Pathogenesis Of Oral Diseases Research Articles

Computational Methods for Image Analysis in Craniofacial Development and Disease.

Observation is at the center of all biological sciences. Advances in imaging technologies are therefore essential to derive novel biological insights to better understand the complex workings of living systems. Recent high-throughput sequencing and imaging techniques are allowing researchers to simultaneously address complex molecular variations spatially and temporarily in tissues and organs. The availability of increasingly large dataset sizes has allowed for the evolution of robust deep learning models, designed to interrogate biomedical imaging data. These models are emerging as transformative tools in diagnostic medicine. Combined, these advances allow for dynamic, quantitative, and predictive observations of entire organisms and tissues. Here, we address 3 main tasks of bioimage analysis, image restoration, segmentation, and tracking and discuss new computational tools allowing for 3-dimensional spatial genomics maps. Finally, we demonstrate how these advances have been applied in studies of craniofacial development and oral disease pathogenesis.

The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of oral diseases.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for protein synthesis, transport, and folding, as well as calcium storage, lipid and steroid synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) occurs when misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen due to increased protein secretion or impaired folding. While the role of ERS in disease pathogenesis has been widely studied, most research has focused on extraoral diseases, leaving the role of ERS in intraoral diseases unclear. This review examines the role of ERS in oral diseases and oral fibrosis pathogenesis. A systematic search of literature through July 2023 was conducted in the MEDLINE database (via PubMed) using specific terms related to ERS, oral diseases, and fibrosis. The findings were summarized in both table and narrative form. Emerging evidence indicates that ERS significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of oral diseases and fibrosis. ERS-induced dysregulation of protein folding and the unfolded protein response can lead to cellular dysfunction and inflammation in oral tissues. Understanding the relationship between ERS and oral disease pathogenesis could offer new therapeutic targets for managing oral health and fibrosis-related complications.

РАЗРАБОТКА СОСТАВА И ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО СРЕДСТВА ДЛЯ ПОЛОСТИ РТА

Inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity belong to the category of widespread pathologies and are characterized by a diverse etiology. For their treatment and prevention, herbal remedies that have the properties of a complex effect on the causes and nature of the development of the inflammatory process are quite often and quite reasonably used. Jujube leaves seem to be a promising source of biologically active substances (BAS) for inclusion in anti-inflammatory drugs for the oral cavity due to their significant content of flavonoids, phenolcarboxylic acids, triterpene compounds and other groups of BAS, which individually and in combination determine the target activity. In addition, according to the literature, compounds that cause an anesthetic effect in the oral cavity were found in the leaves of jujube. Free radical oxidation and subsequent disruption of the integrity of cell membranes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases. In this regard, a promising direction in the comprehensive prevention and treatment of oral diseases is the use of antioxidant drugs, among which ethyl methylhydroxypyridine succinate (EMHPS) is quite popular in this regard. EMGPS inhibits the oxidation of biological membranes, increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and also participates in the regulation of metabolic activity of cells. It seemed appropriate to develop a composition and evaluate the quality of an oral product based on a complex of biologically active substances from jujube leaves and EMGPS with a predicted complex anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. Determination of commodity indicators of jujube leaves, dry residue, alcohol content in the alcohol extract and pH of the oral product was carried out using pharmacopoeial methods. pH was measured using a Mettler Toledo pH meter. An alcoholic extract from jujube leaves in the form of a tincture was obtained by fractional maceration using 40% ethyl alcohol, which selectively extracts flavonoids from this raw material. The quantitative content of flavonoids was determined by differential spectrophotometry using a Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer. Quantitative analysis of EMGPS was carried out titrimetrically using the non-aqueous titration method. It has been established that the developed oral product containing tincture of jujube leaves and EMGPS is characterized by satisfactory quality indicators. The proposed methods for the quantitative determination of active substances make it possible to statistically reliably control their content in the composition.

