Path Analysis Of Yield Research Articles

Assessment of genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and its components in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Genetic variability, heritability, correlation and path analysis were carried out in 27 groundnut genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypesfor all the characters. The estimated PCV and GCV indicated existence of fairly high degree of variability for dry pod yield/plant, kernel yield/plant, number of branches/plant, number of mature pods /plant and seed protein content. In corollary to high heritability, estimates of genetic advance as per cent of mean was also observed for dry pod yield/plant, kernel yield/plant, number of mature pods/plant and seed protein content indicating predominance of additive gene effects for these traits. The association study among characters revealed that dry pod yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of pegs/plant, number of mature pods/plant and kernel yield/plant. Path coefficient analysis revealed that kernel yield/plant, biological yield/plant and harvest index had maximum positive direct effect on dry pod yield/plant. The study shows that greater emphasis should be given on these characters while selecting for higheryield and related traits in groundnut.

Genetic variability, association and path analysis for yield and fruit quality components in yellow- berried nightshade (Solanum surattense)

Genetic variability, association and path analysis for yield and fruit quality components in yellow- berried nightshade (Solanum surattense)

Correlation and Path Analysis for Yield and Yield Attributes in Maintainer Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The study was conducted during kharif season (June–October) of 2016 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture College, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Jagtial, Telangana, India. Forty (40) maintainer lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were grown in randomized block design replicated twice to find the relationships between the yield and its components, as well as their direct and indirect effects on the rice grain yield. Observations were recorded for yield, yield attributing characters and quality traits on five randomly selected competitive plants for each entry in each replication for 15 characters. The results revealed that the analysis of variance was significant for all the characters investigated. Grain yield was significantly correlated with its component characters like number of tillers plant-1 (0.9191**), panicle length (0.3339**), milling percentage (0.3214**) and hulling percentage (0.2873**) whereas it showed a negligible positive correlation with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, kernel length, kernel breadth, L/B ratio, test weight, hulling percentage, and head rice recovery percentage. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of tillers plant-1 (0.9439) exerted maximum positive direct effect on plant yield followed by kernel breadth, L/B ratio, panicle length, milling percentage, days to flowering and head rice recovery percentage indicated their importance in determining the complex character and therefore should be kept in mind while practicing selection aimed at improving the grain yield.

Correlation and Path Analysis for Yield and its Phenological, Physiological, Morphological and Biochemical Traits under Salinity Stress in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The investigation was carried out during rabi season (November–April) of 2020–2021 in the polyhouse, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. CRD (Completely Randomize Design) were used in 3 replications with the objective to assess the performance of 20 chickpea genotypes under salinity stress conditions in order to identify genotypes that demonstrate greater tolerance to these conditions. To induce the salinity stress, NaCl salts were administer in two split doses of 120 mM during sowing and at 15 DAS. The study evaluated a range of parameters, including phenological, physiological, morphological, biochemical, and yield parameters, to examine the impact of salt stress on genotypes that exhibit varying levels of tolerance. Total proline content increment is due to increase of stress related proteins during the salinity. The yield parameters increase in non-saline conditions whereas in stress conditions, yield will get reduce. The findings revealed an increase in the total Proline content due to the production of stress-related proteins during salinity stress; however, yield parameters were negatively affected under stress conditions, with the most significant decrease observed in the 120 mM NaCl treatment group compared to the control group. ICC5439 and GNG 1581 emerged as highly tolerant chickpea genotypes under salinity stress conditions, while ICC 6050, ICC 251, ICC 252, and ICC 262 exhibited medium tolerance. In contrast, ICC253, ICC 247, and ICC 249 were found to be highly susceptible genotypes, with the remaining genotypes showing minimal tolerance and sensitivity to salinity stress.

