Path Way Research Articles

Electrochemical Activity and Stability of Pure Gadolinium Doped Ceria as Fuel Electrode in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

The utilization of novel fuel electrode materials could be a valid solution to improve the durability of solid oxide electrolysis cells and the path way for worldwide commercialization. Especially, Ni-free fuel electrodes are promising to eliminate Ni migration as an important degradation mechanism. Gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) is an interesting material due to its good stability towards carbon deposition and the possibility to host electrocatalysis in electrolysis conditions. The present study aims to investigate the performance, electrochemical processes and long-term stability of pure GDC fuel electrode single cells. The results show a lower degradation rate in comparison to similar produced Ni-GDC single cells in steam electrolysis conditions and around 70 % of its performance. Furthermore, the charge transfer in the GDC fuel electrode is identified as the reaction rate-determining process in the GDC fuel electrode single cells.

Light and Solvent Effect on Isomerization and Excimer Formation of Pyrene—Schiff Base Conjugate Sensing Aromatic Analytes

AbstractPyrene is a fluorescent polycyclic aromatic compound and it will be fascinating whether its excimer complex can be used for sensing of aromatic analytes. So, (E)‐3,4,5‐tris(dodecyloxy)‐N'‐(pyren‐1‐ylmethylene) benzohydrazide (P@M) is synthesized. The E (trans)‐isomer of P@M exhibits bright fluorescence for excimer formation in non‐aromatic solvents for closeness of pyrene moieties of E‐P@M. Upon photo‐irradiation with λ = 254 nm E‐P@M changes to Z‐P@M (cis ‐isomer) at 10−4 M concentration in methyl cyclohexane (MCH) yielding diminished PL‐intensity. Interestingly, upon photo irradiation with λ = 365 nm, the Z‐isomer of P@M reverts to E‐isomer indicating that, E‐Z isomerization of P@M is reversible in nature. The UV–vis absorption band at 370 nm of E‐P@M in MCH at 10−4 M shifts to 344 nm for its Z‐isomer formation. The thick supramolecular aggregated morphology of E‐P@M changes to flowery needle like morphology after photo irradiation with λ = 254 nm. The fluorescent emission of E‐P@M in MCH is quickly quenched on addition of different aromatic analytes through both static and dynamic path way. In solid state E‐P@M also sense aromatic vapors efficiently via fluorescence quenching.

Biological reduction and hydrodechlorination of chlorinated nitroaromatic antibiotic chloramphenicol under H2-transfer membrane biofilm reactor

Chlorinated nitroaromatic antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) is a persistent pollutant that is widely present in environments. A H2 transfer membrane biofilm reactor (H2-MBfR) and short-term batch tests were setup to investigate the co-removal of CAP and NO3-. Results showed that the presence of CAP (<10 mg L-1) has no effect on the denitrification process while 100% removal efficiency of CAP can be obtained when nitrate was absent. Nitroaromatic reduction and completely dechlorination were successfully realized when CAP was removed. The CAP transformation product p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was detected and batch tests revealed that the hydroxy carboxylation was far faster than nitroaromatic reduction when p-nitrobenzyl alcohol (PNBOH) was conversed to p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). The path way of CAP degradation was proposed based on the intermediate’s analysis. Microbial community analysis indicated that Pleomorphomonadaceae accounts for the dechlorination of CAP.

Drilling down the bioequivalence assessment of topical antifungal products: Microstructure and release

