Path Finder Research Articles

Negotiation, Centering Ability and Transportation of Three Glide Path Files in Second Mesiobuccal Canals of Maxillary Molars: A CBCT Assessment.

The aim of this study was to compare negotiation, centering ability and transportation of three path finder rotary instruments (ProGlider, ScoutRace and M3 Pro-Gold Path File) to create glide path in second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals of maxillary molars with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In this in vitro study, 66 maxillary molars with separate second MB2 canals were selected with the following criteria: having 18-21 mm root length, without any resorption or calcification in radiography, without previous treatment and 20-40º curve according to Schneider's method. Then MB2 canals were randomly divided into three groups (n=22). CBCT scan before and after root canal negotiation was taken. A #10 K-file for determination of working length was inserted into all canals. In group1; ProGlider file, group2; ScoutRace file and in group 3; M3 Pro-Gold Path file was implemented. The calculated data from CBCT based on reaching full working length (RFWL) or not (NRFWL) were analyzed using the Pearson Chi-square test. Centering ability was calculated by Fisher's exact test and amount of transportation was determined with the Pearson Chi-square test in SPSS software. ProGlider file had the least RFWL and ScoutRace was the best, but the results were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Regarding the centering ability and transportation, all 3 groups showed no significant differences (P>0.05), except at level of 2 mm from the apex in buccopalatal direction for ProGlider and ScoutRace files (P<0.05). In spite of insignificantly different results, ScoutRace file was better than other groups in negotiating and centering ability in mesiodistal direction of the MB2 canal in maxillary molars. Also, ProGlider file was significantly better than ScoutRace regarding transportation at level of 2 mm from apex in buccopalatal direction.

The method of optimal route selection in road transport of dangerous goods

Abstract Dangerous goods such as: liquid fuels, chlorine, ammonia, gases, corrosives, radioactive material, toxic and other substances are being transported by road in Poland on a daily basis. ‘Dangerous goods’ are materials or items with hazardous properties which, if not properly controlled, present a potential hazard to human health and safety, infrastructure and or their means of transport. However, from year to year a systematic growth of accidents of the substances mentioned has been observed. It is estimated that several hundred traffic collisions, involving vehicles carrying hazardous goods, are being registered. Those accidents lead to spills penetrating into the soil, groundwater and watercourses, causing degradation of biological life. Therefore, the question of safety is an important problem that must be faced by senders, recipients and transport companies. One way of improving safety conditions is risk assessment. Therefore, in the article present the method of selection model of road transportation of dangerous goods. The model generates routes that are optimal from the perspective of risk and losses minimization. In addition, the paper adopts the results of simulation research selected delivery routes in Poland, with the use of the Breadth First Search algorithm (BFS) and proprietary application called the Safest Path Finder.

Side-Channel Analysis via Symbolic Execution and Model Counting

An important problem in computer security is the detection of side-channel vulnerabilities. Information gained by observing nonfunctional properties of program executions (i.e., sidechannels such as execution time or memory usage) can enable attackers to infer secrets that the program accesses (such as a password). In this talk, I will discuss how symbolic execution, combined with a model counting constraint solver, can be used for quantifying side- channel leakage in Java programs. I will also discuss automata-based model counting techniques. We have implemented these techniques by integrating our modelcounting constraint solver, called Automata-Based model Counter (ABC), with the symbolic execution tool Symbolic Path Finder (SPF).

Toward multiscale modeling of thin-film growth processes using SLKMC

Abstract

Concurrency testing using symbolic path finder

Concurrent programs have specific features such as italic communication, synchronization and nondeterministic behavior that make the testing activity complex. The objective is to find various types of concurrent defects. In this paper, we have used a model checking tool called Symbolic Path Finder (SPF) which is the upgradation of Java Path Finder (JPF) for concurrent testing. SPF is used for generating the test cases to check concurrent defects such as deadlock, race condition etc. SPF generates symbolic execution tree of the given code which is used as an input for test case generation. The execution is done for finding the test cases in concurrent program where number of threads is operating together with the concurrent defects. The test cases show the type of concurrent defects in the respective line number of the source code.