Circulating Metabolites and Dental Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study

It is of great importance to uncover causal biomarkers to gain insight into the pathogenesis of oral diseases and identify novel treatment targets for prevention and treatment thereof. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the causal effects of hundreds of metabolites on 10 dental traits using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies of 309 known metabolites were used as instrumental variables. We selected 10 dental traits, including clinical measures of dental diseases, from the Gene–Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints Consortium and self-reported oral health data from the UK Biobank. The causal relationships between metabolites and dental traits were inferred using the inverse variance–weighted approach and further controlled for horizontal pleiotropy using 5 additional MR methods. After correcting for multiple tests, 5 metabolites were identified as causal biomarkers. Genetically predicted increased levels of mannose were associated with lower risk of bleeding gums (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.85; P = 9.9 × 10−5). MR also indicated 4 metabolites on the causal pathway to dentures, with fructose (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36–0.70; P = 5.2 × 10−5) and 1-palmitoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56–0.81; P = 4.8 × 10−5) as potential protective factors and glycine (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.11–1.35; P = 5.6×10−5) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14–1.52; P = 1.5 × 10−4) as risk factors. The causal associations were robust in various sensitivity analyses. We further observed some shared metabolites among different dental traits, implying similar biological mechanisms underlying the pathogenic processes. Finally, the pathway analysis revealed several significant metabolic pathways that may be involved in the development of dental disorders. Our study provides novel insights into the combination of metabolomics and genomics to reveal the pathogenesis of and therapeutic strategies for dental disorders. It highlighted 5 metabolites and several pathways as causal candidates, warranting further investigation.

Patterns of nonsyndromic tooth agenesis and sexual dimorphism

BackgroundSex dimorphism has been implicated in oral health differences and the pathogenesis of oral diseases, such as tooth agenesis, periodontal disease, dental caries, and tooth loss. Tooth agenesis (TA) is one of the most common developmental anomalies in humans, and its prevalence and patterns are different across ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypes and sex-associated patterns of nonsyndromic tooth agenesis (TA) in Thai dental patients.MethodsOne thousand ninety panoramic radiographs were examined. One hundred and one subjects (37 males, 64 females, 15–20 years-old) with nonsyndromic TA were evaluated. Differences in TA prevalence between groups were analyzed using the chi-square or Fisher exact test.ResultsThe TA prevalence, excluding third molars, was 9.3% and more frequently found in the mandible compared with the maxilla. The maxilla demonstrated a higher prevalence of first premolar agenesis than the mandible (P = 0.012), while the mandible had a higher prevalence of second premolar agenesis than the maxilla (P = 0.031). There were significantly more males missing one tooth than females, however, there were more females missing two or more teeth than males (P = 0.042). A missing maxillary left lateral incisor was significantly more frequent in males (P = 0.019), while a missing mandibular right lateral incisor was more frequent in females (P = 0.025). In females, the pattern of two mandibular lateral incisors agenesis was the most common and significantly present in females more than males (P = 0.015). In contrast, the pattern of one mandibular left lateral incisor agenesis was only observed in males and significantly found in males more than females (P = 0.047).ConclusionsWe demonstrate sex-associated differences in nonsyndromic tooth agenesis. The prevalence of single tooth agenesis was higher in males, while that of two or more teeth agenesis was higher in females. We found different patterns of lateral incisor agenesis between males and females.

The role of the immune system in the formation and development of diseases of the oral cavity

