education system, the attention to the gender perspective is very limited: few elements related to it are found in the Indicazioni nazionali, in teachers’ training and updating and in textbooks. Despite this, social needs and the advancement of studies require an approach that includes and values gender differences. The aim of this article is to propose a reflection on the effects of using the category of gender in education and to suggest possible paths of women’s and gender history in primary school.

Women in Neurosurgery - The Road Less Traveled.

Neurosurgery is one of the most challenging branches in medicine. Apart from rigorous training, it demands precision, perfection, and excellence. It calls for a kind of stubborn confidence in self and the will to go well beyond. It has always been a male-dominated speciality, and the path for women in neurosurgery was paved by a handful of female surgeons who took "the road less traveled." These pioneering few had to face a number of obstacles to attain their dreams, but their persistence prevailed and has set the route for future. This article highlights the progress of women in neurosurgery in India.

A discourse analysis of career experiences of women in the developing country

The efforts to reduce the widened effects of structural inequality for women in South Africa have resulted in varied experiences (Burns, Tomita, & Lund, 2017). The study problematised the unresearched and not well articulated social construct within the career experiences of women working in a telecommunication company in South Africa. This article argues that the meaning ascribed to the socio context and equity policy can better describe the dimension of the broader issue of gender inequality in post-apartheid South Africa. The study contributes to discourse analysis methods where discourse analysis was used to explain the experiences of three women who are senior managers with at least ten years of experience. The discourse-based understanding of the experiences of women in this study was reframed into and within the interactions of equity policy deliberation, societal factors and the organisational context model. These interactions allowed interpretation of the career choice for women and what it means for personal development. The model of career experience depicts strong alternative views on a career path for women. The results of this study provide unique findings for justice regulation in the workplace for women in South Africa.