In recent years, the regulatory mechanisms for topical generic product bioequivalence (BE) assessment have been subjected to noteworthy changes, with the FDA issuing product specific guidances, and the EMA adopting a more universal approach with the quality and equivalence of topical products draft guideline. The agencies advise on a modular strategy for BE documentation. Nevertheless, their scope, data analysis and criteria are rather distinct.This study aims to tackle bioequivalence assessment issues of complex topical formulations starting by statistical implications of the EMA/FDA approaches concerning the documentation of qualitative (Q1), quantitative (Q2), microstructure (Q3) and performance requirements (Q4). As a model drug product, a bifonazole 10 mg/g cream formulation was selected. For this specific formulation, the commercially available Reference Product (RP) was compared with two comparator products, also commercially available, referred to as comparator product A (CPA) and comparator product B (CPB). The former displays Q1 sameness and Q2 differences, whilst CPB is categorically considered as Q1/Q2 different. Furthermore, intending to establish a regulatory rationale for the submission of a generic product according to the updated regulatory requirements, the RP was likewise compared with a Test Product (TP). This formulation was designed to display equal Q1/Q2 profile to that of the RP. Validated rheology and in vitro release test (IVRT) methods were used to infer on Q3/Q4 characteristics.During rheology studies, statistically significant RP batch to batch differences were observed. Therefore, in an attempt to surpass this heterogeneity, the initial pool of RP batches was expanded to include RP product batches at different lifecycle stages. Despite this effort, it was not possible to classify the RP/TP, RP/CPA or RP/CPB as rheologically equivalent products. Nevertheless, product performance results, retrieved from IVRT, were able to sustain equivalence between the RP and the formulations exhibiting Q1 sameness (TP and CPA). It should however be mentioned, that for some RP batch combinations, the IVRT results failed to demonstrate equivalence according to the EMA requirements. Enlarging the RP batch pool was then a critical step in further understanding an optimum statistical approach for establishing equivalence in product performance.This study highlights the need to that a ‘one-fits-all approach’ may not be an optimum path way for establishing the regulatory strategy and requirements to support generic product bioequivalence.

The Effect of Eutrophication on Drinking Water

The effects of eutrophication on the environment may have deteriorate consequences of health of exposed animal and human populations through various path way’s. when fresh water, extracted from eutrophic areas, is used for the production of drinking water severe impacts can also occur during watering in eutrophic waters. eutrophication is complex processes which occurs both in fresh and marine waters, where certain types of algae disturbs the aquatic ecosystem and become a threat for animals and human health the primary cause of eutrophication is an excessive concentration of plant nutrient’s originating from agriculture of sewage treatment. The main cause of eutrophication is the large input of nutrient mixed to water body and the main effect is imbalance in the food web that results in the high levels of phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae biomass in stratified water bodies. This can lead algal blooms. The direct consequences is in an excess of oxygen consumption near bottom of the water body. eutrophication processes can be divided in to two categories depending on weather they are linked to the nutrients dispersion and phytoplankaton growth to oxygen cycle near the bottom of the water body. Various effects can be observed depending upon the severity of the eutrophication. Treatment of eutrophic water for producing drinking water. algae disturbs the aquatic ecosystems a threat for animal and human health..eutrophication concern the availability of oxygens. Some species of algae may also contain toxins but incidents where fresh water algae or the origin of cause human or animal illness. Some cynobacteria have capacity to produces toxins dangerous to human beings. A variety of symptoms depending on toxins implicated our observed such as fatigues, headache, diarrhoea, vomiting, and some throat fever skin irritations. Good practices to inform people about risks of bathing or sporting activity in normally colored or turbid waters. Allergic bathers of people walking along shore of water body affected by algae blooms. Any allergies releasing not only toxin but also allergic compounds. In some specific case; local authorities must rely on eutrophic water for producing drinking water.

Using the composite material of GO and g-C3N4 nanosheets as substrate to in-situ grow Co3O4 nanosheets for efficient Hg0 removal

Chemisorption is an effective method to remove Hg0 from coal-fired flue gas. During this process, Hg0 will convert to Hg2+ and be solidified on sorbent surface. The number of adsorption sites and the electron transfer between Hg0 and sorbents play an important role in the removal process. In the present work, GO with a rapid electron transfer was compounded with NS-g-C3N4 to improve the electron donating ability of NS-g-C3N4. After that, Co3O4 nanosheets were grown in-situ in the interlayer space of GO and NS-g-C3N4 composites. A series of sorbents were successfully synthesized by changing GO concentration. SEM and TEM results show that the corresponding Co3O4/GCN (GCN denote the GO and NS-g-C3N4 composites) sorbent has better Co3O4 nanosheet dispersibility when GO concentration is 5 mg/mL. This results in a large amount of chemisorbed oxygen, which is favor to the oxidation of Hg0 to HgO. In addition, XPS results show that the interaction between Co3O4 and GCN give a rapid electrons transfer from GCN to Co3O4, thus improving the activation of gaseous oxygen. Therefore, Co3O4/GCN-5 has excellent Hg0 removal efficiency of about 95 % at 200 °C and high stability under different flue gas conditions. A probable reaction path way was deduced by the results of XPS and Hg0 adsorption–desorption experiment.