Aims: the goals were to clarify immune mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, as well as to identify biomarkers of disease severity, to assess the impacts of environmental factors on immune responses, and to explore immune-modulating therapeutic interventions. Study design: a narrative literature review. Place and Duration of Study: from 2019 to 2022. Methodology: a narrative review using the keywords "Immune System AND Oral Cavity" identified 15,438 studies on PubMed. Refinement excluded articles published before 2019 or after 2022, and those that were not trials or studies, resulting in a total of 41 articles. Following assessment, 15 only highly relevant articles were included into the review. Results: This narrative review has explored the involvement of the immune system in the development and progression of oral diseases. The key lessons were shown through the underlying mechanisms consisting of inflammatory mediators in the cases of oral graft-versus-host disease and oral lichen planus and the progression of oral cells cancer. The research uncovered the impact of the immune system on conditions such as periodontitis, highlighting the potential predictive utility of oral biomarkers in diagnosing disease progression and metastasis. Also, the modulation of the immune response was shown to be another possible approach for patient management in oral health field, thereby, facilitating new strategies. As a whole, these findings shed light on the massive body of targeted research into the specific immune pathways. This underscored the necessity for developing interventions that navigate the intricate interplay between the immune system and oral diseases. Conclusion: The narrative review illustrated that the immune system is dual faced in the oral cavity, being a factor that influences the final outcome without excluding the significance of other factors. It was established that distinct immunological profiles exist for numerous oral disorders, where the factors like IFN-γ and TNF can be taken as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy.

The role of the immune system in the formation and development of diseases of the oral cavity

Aims: the goals were to clarify immune mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, as well as to identify biomarkers of disease severity, to assess the impacts of environmental factors on immune responses, and to explore immune-modulating therapeutic interventions. Study design: a narrative literature review. Place and Duration of Study: from 2019 to 2022. Methodology: a narrative review using the keywords "Immune System AND Oral Cavity" identified 15,438 studies on PubMed. Refinement excluded articles published before 2019 or after 2022, and those that were not trials or studies, resulting in a total of 41 articles. Following assessment, 15 only highly relevant articles were included into the review. Results: This narrative review has explored the involvement of the immune system in the development and progression of oral diseases. The key lessons were shown through the underlying mechanisms consisting of inflammatory mediators in the cases of oral graft-versus-host disease and oral lichen planus and the progression of oral cells cancer. The research uncovered the impact of the immune system on conditions such as periodontitis, highlighting the potential predictive utility of oral biomarkers in diagnosing disease progression and metastasis. Also, the modulation of the immune response was shown to be another possible approach for patient management in oral health field, thereby, facilitating new strategies. As a whole, these findings shed light on the massive body of targeted research into the specific immune pathways. This underscored the necessity for developing interventions that navigate the intricate interplay between the immune system and oral diseases. Conclusion: The narrative review illustrated that the immune system is dual faced in the oral cavity, being a factor that influences the final outcome without excluding the significance of other factors. It was established that distinct immunological profiles exist for numerous oral disorders, where the factors like IFN-γ and TNF can be taken as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy.

The salivary exosomal microRNA as a potential biomarker in patients with periodontitis and oral cancers.

Periodontitis and oral cancers are the most common oral diseases in the human population. The early diagnosis of oral diseases allows the efficient therapy of the patient. During oral diseases, resident cells in the affected tissue secrete exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) into saliva. As these miRNAs have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, they have been suggested as non-invasive and validated biomarkers in predicting periodontitis severity and cancer progression. Several attempts have been performed to evaluate the expression of salivary exosomal miRNAs in patients with periodontitis and oral cancers. Some miRNAs are differentially expressed in the saliva of the affected patients when compared to healthy individuals. These miRNAs are reviewed in this narrative review. Collectively, it seems that salivary exosomal microRNAs could be used as a diagnostic biomarker in oral diseases. However, further studies are required to validate them.

MAIT cells and their implication in human oral diseases.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unique innate-like T cells that are abundant in humans, accounting for 1-10% of circulating T cells and about 2% of total T cells in human oral cavity. MAIT cells can mount a strong immune response quickly without exogenous antigens and undergo a phenotypic transformation in the development of diseases. They produce cytokines involved in the Th1 and Th17 immune response and cytotoxic proteins, promote the dysfunction of autoreactive B cell and inhibit the function of NK cells. MAIT cells have been widely explored in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and tumors, and these mechanisms may also be involved in the pathogenesis of some oral diseases, while MAIT cells have not been systematically discussed in oral diseases. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Microsoft Bing databases to review and analyze relevant literatures on the impact of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of human oral diseases. Collected evidence elucidated the characteristics of MAIT cells and emphasized the potential roles of MAIT cells in oral lichen planus (OLP), chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), apical periodontitis (AP) and primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS).

