Paternal Styles Research Articles

Constellations of Maternal and Paternal Parenting Styles in Adolescence: Congruity and Well-Being

ABSTRACT The current study examined patterns of maternal and paternal parenting styles in adolescence and the variations in adolescent well-being as a function of parenting style combinations. Participants included 272 students in grades 9 and 11 from a public high school in a large city in the northeastern United States. Participants completed measures of perceived maternal and paternal parenting styles and indices of psychological well-being. Distinct patterns of maternal and paternal style constellations were established. The most common constellation found was the combination of a neglectful mother and a neglectful father. Participants with either both parents authoritative or only mother authoritative reported higher well-being than participants with no authoritative parent. Participants with no permissive parent or with a permissive mother scored lower on self-esteem than participants with only a permissive father. Finally, participants with either parent neglectful or both parents neglectful scored lower on self-esteem than participants without a neglectful parent. The current study illustrates the need to examine constellations of maternal and paternal parenting in studies assessing the familial variables contributing to adolescent well-being.

Interactional phenomenology of maternal and paternal hypnosis styles

AbstractThe study introduces an interactional analysis of subjective data (PCI and DIH questionnaires) from hypnotist and subject along with the concept of hypnosis styles (maternal/paternal scores), in a real‐simulator design. It was expected that the subjective experiences of maternal and paternal hypnotists (and their subjects) are different: 1) maternal style is more emotional regarding both interactional and experience parameters, while paternal style is rather cognitive and sovereign; 2) subjects can experience subjective signs of alteration of their consciousness with both hypnosis styles; 3) while hypnotizing, maternal hypnotists are more likely to feel the alterations of their own level of consciousness, while paternal hypnotists remain reality‐oriented. The correlational analysis of our data confirmed the above expectations and strengthened the construct of ‘hypnosis style’. Only slight, but characteristic differences could be observed between real and simulating interactions. Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Concepções de pais e mães sobre comportamento paterno real e ideal

O objetivo geral da presente pesquisa foi identificar características da concepção de mães e pais sobre comportamento paterno real e ideal. Participaram do estudo 30 casais (média de 33 anos) com pelo menos um filho na faixa de 3 a 6 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante a aplicação de escalas de estilo paterno, em que os respondentes avaliam o comportamento do pai em termos reais e ideais. Através da análise quantitativa dos dados, constatou-se que não houve diferença significativa na concepção de mães e pais sobre o que seria o comportamento paterno ideal; contudo, em termos reais, existe a tendência de o pai avaliar sua participação como mais efetiva do que imagina a mãe. Por fim, ambos consideram que o ideal de comportamento paterno está distante do real nos aspectos didáticos e de interação social, mas não em relação à disciplina.

Maternal and Paternal Parenting Styles in Adolescents: Associations with Self-Esteem, Depression and Life-Satisfaction

Our study examined variations in adolescent adjustment as a function of maternal and paternal parenting styles. Participants included 272 students in grades 9 and 11 from a public high school in a metropolitan area of the Northeastern US. Participants completed measures of maternal and paternal parenting styles and indices of psychological adjustment. Authoritative mothering was found to relate to higher self-esteem and life-satisfaction and to lower depression. Paternal parenting styles was also related to psychological adjustment, however, although the advantage of authoritative mothering over permissive mothering was evident for all outcomes assessed, for paternal styles the advantage was less defined and only evident for depression. Our study highlights the importance of examining process-oriented agents as part of the broader interest in well-being variations in adolescents.

Style paternel et communications non verbales

Thirthy one boys and 30 girls aged 18 to 28 months were studied to investigate whether a paternal style of non-verbal communication could be observed. The subjects were recorded interacting with a sex- and age-matched peer and then with a peer of the same age but different sex. The same children were then recorded in a play sequence with each of the two parents. The modes of exchange between the children were studied and compared with the type of communication that took place with adults. Based on this study, the notion of paternal style is discussed.

Gender Differences in Parental Coping Following their Child's Death

Abstract The impact of the deaths of 19 children from malignancy on subsequent patterns of maternal and paternal coping styles was evaluated in a retrospective study of Dutch parents. The parents had been bereaved on average for 19 months. Parental coping was measured by the Utrecht Coping List which has comparable male and female norm groups. Coping styles differed significantly between the bereaved parents and their respective norm groups, particularly for parents bereaved for 18 months or less. The impact of the loss of a child, in terms of their parents' capacity to cope with everyday problems and events, would appear to affect mothers and fathers rather differently. But fathers and mothers who had been bereaved for more than 18 months were both closer to their comparable coping style norm groups than those bereaved for less than that time.

Do boys prefer daddy or his physical style of play?

Fathers typically adopt a more physically active style of play with their young sons than mothers, and boys often react more positively to play with fathers than with mothers. The current study examined whether differences in children's reactions were related to differences in parental play style or to parent per se. Eighteen 3-year-old boys were observed as they played with each parent in each of two playrooms — one conducive to the maternal style of play and one to the paternal play style. Both parents were highly flexible in adopting the play style typical of the other parent in the appropriate playroom. The boys reacted more positively to both parents when their play style was more physical and active, resembling the typical paternal style. Differences between parents were smaller than differences related to play environment, but were consistent with existing literature: fathers were more actively involved, took more initiative, and played more physically with their sons than did mothers.