Mechanical and water resistance performance of physically cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) composite with poly(dopamine) modified cellulose nanocrystals

A novel strategy was developed for the construction of physically cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol)- PVA composite reinforced by poly(dopamine) modified cellulose nanocrystals (PDA@CNCs) with robust mechanical and water resistance property. The PDA@CNC hybrid had improved thermal stability and the rod-like morphology of CNCs was well preserved after the PDA modification. The Young’s modulus, tensile strength and water resistance property of physically cross-linked PDA@CNC/PVA composites were obviously improved compared with the composites without cross-linking. The improved properties of the PDA@CNC/PVA composites were attributed to the destruction of intramolecular hydrogen bond and reconstruction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds as well as ferric ions coordination cross-linking interactions. The excellent mechanical and water resistance property of the developed PDA@CNC/PVA provides a path way for the development of water induced-mechanically adaptive PDA@CNC functional nanocomposites for applications such as direct ink writing in 3D/4D printing.

Abstract 14940: Neonatal Cardiac Mesenchymal Stem Cells Target ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway to Ameliorate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Acute Kidney Injury

Introduction: Failure of multidrug therapy and the multifactorial nature of kidney injury has paved the path way regenerative medicine with over 45 clinical trials using stem cells-based therapy underway. Neonatal cardiac mesenchymal stem cells (nMSC) are one of the most potent stem cells due to their secretome. HYPOTHESIS: SOD2 and anti-inflammatory miRNAs (miR-214 &amp; 95p) in paracrine secretions (secretome) of nMSC provides renoprotection in a rodent model of glycerol-induced AKI. Methods: nMSC were generated from neonatal myocardium using enzymatic digestion and antibodies-based selection. Secretome was collected by conditioning nMSCs for 72 hours in serum free basal medium. Human kidney cells (HKC) were used for in vitro anti-oxidation assays using cisplatin. THP-1 cells were used for anti-inflammatory assessment. CD1 mice were used for glycerol-induced AKI model. Mice were subjected to AKI via IM glycerol (9mg/kg). nMSC-derived secretome was intravenously administered immediately after, or 4 hours post-glycerol. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were analyzed in serum. Cell survival/KIM1 was assessed by immunohistology/FACS. Other experiments utilized cisplatin toxicity in HKC. Results: Administration of nMSC secretome (5 or 10mg/kg) at the same time or 4-hours post-glycerol administration significantly reduced serum creatinine and BUN in a glycerol induced AKI animal model. Caspase-9 and KIM1 expression was significantly decreased in tubular cells as compared to placebo at a dose of 10mg/kg. KIM-1 was significantly downregulated as compared to placebo following nMSC-secretome administration. Western blot analysis of HKC treated with cisplatin in presence of nMSC-secretome showed significant reduction in NFkb and pERK expression (p&lt;0.05) at 200 μg/ml of nMSC-secretome. IL-8 secretion from macrophages was significantly decreased by nMSC-secretome. Data showing the role of miR-210 in renoprotection will also be shown. Conclusion: nMSC and nMSC-derived secretome provide a renoprotective effect in the setting of glycerol-induced AKI. The mechanism of this effect is driven, at least in part, by a reduction in NfκB and pERK related signaling.

Synthesis of activated carbon-surfactant modified montmorillonite clay-alginate composite membrane for methylene blue adsorption

In this research work, a novel composite membrane was synthesized from activated carbon (AC) derived from sesban, sodium benzyl dodycyel sulphate (SBDS) treated montmorillonite (MMT) clay and alginate (alg) for the adsorption of methylene-blue (MB) dye. The AC-MMT-alg composite membranes were characterized using analytical characterizations such as FTIR, SEM, EDX and TGA analysis. Several important factors like initial solution pH, contact time, membrane dose, MB concentrations and temperature effect on the adsorption efficiency of membrane were investigated. MB dye adsorption on the synthesized membrane was explained well by pseudo second order equation. Isotherm study showed that MB adsorption data followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption capacity of membrane for MB was 1429 mg/g from aqueous solution. Thermodynamic study confirmed endothermic and spontaneous MB adsorption on the adsorbent. The mechanistic path way indicated that electrostatic forces were involved in this adsorption process. The synthesized membrane proved an efficient adsorbent for MB adsorption from aqueous media.