Antibacterial Activity of Silver and Gold Particles Formed on Titania Thin Films.

Metal-based nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity are gaining a lot of attention in recent years due to the increased antibiotics resistance. The development and the pathogenesis of oral diseases are usually associated with the formation of bacteria biofilms on the surfaces; therefore, it is crucial to investigate the materials and their properties that would reduce bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. This work provides a systematic investigation of the physical-chemical properties and the antibacterial activity of TiO2 thin films decorated by Ag and Au nanoparticles (NP) against Veillonella parvula and Neisseria sicca species associated with oral diseases. TiO2 thin films were formed using reactive magnetron sputtering by obtaining as-deposited amorphous and crystalline TiO2 thin films after annealing. Au and Ag NP were formed using a two-step process: magnetron sputtering of thin metal films and solid-state dewetting. The surface properties and crystallographic nature of TiO2/NP structures were investigated by SEM, XPS, XRD, and optical microscopy. It was found that the higher thickness of Au and Ag thin films results in the formation of the enlarged NPs and increased distance between them, influencing the antibacterial activity of the formed structures. TiO2 surface with AgNP exhibited higher antibacterial efficiency than Au nanostructured titania surfaces and effectively reduced the concentration of the bacteria. The process of the observation and identification of the presence of bacteria using the deep learning technique was realized.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clinical Oral Isolates of Actinomyces spp.

Actinomyces species play an important role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases and infections. Susceptibility testing is not always routinely performed, and one may oversee a shift in resistance patterns. The aim of the study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of 100 well-identified clinical oral isolates of Actinomyces spp. against eight selected antimicrobial agents using the agar dilution (AD) and E-Test (ET) methods. We observed no to low resistance against penicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, meropenem, clindamycin, linezolid and tigecycline (0–2% ET, 0% AD) but high levels of resistance to moxifloxacin (93% ET, 87% AD) and daptomycin (83% ET, 95% AD). The essential agreement of the two methods was very good for benzylpenicillin (EA 95%) and meropenem (EA 92%). The ET method was reliable for correctly categorizing susceptibility, in comparison with the reference method agar dilution, except for daptomycin (categorical agreement 87%). Penicillin is still the first-choice antibiotic for therapy of diseases caused by Actinomyces spp.

The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the Pathogenesis of Oral Diseases

The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the Pathogenesis of Oral Diseases

Kefir alters craniomandibular bone development in rats fed excess dose of high fructose corn syrup.

Dietary high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is involved in the pathogenesis of oral diseases as well as metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HFCS-feeding on the craniomandibular bone development at an early age and also the potential of milk kefir for preventive treatment. In this study, Control, Kefir, HFCS, and HFCS plus Kefir groups were formed; kefir was given by gastric gavage, while HFCS (20% beverages) was given in drinking water; for 8weeks. Based on morphological evaluations, immunohistochemical, and gene expression results, it was clearly determined that excess dose of HFCS consumption decreased osteoblastic activity in craniomandibular bones while increasing osteoclastic activity. However, it has been determined that the intake of kefir with the HFCS-feeding greatly suppresses the effects of HFCS on bone tissues. In conclusion, dietary the excess dose of HFCS at an early age has been observed to pose a risk for cranial and mandible bone development. The healing effects of kefir may be a new approach to the treatment via kefir consumption in young's.

Smoking increases oral mucosa susceptibility to Candida albicans infection via the Nrf2 pathway: In vitro and animal studies.