Genetic Variability and Path Analysis for Yield and Grain Yield Component Characters in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes

The present investigation consists of 21 genotypes of Rice including one check, which were grown under the Field Experiment Centre of the Department of GPB, SHUATS, Prayagraj during Kharif 2021 following Randomized Block Design with three replications. Analysis of variance among 21 genotypes showed significant difference for all the characters studied. Based on the mean performance, genotypes NUMALI followed by KALINGA and MTU-1155 were identified as suitable genotypes with highest grain yield per hill. High estimates of PCV, GCV, heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean were recorded for grain yield per hill, biological yield and flag leaf length indicating that these characters could be used as selection for crop improvement. Biological yield and harvest index showed positive significant association and recorded high positive direct effect on grain yield per hill at both the genotypic and phenotypic levels. These characters such as biological yield, and harvest index should be given prior consideration during selection for grain yield improvement in rice.

Studies on Correlation and Path Analysis for Yield and Morpho-Physiological Traits in Elite Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes under Dry DSR System

An experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College, Aswaraopet, Bhadradri Kothagudem district, Telangana, India during July to December 2021 by using thirty elite rice genotypes comprising of different durations i.e. short, medium and long to study the nature of relationship between grain yield and morpho-physiological traits by partitioning the correlation co-efficients between grain yield and morpho-physiological traits into direct and indirect effects. Observations were recorded on seven yield, six physiological and three root characters. The correlation studies revealed that, grain yield plant-1 had shown a significant positive association with yield contributing traits like 1000 grain weight, spikelet fertility, specific leaf area and root biomass, indicating the importance of these traits in yield improvement. Among all other yield attributing characters, spikelet fertility showed the highest significant positive correlation with yield whereas days to 50% flowering and number of productive tillers plant-1 exhibited non-significant positive association with grain yield plant-1. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the highest positive direct effect on grain yield was exhibited by spikelet fertility and 1000 grain weight. A high magnitude of negative direct effects on yield was shown by field emergence at 14 DAS. Thus, from the studies on correlation and path analysis, it could be concluded that the traits viz., spikelet fertility, 1000 grain weight, specific leaf area and root biomass could be used as selection parameters for improving grain yield under dry DSR system.

Assessment of Genetic Variability, Character Association and Path Analysis for Yield and Quality Traits in Zinc and Iron Rich Landraces of Rice

Background: Rice is the staple food for billions of people globally and contains numerous essential nutrients. Among the nutrients, zinc and iron are vital for several growth metabolisms in plants and humans. Therefore, deficiency of these nutrients causes hidden hunger. However, understandingthe genetic variability of rice germplasm is required for improvement of grain yield, yield contributing and nutritional traits. The present study aimed to examine the variability, heritability, character association and path analysis in zinc and iron-rich rice landraces. Methods: The present investigation was carried out with 37 genotypes of rice in a randomized block design with two replications during Kharif-2021 at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Maruteru. Result: The studies on variability, heritability and genetic advance as percent mean results revealed moderate GCV and PCV coupled with high heritability and genetic advance as percent mean recorded for days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, zinc content, iron content and grain yield plant-1 indicating scope for simultaneous improvement of these traits along with grain yield plant-1. Character associations and path analysis revealed positive and significant association coupled with a high positive direct effect for grains panicle-1, zinc content and productive tillers plant-1, indicating the effectiveness of direct phenotypic selection for these traits in the improvement of grain yield plant-1.

Variability and association studies for yield and yield contributing traits in long grain rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Thirty accessions of long grain rice with grain length > 6.2mm including two checks viz., KNM 118 and IR 64 were evaluated to study variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and yield attributing traits. High range of variation, PCV and GCV were observed for number of effective tillers per plant, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of effective tillers per plant, plant height, panicle length, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, grain length, grain L/B ratio and grain yield per plant. Among all the entries tested KPS 6363 and KPS 3272 were found promising with higher grain yield per plant. Correlation analysis revealed that plant height, panicle weight, grain breadth exhibited a significant and positive association with grain yield per plant. Path analysis revealed that among quantitative traits number of effective tillers per plant, plant height, panicle weight and number of grains per panicle and quality traits kernel breadth, kernel L/B ratio, grain length and kernel L/B ratio had shown positive direct effect on grain yield per plant followed by kernel breadth, plant height, panicle weight, grain length and number of grains per panicle and these traits can be used as selection indices for development of high yielding rice varieties coupled with quality.