Assessment of the LD-DSMC hybrid method for hypersonic rarefied flow

Hypersonic aerothermodynamics for a probe entering a planetary atmosphere is an important issue in space exploration. The probe experiences various Knudsen number regimes, ranging from rarefied to continuum, due to density variation in the planet’s atmosphere. To simulate such multiscale flows, a novel hybrid particle scheme is employed in the present work. The hybrid particle scheme employs the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method in rarefied flow regions and the low diffusion (LD) particle method in continuum flow regions. Numerical procedures in the low diffusion particle method are implemented within an existing DSMC algorithm. The hybrid scheme is assessed using two hypersonic, blunt body flow problems: Mach 10 nitrogen flow over a sphere, and Mach 40 carbon dioxide flow over the Mars Path Finder each with a global Knudsen number of 0.002. Standard DSMC and CFD results are compared with the LD-DSMC hybrid simulation results. The hybrid scheme results show good overall agreement with results from standard DSMC computation, while CFD is inaccurate especially in the wake where a highly rarefied region exists. The LD-DSMC hybrid solution is able to increase computational efficiency upto 50% in run time in comparison to DSMC. And sensitivity to numerical parameters of the LD-DSMC method is also studied.

Towards the shattering of glass ceiling in the Indian banking sector: a comparative analysis among public, private and foreign banks

Glass ceiling, the metaphor, is an invisible barrier that impede the upward movement of women to high level management in the organisation. A growing economy like India with a prospective ownership of more banking assets foresees more job opportunities in the banking sector. Liberalised reforms and women-friendly environment in the banking sector not only weaken the male domination in that area but also attracted more women employees towards it. A persistent increase in percentage of women employees in the banking sector shows a positive sign of breaking of glass ceiling. The study analyses glass ceiling affects in different types of banks - public sector, private sector and foreign bank using secondary data and also analyses the character and attitude of women employees towards the glass ceiling beliefs using a questionnaire survey. A steady increase in women employment participation in the banking sector is analysed from secondary data. Attitude on glass ceiling beliefs provide a clear picture of women's view on this. This study may shed light to more women empowerment initiatives from personal, organisational and governmental aspects as it provide a clear data required. The study may act as a path finder to different concepts of career such as training, succession planning, etc.

ROUTE FINDING FOR FACILITATING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING TO MAINTAIN SMOOTH PRODUCT FLOW IN SUPPLY CHAIN

Purpose- To gain more profit and market share, manufacturers wish to mobilize as many resources as they can to satisfy every manufacturing order. As manufacturing is nowadays distributed to several sites, where each site manufactures the intermediate product to assemble the final product. Methodology- Producers, therefore require to transport these products between these sites as well as distribute the final products to faraway customers. Therefore, production and transportation planning need to be coordinated. Manufacturing requires the planning of unmovable resources (machines) with fixed sequences of production routing steps, however transportation requires the planning of moveable resources (Vehicles). Findings- Each transport request is different from another with different origin and destination. Hence, it is needed to find the routing (route from origin to destination) of each transport request dynamically. Practical Implications- This paper is dedicated to present a route finding tool called Path Finder in order to provide the shortest route by distance or time or both for transportation planning.

