Path Method Research Articles

STRUKTUR DAN KOMPOSISI HUTAN MANGROVE DI NEGERI HATUSUA KECAMATAN KAIRATU KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

The aim of this research is to determine the structure and composition of mangrove forests in Hatusua State, Kairatu District, West Seram Regency. And vegetation analysis was carried out by collecting data on the type, number, diameter and height of trees. In this research, the path method was used by carrying out a 100% inventory. The measuring plot area for the vegetation growth level of Seedlings, Saplings and Trees is 20 m x 20 m, a total of 46 plots for a total area of ​​1.84 ha. The research results show that the mangrove forests in Hatusua State can be divided into two from inundation, namely the middle zone and the distal zone, where in this mangrove forest there is no proximal zone because there are no mangroves that face the sea. The stratification of Hatusua State's mangrove forests is simpler than that of mainland natural forests. Mangrove trees in Hatusua Country can reach a tree height of 15 – 25 meters, which are dominated by Rhizophora apiculata, Heritiera littoralis, Parmentiera cereifera, and Intsia bijuga. The Hatusua State mangrove forest diversity index value of 1.37 seedlings, 2.30 saplings and 1.36 trees is categorized as medium because the value 1 <H' < 3.

Impact of Different Glidepath Techniques on the Overall Performance of WaveOne Gold in an Artificial S-Shape Canal.

The article's aim is to test if rotary or reciprocating glide path influences the overall performance of WaveOne Gold in S-shaped canals. Sixty endo training blocks with an S-shape curvature were divided into three groups based on the glide path method used: no glide path; glide path preparation with ProGlider; glide path preparation with WaveOne Gold Glider. All blocks were then shaped with WaveOne Gold Primary. The time for shaping, the incidence in reaching working length and the number of pecking motions were recorded. ANOVA with Turkey's test was used, and the p-value was set to 0.05. WaveOne Gold Primary reached working length faster in the control group when comparing total working times. No significant differences in the ability of the WaveOne Gold Primary to reach working length in all groups (p > 0.05). The mean number of pecking motions was higher in the control group compared to other groups. No significant differences in the time needed to achieve a glide path between Proglider and WaveOne Gold Glider. WaveOne Gold Primary can shape a double curved canal faster if a glide path is present but takes less time to reach length if it is the only file used. No difference in the ability to reach working length.

Analysis of Consultant Building Project Management Using the CPM (Critical Path Method)

Critical Path Method (CPM) is a technique used to plan and organize project schedules by identifying the critical path which is one of the most contributing aspects to project success. This research aims to formulate the completion time of the consultant office building construction project using the CPM method. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out through various activities, including field observations, interviews, and literature studies. The results showed that the application of CPM in project planning and scheduling can determine the critical path and identify the shortest duration for project completion. CPM enabled the acceleration of project completion from 592 days to 469 days, saving 123 days. This study confirms that the quality of project planning and control significantly affects the successful completion of the project. The findings support the use of CPM for time efficiency improvement on similar construction projects and recommend further research on the application of CPM on various other types of projects.

OPTIMIZATION SCHEDULING PROJECT REHABILITATION BUILDING AND HALL DEKRANASDA AND KALIMANTAN BARAT MUSEUM FENCE USING CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM)

This study investigates the optimization of project scheduling using the Critical Path Method (CPM) in construction projects. Focusing on the Building Rehabilitation Project, Dekranasda Hall, and Kalimantan Barat Museum Fence, the research aims to reduce project duration without altering costs. CPM is employed to map out activities in a network, identifying the critical path to enhance time management. The initial project duration was 249 days. By breaking down work items and increasing the number of workers in critical activities, the duration was reduced to 125 days. Optimization involved dividing tasks into manageable segments and determining the appropriate workforce through trial and error. The study demonstrates that effective project scheduling and resource allocation can significantly reduce completion time, highlighting CPM's value in project management for achieving efficiency and meeting deadlines. The findings emphasize the importance of detailed planning, dependency logic, and continuous monitoring to optimize construction project timelines.