Genetic Variability and Path Analysis for Yield and Associated Traits in Linseed Genotypes

An experiment was conducted to study the nature and magnitude of genetic variability with yield and related traits and characters association in linseed. Twelve diverse linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes were evaluated in randomized block design withthree replications duringrabiseason 2020-21 in the experiment field of AICRP on oilseeds in the college of agriculture Tikamgarh. The higher phenotypic coefficient values than corresponding genotypic coefficient values depicted influence of environment in the expression of traits. The data were recorded for days to flowering initiation, days to 50 % flowering, plant stand per hectare, plant height, primary branches per plant, capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, biological yield per plant, days to maturity,1000 seed weight, yield per plant, yield per ha., protein and oil content.High to moderate magnitude of PCV and GCV were observed for the traits viz., 1000 seed weight, yield per plant, plant height, biological yield per plant, days to flower initiation indicating the presence of significant variability in the existing collection and in path coefficient analysis revealed the positive direct effect at both genotypic and phenotypic levels for the characters for days to 50% flower, plant height, number of capsule per plant, 1000 seed weight and primary branches per plant respectively.

Correlation coefficient and path analysis of yield and yield attributing characters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under reproductive drought stress in the Terai region of Nepal

An experimental trial of nine rice genotypes was conducted in the Agronomy field of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS) Paklihawa Campus under a randomized block design layout with three replications from July to November of 2022. The aim was to study genetic variability and analyze the character association of yield and yield-attributing components in rice genotypes and their direct and indirect effect on grain yield under reproductive drought stress conditions. Observations on days to flowering (50%), plant height, panicle length, panicle weight, number of grains/panicles, effective panicle/m², grain yield, and 1000 kernel weight were recorded. Grain yield showed a highly positive significant correlation with effective panicle/m² (0.713**), followed by plant height (0.347) and panicle length (0.289). The path coefficient analysis of different traits revealed the highest positive direct effect of the effective panicle per m² (0.748963), followed by panicle length (0.24145) and plant height (0.227505). The highest negative direct effect was shown by the number of grains per panicle (-0.31218). The experimental results revealed that the selection of trait-effective panicle per square meter would be most beneficial for the improvement of yield in rice genotypes facilitating selection and plant breeding programs.

Correlation and path analysis of yield and yield attributing traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in irrigated and non-irrigated environments

Correlation and path analysis helps breeders to discriminate the yield attributing characters and aids in the development of the cultivars that are better suited to the changing scenario. The present study was conducted during 2019-2021 at the farm of Deurali Institute of Agro-tourism and Educational Research Center, Nepal to assess the relation between the yield and yield attributing characters, and the direct and indirect effect of these traits to the grain yield. Twenty elite wheat lines were planted in two environments viz., irrigated and non-irrigated and data were collected at different stage of growth. From this study, the highest correlation of yield contributing factor with grain yield was observed in grain per spike (GPS) in irrigated environment, whereas it was with spikelet per spike (SPS) and spike length (SPL) in case of non-irrigated environment suggesting that SPS and SPL can be used for selecting genotypes in non-irrigated environment. In both the environment, spike length had highest direct effect to the grain yield indicating that the direct selection to improve grain yield with these traits would be effective; in addition, SPL and SPS have also direct positive effect to the grain yield and valuable for improving grain yield and adaptability in non-irrigated environment.