文献“大数据”分析软件Citespace和SCI&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;的对比分析研究

当今世界，信息爆炸已经累积到了一个可以引发变革的时刻，对学术研究者而言，知识更新迭代周期不断缩短，然而海量、多元的数据并不等于精准的数据贮备。如何快速精准获取重要学术资源，掌握研究前沿、热点与脉络是大数据时代学术研究者共同面临的挑战。本文以Citespace和Science of Science (SCI2) Tool为例，从数据源、数据预处理、数据可视化几方面总结了二者在文献数据挖掘中的优势互补作用，并加以地震实例分析。二者互补情况主要有以下几点：1) 数据源。Citespace可以分析中英文文献，而SCI2只限英文文献，不过英文数据源更广；2) 数据预处理。SCI2能自动合并拼写相近的单词，但有时会出现误合或漏合的情况；而Citespace则需人工添加同义词对照表，可以避免这种情况，但处理工作量较大；3) 网络输出。SCI2输出的网络可编辑能力强；而Citespace编辑能力相对较差，不过其剪枝功能使得剪枝后的网络研究脉络更清晰；4) 可视化方式。SCI2除无向网络外还可生成有向网络，有向网络能更好地反映研究之间的指向关系；Citespace的网络节点除能表达出现次数多少之外，还能给出节点中心度，并且Citespace的时域图能更好地反映研究随时间变化的特点。 Recently, the information is too much to induce revolution. For researchers, the speed of update of knowledge is faster and faster. However, the mass and various data do not mean high accurate. It is a big challenge to get the important academic resources quickly and accurately and master research’s skeleton, frontiers and hot topics. This article took the Citespace and SCI2 as example, then summarized their complementary roles in data acquisition, data preprocessing, data visualization. After that an earthquake case was shown. Their complementarities are as follows: a) Data sources. Citespace can analyze both Chinese and English articles. SCI2 is just for English articles and it has more English data source than Citespace. b) Data preprocessing. SCI2 can merge the synonyms automatically but may miss merged. And as Citespace need a lot of manual work to build a synonym table, it is laborious. c) Network output. The network outputted by SCI2 is editable. However, the network from Citespace cannot do it. But the network of citespace is clear due to its path finder function. d) Visualization. Besides undirected network, SCI2 can output directed network which would express the directed relationship between nodes. The nodes in network of Citespace can express the centrality beside the occurrence frequency. Time zone map is another advantage of Citespace, it could reflect research hot topics changes with the time.

GALSR: Geographical Based Adaptive Lifetime Secure Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are potentially increased in research field due to their wide range of application. The topology of advanced WSNs form Multi-Hop WSNs. The Main issues in this topology is location based security and lifetime preserving in energy resources. In this paper, we projected a Geographical based Adaptive Lifetime Security Routing (GALSR) Protocol and GALSR Algorithm to improve the lifetime and security of WSNs. This algorithm enhanced with Greedy for Shortest path finder and Direct Random Propagation for Random Walking. We then determine that the energy consumption is rigorously disproportional to the uniform energy deployment for the given network topology, which greatly reduces the lifetime of the sensor networks. To resolve this issue, we introduce non-uniform energy deployment to optimize the lifetime and message delivery ratio under same energy resources and security. This energy balancing is set by Energy balance control (EBC) and security parameter using Metric Energy Balancer (MEB).We validate our finding in both Quantitative and Qualitative measures. Our quantitative measures is shown out of NetSim Simulator similarly our implementation is an best prove for our qualitative measures, Our proposed model shows that we achieved with increased Lifetime, Adaptive Security and Monetary efficient protocol.

Target Detection Using Matched Filtering Analysis of the ASTER Data for Exploration of Uranium Mineralization in the Northern Part of El-Erediya Pluton, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt.