Effect of rGO support on Gd@ZnO for UV–visible-light driven photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation

In this manuscript, we report the hydrothermally prepared rGO/Gd@ZnO nanocomposite for the utilization of photocatalytic Rh B (rhodamine B) dye degradation. The required characterization techniques were carried out to analyse the structural, morphological, chemical, environmental and optical behaviour of the prepared nanoparticles. Photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared nanoparticles was studied by Rh B dye degradation upon UV–Vis-light illumination which reveals that composite catalyst degrades the dye molecule about 91% after 40 min of irradiation. On comparing the higher degradation efficiency of the rGO/Gd@ZnO nanocomposite with that of ZnO and Gd doped ZnO, it reveals a greater reduction of charge carriers’ recombination, higher visible-light utilization and higher adsorption efficiency. Elemental trapping experiment and recycling test were conducted to study the influence of active radicals for the degradation reaction and to know the stability of the prepared nanocomposite, respectively. Hence, this rGO supported Gd doped ZnO nanocomposite can provide a new path way in preparing a highly efficient photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation at large.

Unified Approach to Fractional Calculus Images Involving the Pathway Transform of Extended k -Gamma Function and Applications

A path way model is concerned with the rules of swapping among different classes of functions. Such model is significant to fit a parametric class of distributions for new data. Based on a such model, the path way or P δ transform is of binomial type and contains a family of different transforms. Taking inspiration from these facts, present research is concerned with the computation of new fractional calculus images involving the extended k -gamma function. The non-integer kinetic equations containing the extended k -gamma function is solved by using pathway transform as well as validated with the earlier obtained results. P δ transform of Dirac delta function is obtained which proved useful to achieve the purpose. As customary, the results for the frequently used Laplace transform can be recovered by taking δ ⟶ 1 in the definition of P δ transform. Important new identities involving the Fox-Wright function are obtained and used to simplify the results. It is remarkable that the several new and novel results involving the classical gamma function became possible by using this approach.

Temperature dependence of kinetics pathway of γ′ precipitation in Co-Al-W superalloys: A phase-field study

The expeditious development of novel Co-based superalloys depends on achieving a compressive understanding of the kinetics path way of γ′ precipitates. This paper investigates the temperature dependence of evolution processing and mechanism of γ′ phase in a model Co-9.5Al-9W (at%) alloy using phase-field method. The simulated microstructures during aging at 700, 800 and 900 ℃ show that spherical γ′ quickly changes to cuboidal aged at 900 ℃ while transforms into irregular interconnected morphology at low temperature, which is consistent well with experimental observations. By characterizing the long-range parameters, this irregular γ′ is attributed to the coalescence of adjacent precipitates with the same domain, primarily driven by the decrease of interfacial energy. The temporal evolution of average size of the γ′ precipitates suggests classical Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner coarsening at the three temperatures, and the coarsening rate constants K are determined. The temperature dependence of K is clarified by analyzing the thermodynamic driving force and chemical mobility. Additionally, the effects of particle inter-distance, shape and size on γ′ evolution are discussed from the perspective of diffusion potential.

Direct synthesis of lactide from concentrated lactic acid catalyzed by hierarchical Sn-beta zeolite

<p indent="0mm">Direct synthesis of lactide from concentrated lactic acid (LA) is an energy-efficient method, which is of great significance to reduce the cost of polylactic acid production. It is difficult to produce lactide with high yield from commercial concentrated LA due to the great quantity of LA oligomers. Herein, the hierarchical Sn-beta (Sn-beta-M) zeolite was prepared as a catalyst for the conversion of 97 wt% LA to lactide with yield of 86.5% in 3 h. The mesoporosity in Sn-beta-M characterized by N₂ adsorption/desorption test shortened the diffusion path way in the micropores, which facilitated the fast escape of lacide avoiding decyclization and oligomerization. L₃A and L_{<italic>n</italic>}A’s conversion to lactide may be attributed to the Sn sites present in mesopores. The Sn⁴⁺ coordinated in Sn-beta-M framework, exhibited strong Lewis acidity and could act as the active center for the synthesis of lactide. We speculated that the Sn and the surrounding O in Sn-beta-M acted as strong Lewis acid sites and weak base sites respectively in mediating C–O bond formation of lactide from L₂A and L_{<italic>m</italic>}A (<italic>m</italic>≥3).