Deployment of Lean Manufacturing in Palm Oil Mill for Maximum Yield: A Case Study of Leading Palm Oil Producer in Nigeria

The deployment of lean manufacturing in the palm oil mill companyaimed at maximizing yield, was thoroughly investigated. The company has been experiencing a decline in palm oil production, adversely affecting productivity and customer satisfaction. The methodology employed for optimization encompassed a comprehensive system description, detailing the case study company's history, operational modalities, production machinery, and system challenges. To gather a holistic understanding of the company's current situation, data was meticulously collected through questionnaires, examination of company records, and other relevant sources. Microsoft excel software was then utilized to analyze the acquired data. The implementation of lean manufacturing tools, such as the fishbone diagram, identification of eight deadly wastesand takt-timeplayed a pivotal role in streamlining operations. In addition, a quantitative model of the supply chain was applied, utilizing critical path method (network analysis) to determine the optimal route. The results derived from the application of lean manufacturing tools and the supply chain quantitative model exhibited a remarkable improvement between (2012-2016) and (2018-2022). The average oil palm extraction increased substantially from 8.67% (2012-2016) to an impressive 30.52% (2018-2022). Furthermore, the management tools led to a significant reduction in machine downtimes, decreasing from an annual average of 5,498.6 hours to 2,472.4 hours. This improvement resulted in a considerable reduction in the annual total average cost of machine maintenance, plummeting from #1,899,578.6 to #261,853.8. The optimization efforts also extended to the supply chain, where selecting Path-2, exhibiting the least total supply time of 11 hours, significantly reduced the cost of supply from an average of #2,168,402 to #1,893,186. Overall, the net revenue of the company witnessed a remarkable surge of 71.99% post-implementation of these management tools. This comprehensive approach not only addressed production challenges but also had a substantial positive impact on the company’s financial performance. The strategic deployment of lean manufacturing emerged as a catalyst for sustainable growth and enhanced operational efficiency.

Progressive Collapse of RCC Structure: A Review

Progressive collapse is a sudden, severe failure of a structure, spreading from an initial point of damage to other parts. It occurs when a critical component, like a column, is compromised, often triggered by accidents, explosions, or natural disasters. The concern about the progressive collapse increased during the late sixties after the Ronan Building incidences in the UK. Mitigation efforts against the progressive collapse focus on minimizing the risk and potential catastrophic consequences. The critical issue with progressive collapse is the significant difference between the initial and final damage, which can destroy the whole building. Various strategies prevent the initial damage from spreading and causing more destruction. These include strengthening certain load-bearing elements or designing the building plan more effectively. The General Services Administration (GSA) and the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) provide crucial guidelines for preventing progressive collapse. One standard method they recommend is the Alternative Path Method (APM). This method helps evaluate how a building would respond to potential progressive collapse by ensuring that the rest of the structure can still stand safely if one part fails. An attempt has been made in the current research to assimilate the research carried out in the recent past in the field of progressive collapse and its mitigation and put forth recommendations.

Identifying Critical Tasks in the Kadiri University 4 Floor Building Construction Project Using the Critical Path Method

This study aims to identify critical tasks in the construction of a 4-floor building at Kadiri University using the Critical Path Method (CPM). The project is planned to be completed within 43 weeks, from October 2023 to August 2024, with a budget of IDR 20,551,534,000. Data collection involved direct site visits for primary data and secondary data from project documentation, including the Cost Budget Plan (RAB) and project schedule. Using Microsoft Project software, a project network was mapped, and CPM analysis was performed to identify the critical path. The analysis revealed that several tasks, such as site cleaning, demolition, temporary project fencing, heavy equipment work, geotechnical work, and various structural works from the 1st to the 5th floors, are on the critical path. These tasks have zero slack time, indicating that any delays will directly impact the overall project timeline. Identifying the critical path is crucial for project managers to prioritize resources and efforts on these tasks to ensure the project stays on schedule. This study underscores the significance of CPM in project management for timely completion and effective resource allocation, providing valuable insights for managing similar construction projects.