Correlation and path analysis of yield and yield attributing traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in irrigated and non-irrigated environments

Correlation and path analysis helps breeders to discriminate the yield attributing characters and aids in the development of the cultivars that are better suited to the changing scenario. The present study was conducted during 2019-2021 at the farm of Deurali Institute of Agro-tourism and Educational Research Center, Nepal to assess the relation between the yield and yield attributing characters, and the direct and indirect effect of these traits to the grain yield. Twenty elite wheat lines were planted in two environments viz., irrigated and non-irrigated and data were collected at different stage of growth. From this study, the highest correlation of yield contributing factor with grain yield was observed in grain per spike (GPS) in irrigated environment, whereas it was with spikelet per spike (SPS) and spike length (SPL) in case of non-irrigated environment suggesting that SPS and SPL can be used for selecting genotypes in non-irrigated environment. In both the environment, spike length had highest direct effect to the grain yield indicating that the direct selection to improve grain yield with these traits would be effective; in addition, SPL and SPS have also direct positive effect to the grain yield and valuable for improving grain yield and adaptability in non-irrigated environment.

Studies on Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Yield and Yield Attributing Characters in Rice Landraces (Oryza sativa L.)

In order to characterise the correlation and path analysis for yield and yield attributing traits for 66 genotypes including 4 checks in Augmented Block Design replicated thrice during Kharif, 2021, the present investigation was conducted at the Agricultural College, Aswaraopet, Bhadradri, Telangana. The most positive and significant correlation between important traits and grain yield per plant was found to be between the number of panicles per plant and the number of filled grains per panicle indicating yield can be improved through improvement of these traits. The features number of panicles per plant and number of filled grains per panicle had reported the strongest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant, and may be considered as excellent selection criteria for yield improvement, according to path coefficient analysis.

Genetic Variability and Correlation Study in Determinate Type Progenies of Indian Bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet

Aims: In India, the Indian bean is a popular vegetable and legume crop. An attempt was made to analyze the variability, correlation as well as direct-indirect effects using path analysis for yield and its sub-characters.
 Place and Duration of Study: Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat. In Rabi 2019-20.
 Methodology: The investigation was conducted using 55 genotypes in a randomized block design using three replications. Total of eleven quantitative traits were studied and data was collected from ten random plants from each genotype.
 Results: ANOVA depicted sufficient variability present among the genotypes for all traits. Plant height, racemes per plant, pods per raceme, pod weight, pods per plant, pod width, and seed yield per plant showed moderate to high GCV (Genotypic coefficient of variation) and PCV (Phenotypic coefficient of variation), moderate to high heritability, and moderate to high genetic advance as a per cent of mean. Plant height, racemes per plant, pods per plant, pod weight, and pods per raceme were significantly and positively associated with seed yield per plant at the genotypic level. Pods per plant had the most favorable direct effects (0.736) on seed yield per plant, subsequently by pod weight, seeds per pod, pods per raceme, pod length, pod width, plant height and days to maturity.
 Conclusion: It is concluded that sufficient amount of variability is present within the material under study. The selection for pods per plant, pods per raceme, pod weight, pod length, pod width, plant height, seeds per pod and days to maturity would be easy and useful in bringing about improvement of seed yield in Indian bean.

Studies on Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Yield and Yield Attributing Characters in Rice Landraces (Oryza sativa L.)

In order to characterise the correlation and path analysis for yield and yield attributing traits for 66 genotypes including 4 checks in Augmented Block Design replicated thrice during Kharif, 2021, the present investigation was conducted at the Agricultural College, Aswaraopet, Bhadradri, Telangana. The most positive and significant correlation between important traits and grain yield per plant was found to be between the number of panicles per plant and the number of filled grains per panicle indicating yield can be improved through improvement of these traits. The features number of panicles per plant and number of filled grains per panicle had reported the strongest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant, and may be considered as excellent selection criteria for yield improvement, according to path coefficient analysis.