Association between Indoor Environment, Blood Trace Elements, and Immune Globulin among Workers from Vegetables Plastic Greenhouses in Yinchuan, China.

To study the association between indoor environment (MiE), blood trace elements (BTE), and immune globulin (PRO) among workers from vegetables plastic greenhouse, and to assess the mediate effects on MiE and PRO by BTE. Overall, 168 practitioner and corresponding sheds were included from cross-sectional study in 2016. BTE and PRO were determined by physical test and MiE data from field and laboratory measurement. The association was assessed using canonical correlation analysis. The direct and indirect effects between MiE, PRO and BTE were conducted by structural equation model. 5000 times bootstrap methods were performed to estimate coefficient and 95% confidence interval. MiE was moderately correlated with BTE (canonical coefficient = 0.439), and BTE was strongly correlated with PRO (canonical coefficient = 0.514 and 0.481). No statistical evidence was found for the overall impact of MiE on PRO, and BTE as an intermediary affecting its relevance was not confirmed. Only the path way of the BTE impact on PRO had a significant positive effect (P=0.012). BTE was positively associated with PRO, therefore, reducing exposure in greenhouse is a pathway to remain blood trace elements, and further effect the immune protein in human body.

Prediction of Crop Yield Using Machine Learning Algorithm

Crop yield production value updation has a positive practical significance for guiding agricultural production and for notifying the change in market rate of crop to the farmer. The concept of this paper is to implement the crop selection method so that this method helps in solving many agriculture and farmers problems. This improves our Indian economy by maximizing the yield rate of crop production. Different types of land condition. So, the quality of the crops is identified using ranking process. By this process the rate of the low quality and high-quality crop is also notified. The usage of ensemble of classifiers paves a path way to make a better decision on predictions due to the usage of multiple classifiers. Further, a ranking process is applied for decision making in order to select the classifiers results. This system is used to predict the cost of crop which is yielded for further.

Blistering-free polycrystalline silicon carbide films for double-sided passivating contact solar cells

Polysilicon (poly-Si) passivating contacts have attracted considerable attentions in the academic community and photovoltaic industry due to their remarkable advantages of outstanding passivation quality and low contact resistivity. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), as one of the widely adopted techniques to prepare doped poly-Si films, is usually limited by the occurrence of blistering, especially for boron-doped (B-doped) poly-Si films. In this work, we present a study of PECVD preparation of B-doped polycrystalline silicon carbide (poly-SiC x ) films with a blistering-free appearance by incorporating carbon (C) and optimizing the annealing process. It demonstrates that a thick poly-Si deposited on polished c-Si substrates with a low surface roughness tends to blister, which thus leads to a poor passivation performance. Moreover, the investigation of C content and annealing condition suggests that increasing C content or lowering incipient annealing temperature is beneficial to suppress the blistering. However, the C content needs to be well controlled to balance the passivation and contact properties, because the excessive CH 4 flow during the film deposition would degrade the contact performance with a high contact resistivity (>100 mΩ cm 2 ). Finally, the proof-of-concept devices featuring the double-sided passivating contacts (DPPCs) were fabricated with a front n-type poly-Si and rear p-type poly-SiC x , and presented an open-circuit voltage of 695 mV and an efficiency of 19.82%. The results clarify the correlation of C contents, c-Si substrate roughness and annealing process with the blistering levels and the passivation/contact properties, providing a valuable guidance for fabricating high-efficiency DPPC solar cells. • A path way to prepare blistering-free Boron-doped PECVD poly-Si films has been revealed. • A 90 nm thick PECVD prepared B-doped poly-Si film with a blistering-free appearance has been proposed. • A proof-of-concept double-sided poly-Si passivating contact solar cells with an efficiency of 19.82% has been presented.