A SURVEY OF THE PROBLEM AND TECHNIQUES IN RESOURCE ALLOCATION FOR MULTI-PROJECT SOFTWARE PROJECTS

Managing multiple software projects concurrently presents challenges in resource allocation. This study explores these issues and potential solutions. We conducted research to identify and categorise the most pressing problems in this domain and evaluate the effectiveness of various techniques proposed to mitigate these challenges. The key challenges identified are resource underutilisation, inefficiency, and conflict. Projects often suffer from long durations, uncertainties, and cost overruns. Traditional project management methods, such as the Critical Path Method and Program Evaluation and Review Technique, assume unlimited resources and are designed for single-project environments, rendering them inadequate for multi-project scenarios. Consequently, more recent research has explored advanced approaches to develop more effective scheduling solutions, including heuristic algorithms, genetic algorithms, and hybrid methods. Still, they lack performance guarantees and may not consistently achieve optimal results. The study examines how researchers tackle these issues. Techniques include using upper and lower bounds for concurrent activities, project buffers, and optimising project makespan for better resource utilisation. Additionally, allocating the right people to projects and coordinated planning for resource-constrained scenarios are explored. The research indicates that multi-stage hybrid approaches utilising machine learning techniques yield the most promising results. Therefore, future research should focus on applying ML techniques to select the optimal algorithm and incorporate historical data, representing a promising direction for advancing this field. This analysis provides insights for researchers seeking to develop improved approaches to resource allocation in multi-project software development.

Parallel Maximum Cardinality Matching for General Graphs on GPUs.

The matching problem formulated as Maximum Cardinality Matching in General Graphs (MCMGG) finds the largest matching on graphs without restrictions. The Micali-Vazirani algorithm has the best asymptotic complexity for solving MCMGG when the graphs are sparse. Parallelizing matching in general graphs on the GPU is difficult for multiple reasons. First, the augmenting path procedure is highly recursive, and NVIDIA GPUs use registers to store kernel arguments, which eventually spill into cached device memory, with a performance penalty. Second, extracting parallelism from the matching process requires partitioning the graph to avoid any overlapping augmenting paths. We propose an implementation of the Micali-Vazirani algorithm which identifies bridge edges using thread-parallel breadth-first search, followed by block-parallel path augmentation and blossom contraction. Augmenting path and Union-find methods were implemented as stack-based iterative methods, with a stack allocated in shared memory. Our experimentation shows that compared to the serial implementation, our approach results in up to 15-fold speed-up for very sparse regular graphs, up to 5-fold slowdown for denser regular graphs, and finally a 50-fold slowdown for power-law distributed Kronecker graphs. This implementation has been open-sourced for further research on developing combinatorial graph algorithms on GPUs.

KERAPATAN DAN KELAS KEHADIRAN JENIS EHA (CASTANOPSIS BURUANA MIQ) DI BLOK LINDUNG TAHURA NIPA-NIPA KELURAHAN PUNGGALOBA KENDARI

The Tahura Nipa-Nipa nature conservation area located in the city of Kendari has a type of Eha that is susceptible to disturbance. The research aimed to determine the density level of the Eha (Castanopsis buruana Miq) species at tree, pole, sapling and seedling level growth; knowing the presence class in the community (presence) and knowing the distribution pattern. The observation sample used the plotted path method with a sampling intensity of 1% and an entire sample area of 0.96 ha. The sample consisted of 3 transects each containing 8 plots (0.04 ha per plot), so the total sample was 24 plots. Transects were placed systematically, the distance between transects was 100 m, and the distance between plots within transects was 20 m. The results showed that the Eha tree density level was 107.29 trees/ha, the pole level was 200 trees/ha, the sapling level was 233.33 trees/ha, and the seedling level was 13229.166 trees/ha. The presence of Eha in the community at the tree, pole and seedling level is in the "Always Present" class (81%-100%). Meanwhile, the stake level and presence in the community is in the "Sometimes There" class (21%-40%). The distribution pattern of Eha at the tree level is clustered, while at the pole, sapling and seedling levels it is a regular pattern.

The thesan project: connecting ionized bubble sizes to their local environments during the Epoch of Reionization