يمثل الجرانيت الأصغر من بلوتون العريضية أحد أهم مناطق التنقيب في الصحراء الشرقية الوسطى المصرية والتي تتكون من تمعدنات سطحية وتحت سطحية على شكل حرف U محصورة في الجزء الجنوبي من البلوتون. نظرًا لارتفاع نسبة اليورانيوم المحمولة جواً في الجزء الشمالي عن الجزء الجنوبي من البلوتون ، فإن الجرانيت في الجزء الشمالي بحاجة إلى إعادة تقييم إمكاناته U وفقًا للتقنيات الحديثة التي تم تطويرها في العقد الماضي. الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الورقة البحثية هو فحص كفاءة بيانات مقياس إشعاع الارتداد والانبعاثات الحرارية المتقدمة المحمولة في الفضاء (ASTER) في رسم خرائط لمناطق التغيير التي يمكن أن تستضيف تمعدن اليورانيوم داخل الجرانيت الأصغر في بلوتون العريضية باستخدام تقنيات التحليل الطيفي. . تعد بيانات ASTER جذابة بشكل خاص للعديد من الباحثين الجيولوجيين في إفريقيا ، نظرًا لتوافرها المفتوح والتكاليف الدنيا المرتبطة بالاستخدام الأكاديمي. تمت معايرة النطاقات الثلاثة المرئية والستة للأشعة تحت الحمراء القريبة ، والتي تبلغ دقتها 15 مترًا و 30 مترًا ، على التوالي ، باستخدام تصحيح الغلاف الجوي. تم تطبيق الكشف عن الهدف باستخدام خوارزمية المطابقة الطيفية للتعرف على مكونات التغيير الأكثر شيوعًا مثل الهيماتيت ، والكاولينتي ، والإيلايت ، والوحدة ، نظرًا لأنهم يعتبرون إلى حد ما مكتشف مسار تمعدن اليورانيوم لتتبع المناطق الواعدة المتأثرة بهذه التغييرات داخل الجرانيت. العريضية بلوتون. تم اكتشاف ثلاث مناطق واعدة مشتقة من ASTER ، بما في ذلك منطقة التنقيب ، باستخدام طرق التصفية المتطابقة بثقة تتراوح من 68 إلى 95٪. كل هذه المناطق التي تم تحديدها بواسطة تقنية الكشف عن الهدف تظهر ارتباطًا جيدًا بتلك الموجودة في الميدان وعلى الخريطة الجيولوجية المرجعية. تم إثبات اثنتين من هذه المناطق المستهدفة في الميدان وتم تأسيسهما على طول السمات الهيكلية التي تقطع الأجزاء الشمالية من بلوتون العريضية التي لم يتم تحديدها من قبل. أجريت الدراسات المعدنية باستخدام مجهر الخامات والمسح الضوئي و XRD لبعض العينات المعدنية الانتقائية التي تم جمعها من إحدى المناطق المستهدفة. تؤكد هذه التحقيقات وجود معدن اليورانوفان مثل سيليكات اليورانيل بالإضافة إلى الزركون والفلوريت. تم العثور على هذه المعادن في ارتباط وثيق مع تجلط الدم ، kaolinitization ، وتغيير التوعط.

An ultrasonic Based Path Finder Robot with Metal Detection Capability

An ultrasonic Based Path Finder Robot with Metal Detection Capability

Municipal Solid Waste Management in India: A Few Unaddressed Issues

Issues related to waste management in the context of Indian Cities still requires a path finder as most of the SWM planners and Executers are still in the dark which part of the SWM rule 2002 needs to be addressed in the primary stage. In fact finding it hard to plan and execute it was thought it may be better to change certain part of the rules which is not even 15 years old. A draft rules awaits approval and most of the people are not actually knows what is being changed and why. In fact this part of the facilities has never been considered as part urban infrastructures neither the citizen's opinion was asked in any stage while framing the rules or while even changing it for betterment.The present paper generates Certain issues related to Waste management which have been experienced while being involved in various cities in national and International arena and picks up certain unaddressed issues related to Waste management in Indian Cities. The main aim of this paper is to combine the opinion with a learned group of participants and try to evolve an effective pathway for its management. One of the most prominent factors which is missing in the entire process is the role of Community as a stake holder and their inclusion in the entire process.