A Reusable Structural System Fit for Geometrical Standardisation and Serial Production

AbstractA series of demountable connections for reusable composite flooring systems and a standardized adjustable steel connection have been developed and tested, to facilitate circular economy as well as the serial production of structural elements and the suitability to be added into BIM or other digital tools. Demountable beam and floor elements and adjustable steel connections form the basis of a Lego‐liked ‘plug and play’ circular framed structural system. This paper presents the proposed circular system, the results from experiments and finite element analyses and indicates the analysing methods for structural engineers to open a path way for fully implementation of the structures ‘as built’ into digital tools, fabrication and construction.

A Qualitative Exploration of the Outcome Expectations in Determining Career Choices of College Students

Choosing a college major is very crucial and challenging at college level because selection of college majors at this stage pave a path way for future career. Pakistan being a developing country; career counseling services are scarce for students. It is needed to explore while making choices about career majors what are the underlying perceptions and factors that students think they can get in terms of outcomes from certain careers. It is an important component in career development so that career guidance and counseling can be provided by considering these factors. Research question for this qualitative study was “What are the underlying outcomes for choosing certain careers that students expect? A sample of eighteen intermediate twelve grade undergraduate college students; nine males and nine female participants taken from public and private sector degree colleges were interviewed to get insight about their future career choices and underlying outcomes from these career choices. Results were analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings indicated that participant reported medical, engineering, teaching, army and business as their intended future career choices. Moreover, after analyzing results through thematic analysis, outcome expectation was emerged as a broader theme categorized into three sub-themes 1) physical outcomes with sub themes of financial stability and job security 2) social outcomes (including social acceptance and service to humanity and 3) self-outcomes with sub theme of significance of work. Findings have potential implications for counselors and educators to have understanding of outcome expectations that may determine the career paths for students. In this way help can be provided to students for reexamining their beliefs and in turn broadening their career horizons. Key words: outcome expectations, college students, career choices

Remarkable improvement of corrosion resistance of silane composite coating with Ti3C2Tx MXene on copper

A single protective coating on metal is difficult to meet the requirement of anti-corrosion under an aggressive environment. Herein, a two dimensional layer structure of Ti 3 C 2 T x with mercaptosilane composite coating is designed to protect copper from corrosion. The composite coating takes advantage of the physical barrier of Ti 3 C 2 T x along with improving the adhesion strength of Ti 3 C 2 T x /silane coating with substrate, thereby exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance . Anti-corrosion properties are characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization. Impedance at 10 −2 Hz of the composite coating increases by 1.8 orders of magnitude and the current density decreases by ∼5 fold compared to the neat silane coating . Besides, the composite coating shows a high impedance modulus after immersion test for 16 days and keeps a high protection efficiency of 98.55% after immersion test for 30 days. The corrosion resistance mechanism is that the Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheet can avoid the microviods and extend the diffusion path way of the corrosive media. The composite coating is prepared by a simple solution-based process without tedious modification for Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene . This work not only highlights the potential application of Ti 3 C 2 T x /silane composite coating as an effective anticorrosion material, but also expands the application of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene.

The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor ‘Enalapril’ Increases the Anti-Proliferative Activity of 5-Fluorouracil in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Objectives: The dysregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) and its pathway has been reported to be associated with oncogenesis and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We explored the therapeutic potential of targeting ACE-I through the use of enalapril and investigated its pharmacological interaction with 5-FU in CT26, HT29, and SW480 cells. The anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects as well as apoptotic activity of this agent on cell cycle have been evaluated by MTT, wound healing assay, and FACS, while the expression of genes was determined through mRNA or protein levels. Results: According to the observations, enalapril has inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and affected the anti-tumor properties of 5-FU via increasing the levels of apoptosis and ROS, as well as through the modulation of antioxidant/oxidant markers. Enalapril has also suppressed cell migration by the perturbation of MMP3/MMP-9 and E-cadherin. The combination of enalapril and 5FU has resulted in decrease in the expression levels of ACE, AT1R, and SMAD-3. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that targeting ACE-I by applying the modulation of angiotensin pathway could increase the activity of 5-FU due to interfering with cell-proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory markers, which is indicative of its potential value as a therapeutic option for the treatment of (CRC). Keywords: ACE inhibitor, Enalapril, Colorectal Cancer, Combination therapy