ABSTRACT An important characteristic of cosmic hydrogen reionization is the growth of ionized gas bubbles surrounding early luminous objects. Ionized bubble sizes are beginning to be probed using Lyman α emission from high-redshift galaxies, and will also be probed by upcoming 21 cm maps. We present results from a study of bubble sizes using the state-of-the-art thesan radiation-hydrodynamics simulation suite, which self-consistently models radiation transport and realistic galaxy formation. We employ the mean free path method and track the evolution of the effective ionized bubble size at each point (Reff) throughout the Epoch of Reionization. We show that there is a slow growth period for regions ionized early, but a rapid ‘flash ionization’ process for regions ionized later as they immediately enter a large, pre-existing bubble. We also find that bright sources are preferentially in larger bubbles, and find consistency with recent observational constraints at z ≳ 9, but tension with idealized Lyman α damping-wing models at z ≈ 7. We find that high-overdensity regions have larger characteristic bubble sizes, but the correlation decreases as reionization progresses, likely due to runaway formation of large percolated bubbles. Finally, we compare the redshift at which a region transitions from neutral to ionized (zreion) with the time it takes to reach a given bubble size and conclude that zreion is a reasonable local probe of small-scale bubble size statistics ($R_\text{eff} \lesssim 1\, \rm {cMpc}$). However, for larger bubbles, the correspondence between zreion and size statistics weakens due to the time delay between the onset of reionization and the expansion of large bubbles, particularly at high redshifts.

Can relative abundance of diatoms (RAD) serve as an indicator for the water quality assessment in river-connected lakes? A case study at Dongting Lake

In this study, 15 sampling sites were set up in Dongting Lake, a typical river-connected lake in China, to investigate water quality and diatioms in March, June, September and December from year 2017 to 2022. Seven diatom indices, including relative abundance of diatoms (RAD), percentage motile diatoms (PMD), generic diatom index (GDI), diatom quotient (DU), pollution tolerance index for diatoms (PTI), trophic diatom index (TDI), and Pampean diatom index (IDP), were selected to screen the adaptability of water quality assessment comparing with the Nemero index (NI), which is simple to calculate and has always been the main method for water quality assessment in Dongting Lake. The results from 2017 to 2019 showed that the diatom density in Dongting Lake ranged from 0.7 × 104 to 85.5 × 104 ind./L, with a certain decreasing trend. The spatial and temporal changes of some water quality factors were obvious, just like the temperature of water (WT), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+–N), dissolved oxygen (DO) and the comprehensive trophic level index (∑TLI) ranged from 45.99 to 50.72, with an average value of 47.85, indicating that the overall condition of Dongting Lake was medium nutrition. Correlation analysis showed that PTI, RAD and PMD could represent the information of DU, GDI, TDI and IDP, and were significantly positively correlated with DO (p < 0.01), while significantly negatively correlated with electrical conductivity (Cond), potassium permanganate (CODMn), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and ∑TLI (p < 0.001). The index verification results from year 2020 to 2022 showed that PTI, RAD and PMD were all significantly positively correlated with NI (p < 0.001). Taking into account the data integrity of the index calculation and the difficulty degree, RAD was finally selected as the biological indicator for evaluating the water quality of Dongting Lake. The results of this study provide a new path or alternative method for water quality assessment of the river-connected lakes.

Damping Optimization Method of Combine Harvester Frame Undergoing Multi-Source Excitation

The complex mechanical system of a rice combine harvester not only has various excitation sources, but also, the vibration transmission path between each working device and the vibration contribution characteristics to the frame are not clear, so it is difficult to perform a reduction vibration design for the sharp vibration of the rice combine harvester frame. Therefore, based on the comparison and improvement of multiple classical transfer path analysis methods, this paper analyzed the vibration transfer characteristics and transfer characteristics of each harvester by the discrete time matrix method and operating path method. In the Experimental section, through the vibration characteristic experiment firstly, this paper obtained the power spectrum variation and the most needed optimized path in the transmission path of each device under each operating condition. Secondly, through frame simulation analysis under the exciting force, we obtained the vibration damping areas that needs to be optimized. Finally, the damping optimization experiment connected with the vibration characteristic experiment, and the excitation force simulation analysis was performed. The results of the damping optimization experiment displayed that the maximum change value of the vibration acceleration of the cutting table decreased from 7.862 m·s−2 to 3.522 m·s−2, decreasing by 55.2%, and the peak amplitude of the multipoint test in the cab was 5.4, 5.3, 1.7 and 2.0 μm, respectively, which was significantly reduced, so the optimization effect was significant. This study provides theoretical support for the vibration reduction optimization of a rice combine harvester frame.