Improving OSPF Protocol based Latency : A new algorithm based on Dijkstra by using OSPF existing Metrics in SDN networks

SDN (software defined networking)-based networks may be defined as a new generation of networks using virtual layers and switches and central controller which try to handle a few controlling and managerial tasks of switches and rotors of networks in upper layers on a software basis. In fact, it reduced dependence to hardware and increases software capabilities. These networks face challenges such as quality of relationship between controller and devices existing in the network and delay in network that is subject of this thesis. According to the applied researches, one of offered solutions for reduction of delay is using path finding algorithms. Rotors’ task is transfer of information. Algorithms must be implemented on these rotors to choose the best path for data transfer in the network. Path finding table is used in rotor. According to the data available in path finding table, the best path is found. Each path finder must have complete information of network’s communication infrastructure and calculate and identify all other paths of communications between them and their costs. Later, data collection forms the data structure related to network infrastructure graph. In these conditions, to find the best path between path finders, the shortest path algorithms (SPT) are used such as Dijkstra. Since rotors receive the sent update massages due to network changes, path finding table amends itself and identifies the new probability path. Selection of best path is made by massages metric. Upon processor fastening and hardware cheapening, a standard protocol in the name of OSPF was presented that manufactured by CISCO, particularly in a network that its equipment are not necessarily made by CISCO is based on Dijkstra and uses cost and band broadness as metric, transfer the data related to connected network and rotors connected to network between adjacent rotors and records all of its information in the table. Later, Dijkstra's algorithm is implemented and the best paths led to different destinations are inserted in the path finding table. The objective of this study was presenting an algorithm based on Dijkstra there in addition to cost Metric, another metric to be used that highly reduces traffic in the network and improves delay time in the network.

Empirical Investigations to Find Illegal and its Equivalent Test Cases using RANDOM-DELPHI

Software quality can be described as degree of conformance to functional, performance requirements, implicit and explicit characteristics and specified document development standards. To assure software quality testing and debugging both have to be accommodate Testing is a sequence of steps that can be applied to achieve or uncover bugs, which can be rated as mild, moderate, serious, seriously disturbing, extreme, intolerable, and catastrophic. Sometimes low frequency bugs may not detected using normal testing, but causes huge disaster like Ariane 5, Patriot missile, Mars path finder. To uncover low frequency bugs Random Testing (RT) is a best alternative strategy. However random testing is useful technique for testing, the implications of random testing are not to choose random testing as their testing technique for the testers. In this paper we present the implications of random testing and to prove these implications with the FTP-Client Server application.

PATH FINDER PROCESS VALIDATION OF MOIST HEAT STERILIZER IN PARENTRAL MANUFACTURING UNIT

Objective:- Moist heat sterilization is the most important in pharmaceutical Parentral manufacturing unit. Sterile products have several unique dosage form properties, such as freedom from microorganisms, freedom from pyrogens, freedom from particulates, and extremely high standards of purity and quality; however, the ultimate goal in the manufacture of a sterile product is absolute absence of microbial contamination. An attempt has been made in this research work to validate the Moist Heat Steriliser with technical parameters  classified as Critical and Variable Parameters. Method:- Moist Heat Sterilization method is used for Sterilization of Accessories,Garments ,Silicon tubes, filtration assembly etc. on basis of coagulation of cell proteins. Moist Heat Steriliser  is validated every half year to ensure the system is liable to consistently, provide dehydrogenated or sterile product and meets the quality standards. Validation is done by proper planning by taking regular load and experimental load of regular batches of the product. The study is done on Heat distribution, Heat penetration, and Bio burden determination, Minimize the utility cost, and Man hours during sterilization cycle. Result:- The result found in this research work leads to setting up New approach to Validate Moist Heat Steriliser in Parentral manufacturing unit with cost effective way. Conclusion:- The Path finder validation process setup through this project is Cost saving through Energy as well as Man Hour Saving and Breakage of Units also maintain Sterility in product. It is helpful to find out Hot and Cold Spots in Moist Heat sterilizer and Designing and   Placement of RTDs. The findings were submitted to the Parentral Department of Vital HealthCare Pvt. Ltd., Satpur. MIDC, Nashik. KEYWORDS:-Moist heat Sterilization , Process Validation , Critical and Variable parameters.