Smoking and Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection are risk factors for many oral diseases. Several studies have reported a close relationship between smoking and the occurrence of C. albicans infection. However, the exact underlying mechanism of this relationship remains unclear. We established a rat infection model and a C. albicans‐Leuk1 epithelial cell co‐culture model with and without smoke exposure to investigate the mechanism by which smoking contributes to C. albicans infection. Oral mucosa samples from healthy individuals and patients with oral leucoplakia were also analysed according to their smoking status. Our results indicated that smoking induced oxidative stress and redox dysfunction in the oral mucosa. Smoking‐induced Nrf2 negatively regulated the NLRP3 inflammasome, impaired the oral mucosal defence response and increased the oral mucosa susceptibility to C. albicans. The results suggest that the Nrf2 pathway could be involved in the pathogenesis of oral diseases by mediating an antioxidative response to cigarette smoke exposure and suppressing host immunity against C. albicans.

Biofilm Models to Study the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Oral Diseases.

More than 700 microbial species inhabit the complex environment of the oral cavity. For years microorganisms have been studied in pure cultures, a highly artificial situation because microorganisms in natural habitats grow as complex ecologies, termed biofilms. These resemble multicellular organisms and are characterized by their overall metabolic activity upon multiple cellular interactions. Microorganisms in biofilms express different genes than their planktonic counterparts, resulting in higher resistance to antimicrobials, different nutritional requirements, or creation of a low redox potential allowing the growth of strictly anaerobic bacteria in the presence of oxygen. Multiple in vitro biofilm models have been described in the literature so far. The main emphasis here will be on multispecies biofilm batch culture models developed in Zurich. The standard 6-species supragingival biofilm model has been used to study basic aspects of oral biofilms such as structure, social behavior, and spatial distribution of microorganisms, or diffusion properties. Numerous parameters related to the inhibition of dental plaque were tested illustrating the high reliability of the model to predict the in vivo efficiency of antimicrobials. Modifications and advancements led to a 10-species subgingival model often combined with human gingival epithelial cells, as an integral part of the oral innate immune system, eliciting various cell responses ranging from cytokine production to apoptosis. In conclusion, biofilm models enable a multitude of questions to be addressed that cannot be studied with planktonic monocultures. The Zurich in vitro biofilm models are reproducible and reliable and may be used for basic studies, but also for application-oriented questions that could not be addressed using culture techniques. Oral biofilm research will certainly lead to a more realistic assessment of the role of microorganisms in the oral cavity in health and disease. In this respect, substantial progress has been made, but there is still more to explore.

Evaluation of Salivary and Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Peroxidation in Postmenopausal Women.

Objective In menopause, reduction of estrogen hormone affects oxidative stress process in serum. Oxidative stress in saliva plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of oral diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in the serum and saliva of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods In this case control study, 50 postmenopausal women (case group) and 48 premenopausal women (control group) were selected. The unstimulated whole saliva and serum of the postmenopausal and premenopausal women were collected. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the saliva and serum was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Also, malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method for serum and saliva. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 17, whereby Mann–Whitney test and Spearman's correlation test were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The postmenopausal group had significantly lower mean serum TAC and higher mean serum MDA than the control group (P < 0 < 001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The mean salivary TAC and MDA, however, did not differ significantly between the case and control group (P = 0.64 and P = 0.08, respectively). Conclusion In postmenopausal women, with elevation of serum MDA and reduction of serum TAC, the extent of serum oxidative stress grows, but MDA and TAC levels of saliva do not change.

Proteome Analysis of Molecular Events in Oral Pathogenesis and Virus: A Review with a Particular Focus on Periodontitis.

Some systemic diseases are unquestionably related to periodontal health, as periodontal disease can be an extension or manifestation of the primary disease process. One example is spontaneous gingival bleeding, resulting from anticoagulant treatment for cardiac diseases. One important aspect of periodontal therapy is the care of patients with poorly controlled disease who require surgery, such as patients with uncontrolled diabetes. We reviewed research on biomarkers and molecular events for various diseases, as well as candidate markers of periodontal disease. Content of this review: (1) Introduction, (2) Periodontal disease, (3) Bacterial and viral pathogens associated with periodontal disease, (4) Stem cells in periodontal tissue, (5) Clinical applications of mass spectrometry using MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analyses, (6) Proteome analysis of molecular events in oral pathogenesis of virus in GCF, saliva, and other oral Components in periodontal disease, (7) Outlook for the future and (8) Conclusions. This review discusses proteome analysis of molecular events in the pathogenesis of oral diseases and viruses, and has a particular focus on periodontitis.