Character association and path analysis for yield and Yeild contributing traits in greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) 2n= 2x = 22 is cultivated on a large scale in several parts of the world which is the third most valuable pulse crop. Pulses are the primary resource of protein to meet up the nutritional requirement of the world. The most important objective in any crop improvement programme is to increase the seed yield through development of high yielding varieties with resistance to pest and diseases. Thus during the course of Rabi 2021-2022, an experiment was put through to determine correlation and path analysis between yield and its components of Greengram. A total of 189 F3 progenies derived from the cross VBN2 x V2802BG along with parents and checks were utilized for the study and observed for nine quantitative characters viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). The results illustrated that pods per plant (0.969), clusters per plant (0.828), plant height (0.570) witnessed positive correlation coefficient with seed yield per plant which is highly significant. Pods per plant followed by plant height expressed highest positive direct effect on seed yield which is disclosed by path coefficient analysis. Thus while designing a breeding strategy foremost significance has to be given to these attributes to enhance the seed yield in greengram.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis Studies in Rice Hybrids (Oryza sativa L.)

The present investigation was carried out at Agricultural Polytechnic, Polasa, Jagtial, Telangana, to understand the correlation and path analysis for yield and yield attributing traits for 38 genotypes including 3 checks in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice during Rabi, 2022. Association studies revealed that genotypic correlation values were higher than that of phenotypic correlations. Important traits i.e., spikelet fertility (0.8151**/0.8199) followed by 1000 grain weight (0.7889**/0.7956) exhibited the highest positive significant association with single plant yield. Path coefficient analysis also revealed that the traits spikelet fertility and 1000 grain weight had reported the highest positive direct effect of on single plant yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Hence, these traits could be used as selection indices for heterotic rice hybrid development.

Genetic variability, character association, path coefficient analysis in Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

Fifty germplasm lines of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) were evaluated to study the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path analysis for yield and yield attributes. The differences were statistically significant among the genotypes for all the characters. The genotype KIM-14 was found promising for fibre yield and yield contributing characters. The stick weight per plant recorded the highest variance at genotypic and phenotypic levels followed by plant height, days to flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, fibre yield and per cent fibre recovery and the lowest variance was for green weight and basal diameter. The higher phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV) than genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) for all the traits revealed that the characters were highly influenced by the environment. Days to 50% flowering showed high heritability followed by days to flower initiation, fibre yield, stick weight and plant height indicates a good amount of additive genetic components, can be easily utilized for the further crop improvement programme. Stick weight and plant height maintained higher and green weight maintained lower genetic advance. The moderate to high genetic advance with higher heritability over per cent of the mean was in stick weight and plant height indicates a preponderance of additive gene action. Thus, selections should make considering these characters to develop high fibre yielding varieties of kenaf.  The value of genotypic correlation was higher than the phenotypic correlation indicates to eliminate the environmental effects for strengthening genetic association. The yield contributing characters were significantly associated with fibre yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Basal diameter (1.679) at a genotypic level and stick yield, per cent fibre recovery and days to flower initiation maintained positive phenotypic and genotypic direct effect on fibre yield per plant.  Keywords: Mean performance, variability, heritability, genetic advance, path coefficient, PCV, GCV

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Maize is (Zea mays L.) is one of the versatile and diversified crop grown under different agro-climatic conditions. Twenty-eight experimental hybrids along with eight inbred lines and one commercial check were evaluated at agricultural polytechnic, Polasa, jagtial to determine correlation and path analysis for yield and yield attributing traits. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications. Correlation studies revealed that ear girth and 100 grain weight had showed highest positive significant correlation with grain yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis exhibited that days to 50% silking had highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant followed by hundred grain weight, ear girth, number of kernels per row, number of kernels per row and plant height at phenotypic level and genotypic levels. Hence, these traits can be taken as the useful criteria for the development of superior hybrids that ultimately benefit the family community to improve their net income.

Correlation and Path Analysis for Yield and Quality Traits in Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

24 hybrids generated by crossing four male sterile lines with six testers in line x tester fashion were studied along with their parents and checks (BIO-799 and PA 6129) for correlation and path analysis. The results emphasized the need for selection, based on plant type with greater plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, head rice recovery, milling percentage, spikelet fertility, panicle length and kernel length. Since, these traits were found to be the important direct contributors for grain yield.