A novel design model of flow channel paths for additive manufacturing

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a method for automatic design of additive manufacturing (AM) flow channel paths driven by path length and pressure loss. The research focuses on the automatic design of channel paths, intending to achieve the shortest flow channel length or minimum pressure loss and improve the design efficiency of AM parts.Design/methodology/approachThe initial layout of the flow channels is redesigned to consider the channels print supports. Boundary conditions and constraints are defined according to the redesigned channels layout, and the equation consisting of channel length and pressure loss is used as the objective function. Then the path planning simulation is performed based on particle swarm algorithm. The proposed method describes the path of flow channels using spline cures. The spline curve is controlled by particle (one particle represents a path), and the particle is randomly generated within the design space. After the path planning simulation is completed, the generated paths are used to create 3D parts.FindingsCase study 1 demonstrates the automatic design of hydraulic spool valve. Compared to conventional spool valve, the pressure loss was reduced by 86% and the mass was reduced by 83%. The design results of case study 2 indicate that this approach is able to find the shortest channel path with lower computational cost.Originality/valueThe automatic design method of flow channel paths driven by path length and pressure loss presented in this paper provides a novel solution for the creation of AM flow components.

TIME AND COST EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF ACEH TENGAH REGENCY POM WORKSHOP PROJECT: A CRITICAL PATH METHOD APPROACH

The study addresses construction delays in the Aceh Tengah Regency POM Workshop project, valued at IDR 6,414,000,000 and spanning approximately 1,507 m2 across two floors. Motivated by the need for a comprehensive understanding of activity relationships and critical paths, the research aims to assess project duration, costs, and efficiency. Employing the Critical Path Method (CPM) due to data constraints, the study elucidates activity dependencies, network planning, and critical paths. Data collected from relevant stakeholders include schedule and cost budget plans. The analysis reveals a potential acceleration of 21 days, reducing the project duration from 126 to 105 days with a 99.74% probability. Cost control indicates an escalation to IDR 6,949,573,170.20 after calculating direct costs, with a daily increase of 0.92%. The findings underscore the significance of CPM in project management, offering insights into optimizing timelines and costs. The study highlights the importance of efficient project management methodologies in addressing construction delays and managing project budgets effectively.

Prediction of plasma path and analysis of axial fracturing properties in rock fragmentation by high-voltage pulsed discharge (RHPD)

Rock fragmentation by high-voltage pulsed discharge (RHPD) is widely utilized in resource recovery and energy extraction due to its low energy consumption and high efficiency. However, observing the plasma development process during RHPD presents challenges, and the frequency dependence of dielectric properties further complicates plasma path prediction and the analysis of fracturing properties in the axial direction of the plasma. To address these issues, we analyzed the development properties of plasma within rocks and established a segmented breakdown criterion that considered the propagation velocity of plasma. Additionally, utilizing a transient electromagnetic field model and a particle flow model (PFM), we established a multi-physics field model and proposed a predictive method for the plasma path in a rock–liquid combination environment. This allows for the quantification of the velocity, potential, and length of the plasma. Furthermore, we computed the time response of shock waves and analyzed the loading mechanism of shock waves. Based on the spatial distribution of plasma, the PFM was applied to simulate the fracturing properties of rocks under shock wave loading. Finally, we established a comprehensive experimental platform for RHPD and conducted three-dimensional reconstructions of the fractured area to validate the accuracy of plasma path prediction methods and fracturing properties analysis. This study significantly advances plasma development theory and provides insights for optimizing rock fragmentation efficiency.

Determination of dynamic collapse limit states using the energy-based method for multi-story RC frames subjected to column removal scenarios

The Alternative Load Path method is widely adopted to perform progressive collapse analyses for reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures subjected to column removal scenarios. Considering that the progressive collapses are usually dynamic phenomena, nonlinear dynamic analyses can yield the most accurate results. However, the associated computational cost is high. Alternatively, the energy-based method (EBM) can be employed to efficiently calculate the maximum dynamic responses. Unfortunately, collapse or dynamic limit states (DLS) cannot be directly determined when the EBM is adopted for the progressive collapse analyses, because it is essentially a quasi-static approach. To tackle this issue, in this paper an EBM-Intersection Point-based (EBM-IP-based) method is proposed to effectively determine the DLS. The method is considering that the dynamic instability will occur once the dynamic capacity curve exceeds the corresponding static capacity curve. Hence, it is possible to determine the DLS by making a correction on the intersection point of the aforementioned two curves without performing nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses. Compared with the other energy components, the kinetic energy at the moment of the peak displacement response is relatively small and the effectiveness of the EBM is verified. Through both static pushdown analyses and incremental dynamic analyses for 48 column removal scenarios of six different multi-story RC frames, the effectiveness of the proposed EBM-IP-based method is verified and the associated coefficients are calibrated. Statistical information and (joint) probabilistic density functions (PDF) of the coefficients are identified. Further, stochastic analyses are carried out in order to quantify the model uncertainties when adopting the EBM-IP-based method. On the basis of all the calculation results, a Gumbel distribution is adopted to capture the PDF of the model uncertainty in relation to displacements, while a lognormal distribution is adopted to fit the PDF of the model uncertainty in terms of resistances. Moreover, a multi-variate Gaussian distribution model with two components is employed to fit the joint PDF.