A wave equation interpolating between classical and quantum mechanics**We dedicate this paper to the memory of Richard Lewis Arnowitt—a pioneer of many-body theory, a path finder at the interface of gravity and quantum mechanics, and a true leader in non-relativistic and relativistic quantum field theory.

We derive a ‘master’ wave equation for a family of complex-valued waves whose phase dynamics is dictated by the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for the classical action . For a special choice of the dynamics of the amplitude R which eliminates all remnants of classical mechanics associated with our wave equation reduces to the Schrödinger equation. In this case the amplitude satisfies a Schrödinger equation analogous to that of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field where the roles of the scalar and the vector potentials are played by the classical energy and the momentum, respectively. In general this amplitude is complex and thereby creates in addition to the classical phase a quantum phase. Classical statistical mechanics, as described by a classical matter wave, follows from our wave equation when we choose the dynamics of the amplitude such that it remains real for all times. Our analysis shows that classical and quantum matter waves are distinguished by two different choices of the dynamics of their amplitudes rather than two values of Planck’s constant.

Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy and Energy-Resolving Detectors

Imaging spectroscopy has seen rapid progress over the past 25 years, leading to breakthroughs in many fields of astronomy that would not have been otherwise possible. This review overviews the visible/infrared imaging spectroscopy techniques as well as energy-resolving detectors. We introduce the working principle of scanning Fabry-Perot and Fourier transform spectrometers and explain the most common integral field concepts based on mirror slicers, lenslet arrays, and fibers. The main advantage of integral field spectrographs is the simultaneous measurement of spatial and spectral information. Although Fabry-Perot and Fourier transform spectrometers can provide a larger field of view, it is ultimately the higher sensitivity of integral field units that make them the technique of choice. This is arguably the case for image slicers, which make the most efficient use of the available detector pixels and have equal or higher transmission than lenslet arrays and fiber integral field units, respectively. We also address the more specific issues of large étendue operation, focal ratio degradation, anamorphic magnification, and diffraction-limited operation. This review also covers the emerging technology of energy-resolving detectors, which promise very simple and efficient instrument designs. These energy-resolving detectors are based on superconducting thin film technology and exploit either the very small superconducting energy to count the number of quasi-particles excited in the absorption of the photon or the extremely steep phase transition between the normal- and superconducting phase to measure a temperature increase. We have put special emphasis on an overview of the underlying physical phenomena as well as on the recent technological progress and astronomical path finder experiments.

Parallelization of Shortest Path Finder on GPU: Floyd-Warshall

Parallelization of Shortest Path Finder on GPU: Floyd-Warshall

An Analysis on Fight Against Climatic Changes in India

The great Indian ancestors were highly concern not only with environment but also with climate, we have lot of evidences available but later on we forgotten that is why we followed the world community in nineteen century. India enacted vital laws for environmental concern since after independency even though there was lacuna for environmental concern during framing of Indian Constitution, but India became caution after participating in fighting of environmental devil at world level. However, the development of Indian environmental law is bit-by-bit and answering to certain Spark off the events. These can be identified in the evolution of the Indian environmental law. The U.N conference on human environment held at Stockholm in 1972 was path finder for legislation in the field of environmental laws and climatic changes. On that base line Indian parliament enacted various Act and included some of provisions relating to the environment in the Constitution like Articles 48 A and 51 A (g). Now Indian society having hidden but deep impact of climate change, Recently a bill on climate change that aims at bringing about a comprehensive change to the country's existing laws, On the other hand In Lima conference UN member’s countries agreed on curbing Earth-warming greenhouse gas emissions.But a mere enumeration of the strategy at various International or National level will sufficient. The starring role being played by the Indian judiciary has strengthened the environmental jurisprudence in India.