Autophagy and the potential linkage with the human oral diseases

Autophagy is a cell survival mechanism that has a key role in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. In this cellular ‘clearance’ process, damaged organelles and macromolecules are transported to the lysosomes for degradation. With autophagy, a protection mechanism occurs in the cell under difficult conditions including oxidative stress and lack of growth factor. Paradoxically, in autophagy under some conditions, non-apoptotic cell death can be observed via a caspase-independent pathway. Recent, studies indicated that there is a strong correlation between the composition of the oral microbiota and the pathogenesis of oral diseases, and autophagy plays a crucial role in the development of this process. This review is focused on the molecular mechanism of autophagy and its relationship with human oral diseases. In this review, the importance of the autophagy mechanism in the maintenance of oral tissue health is emphasized. After examining the studies, we observed the importance of autophagy in response to a variety of oral diseases and aimed to present this awareness. Thus, a better understanding of autophagy will be the basis for developing new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of oral diseases.

Impact of Epigenetic Alterations in the Development of Oral Diseases

Epigenetic mechanisms alter gene expression and regulate vital cellular processes that contribute to the onset and progression of major dental diseases. Their reversible character may prove beneficial for therapeutic targeting. This review aims to provide an update on the main epigenetic changes that contribute to the pathogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), pulpitis and periodontitis as well as dental caries and congenital orofacial malformations, in an effort to identify potential therapeutic targets. We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases (PubMed and MEDLINE) for peer-reviewed epigenetic research studies focused on oral diseases in the last ten years. A qualitative content analysis was performed in screened papers and a critical discussion of main findings is provided. Several epigenetic modifications have been associated with OSCC pathogenesis, including promoter methylation of genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and proliferation leading to malignant transformation. Additionally, epigenetic inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, overexpression of histone chaperones and several microRNAs are implicated in OSCC aggressiveness. Changes in the methylation patterns of IFN-γ and trimethylation of histone Η3Κ27 have been detected in pulpitis, along with an aberrant expression of several microRNAs, mainly affecting cytokine production. Chronic periodontal disease has been associated with modifications in the methylation patterns of Toll-Like Receptor 2, Prostaglandin synthase 2, E-cadherin and some inflammatory cytokines, along with the overexpression of miR-146a and miR155. Furthermore, DNA methylation was found to regulate amelogenesis and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of dental caries as well as in several congenital orofacial malformations. Strong evidence indicates that epigenetic changes participate in the pathogenesis of oral diseases and epigenetic targeting may be considered as a complementary therapeutic scheme to the current management of oral health.

Salivary antioxidant status and oral health in children and adolescents

Introduction. The pathogenesis of oral diseases may be associated with oxidative stress. Salivary antioxidant system constitutes one of the key salivary defence mechanisms against pathogens and a protective factor for oral cavity. Aim. To investigate the relationship between oral health (hygiene level, gingival and dental health), age and gender and antioxidant capacity parameters in children and adolescents with permanent dentition. Material and methods. A total of 87 patients were examined. DMFT/DMFS and white spot lesions (WSL), oral hygiene level and gingival health were assessed. Salivary samples were collected from all participants. Unstimulated salivary flow was calculated and salivary samples were assayed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results. Antioxidant capacity parameters were lower in patients with caries, active caries, white spot lesions, poor oral hygiene and gingivitis, but the differences were not statistically significant. Oxidative stress parameters were significantly higher in low unstimulated salivary flow. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed no relationship between TAC or FRAP values and patients’ gender, but there was a positive correlation between TAC/FRAP and patients’ age. Conclusions. Salivary antioxidant capacity parameters differ in certain oral conditions. There is a correlation between salivary antioxidant capacity parameters and patients’ age.