Sampling-Based Global Path Planning Using Convex Polytope Approximation for Narrow Collision-Free Space of Humanoid

In this paper, we propose a computationally fast method of sampling-based global path planning for humanoids under Manifold Constraints such as closed kinematic chains and Volume-Reducing Constraints such as collision avoidance. In multi-contact and whole-body manipulation of humanoids, narrow collision-free space causes path planning to take a long computation time (narrow corridor problem). In previous research of constrained planning, Manifold Constraints are locally approximated by tangent plane, and steering motions along Manifold Constraints are found efficiently by projection or continuation methods. In this paper, we applied constrained planning algorithms to collision avoidance. Since tangent plane cannot approximate Volume-Reducing Constraints, we adopted convex polytope instead of tangent plane. Both Manifold Constraints and Volume-Reducing Constraints are locally approximated by convex polytope with linear equality and inequality constraints, and steering motions inside the convex polytope are found efficiently by the SQP-based prioritized inverse kinematics. We developed CP-KPIECE (Convex Polytope approximation-based KPIECE) with this approach. Benchmarks using the humanoid JAXON proved the effectiveness of our approach for fast path planning in narrow collision-free space of humanoids.

Optimal carrier Selection Based on Reliability Under Delivery Spoilage and Cost Constraint

In a highly competitive market environment, outsourcing of logistics service is one of the most significant strategies for enterprises to enhance competitiveness. However, how to construct an efficient and reliable logistics network by selecting suitable logistics carriers is a complex but important practical issue. In general, there are multiple carriers to provide freight service along each route of a logistics network. Moreover, the transportation capacity of each carrier has multiple states due to various factors, which can be portrayed by a capacity probability distribution. In addition, delivery spoilage and cost constraint are the key indicators affecting carrier selection. Therefore, this paper studies the logistics carrier selection problem from the perspective of multi-state network reliability under delivery spoilage and cost constraint, and apply the minimal path (MP) method to solve the problem. The practicality of the algorithm is verified by example analysis.

Analisis Perbandingan Aplikasi Program Microsoft Project Dan Metode Cpm Dalam Penjadawalan Proyek Konstruksi

Ganesha Hotel problems can affect the delay of a project. Often the project delays will be very expensive, good value. viewed from the contractor's and owner's side. In order to avoid incurring implementation time and costs, it is necessary to carry out project scheduling so that research on project completion time to avoid problems using the existing critical path method and MS Project scheduling will be very useful in project development. the relationship between one activity and other activities and the entire project, identifying activities that must be prioritized, the benefits of the critical path method is knowing the critical path, delays in project activities on the critical path will automatically hinder all project activities, and this Microsoft Office Project MS Project tool for more efficient projects and project portfolio management, the most frequently used for MS Project for construction projects are the main modules of MS Project including project work and project teams. This MS Project makes it easier to create construction schedules, create Wed prices This research is a descriptive analysis, namely describing the condition of the construction of the Ganesha Hotel by collecting data from the project using this method to analyze the efficiency, time and cost of research using the Ms Project application and the Critical Path Method. The prediction results for each segment are compared to make a comparison to find out which work needs to be done. comes first and work that doesn't need to come first. From the research carried out, it can be concluded that in the research process using Ms Project, the results were that the completion time was 189 days from the project plan of 210 days, so there was a time efficiency of 21 days, whereas in the research using CPM, the results were that the completion time was 188 days from the project plan of 210 days, so there were efficiency 22 days From the research we conducted to compare the time of Ms Project and Critical Path Method there is a difference of one day while for the costs obtained from comparing the 2 methods IDR 26,426,500,000