Father Research Articles

Intra-individual changes in sperm parameters and total motile count with time among infertile men.

Paternal age association with sperm parameters has been previously studied, demonstrating a decrease in semen volume, sperm motility, and sperm morphology, but not in sperm concentration. However, scarce data exists on the individual intra-personal changes in semen parameters with time. Retrospective cohort study. To evaluate the changes in semen parameters and total motile count of infertile men over time. In this retrospective cohort study, infertile men without known risk factors for sperm quality deterioration and at least two semen analyses done>3 months apart, between 2005 and 2021, were evaluated. Allocation to groups was according to time between first and last semen analyses - 3-12 months, 1-3 years, 3-5 years, and>5 years. Basic characteristics and first and last semen analyses were compared. The primary outcome was the change in sperm parameters and the secondary outcome was the occurrence of a total motile count<5 million in men with an initial total motile count>10 million. A total of 2018 men were included in the study. The median age at first semen analyses was 36.2 (interquartile range: 32.8-40.1) years and the median time between semen analyses was 323 days (range 90-5810 days).The overall trend demonstrated an increase in concentration in the 3-12 months and the 1-3 years groups, whereas volume, motility, and morphology remained similar in these time groups. Semen analyses done more than 5 years apart showed decreased volume (p<0.05), motility (p<0.05) morphology (p<0.05), and steady sperm concentration. Significant declines in TMCs were found over time (p<0.001), with 18% and 22% of infertile men with an initial total motile count>10 million dropping to<5 million after 3 and 5 years, respectively. The factors independently predictive of total motile count<5M in the last semen analyses in men with an initial total motile count of>10M in a multivariate logistic regression model were baseline volume (odds ratio 0.80, p=0.03), baseline total motile count (odds ratio 0.98, p=0.01) and time between semen analyses - 3-5 years (odds ratio 3.79, p<0.001) and>5 years (odds ratio 3.49, p=0.04) DISCUSSION: Our study demonstrates, at the individual level, that while improvement in sperm concentration is observed in the first year and between 1 and 3 years, possibly due to fertility treatments, fertility-related counseling, and lifestyle changes, semen parameters decline with time over 3 years in individuals. Of significance, close to 22% of men with an initial total motile count>10 million (a range where spontaneous pregnancy is attainable) declined to<5 million (a range usually indicating a need for in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection) over 5 years. This data could contribute to individualized family planning for infertile men regarding the mode and timing of conception and the need for sperm banking, in order to minimize the need for future fertility treatments.

Cerebral palsy risk in relation to parental age: insights from a matched case-control study

BackgroundCerebral palsy, a prevalent childhood physical disability, exhibits complex multifactorial causes. This case-control study explores the role of parental age in cerebral palsy risk and associated patterns.MethodsA case-control study comparing children with cerebral palsy at ages 3 months to 3 years with age-matched healthy control subjects was conducted between January 2022 and August 2023 at Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Cases were recruited from the pediatric physiotherapy outpatient clinic, while controls were selected from pediatric and children emergency wards. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records. Risk factors were evaluated using conditional logistic regression models.ResultsWe studied 134 subjects with cerebral palsy and 134 age-matched control subjects. Significant risk factors for cerebral palsy included the maternal age 35–39 years (odds ratio 2.16, P < 0.005), maternal age ≥ 40 years (odds ratio 3.83, P < 0.005), paternal age 41–45 (odds ratio 2.00, P < 0.05), paternal age ≥ 46 (odds ratio 6.80, P < 0.05), primiparous (odds ratio 2.2, P < 0.05), paternal low income (odds ratio 2.49, P < 0.05), paternal primary education (odds ratio 24.61, P < 0.05), and maternal primary education (odds ratio 2.39, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis research contributes to our understanding of parental age as risk factors associated with cerebral palsy in children. The results also underscore the importance of demographic and socioeconomic factors, especially father’s level of income, maternal parity, and parental education. These findings can guide future research and public health interventions aimed at reducing the burden of cerebral palsy.

Effect of Family Income Level on Pediatric Upper Extremity Fracture Rate

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the sociodemographic characteristics of children with upper extremity fractures with those of children without upper extremity fractures. Materials and Methods: A total of 161 participants (age:11.24±2.95, female:53, male:108), 100 of whom were admitted to the orthopedics and traumatology clinic in 2022 with upper extremity fractures and 61 without upper extremity fractures, were included in the study. Participants; age, height, weight, mother's education level, mother's age, father's education level, father's age and monthly income of the family were recorded. Fracture and recurrent fracture rates of the participants who were members of a family whose monthly income was below the minimum wage and those who were included in a family with a monthly income above the minimum wage were compared. Results: The age, height and weight of the participants without upper extremity fractures were greater than those with upper extremity fractures (p&amp;lt;0.01). The body mass index of those with upper extremity fractures was lower than those without upper extremity fractures (p=0.001). While the number of upper extremity fractures in the participants who were members of families with a monthly income below the minimum wage was 79 (63.70%), the number of fractures in the participants who were members of families with an income above the minimum wage was 21 (56.80%) (p=0.44). In addition, when those with upper extremity fractures were evaluated independently from those without upper extremity fractures; While the number of recurrent upper extremity fractures was 7 (33.3%) in the participants who grew up in families with an income above the minimum wage, the number of recurrent upper extremity fractures was 11 (13.9%) in the participants who grew up in families with an income above the minimum wage (p= 0.04). Conclusion: Low body mass index may increase the rate of upper extremity fractures in children. For this reason, families should be informed about the possibility of physical development of children at risk for upper extremity fractures. In addition, the rate of recurrent upper extremity fractures is higher in children of families with a relatively high monthly income. Families with relatively high incomes should be made aware of the safety measures to be taken against accidents in their living spaces.

Examining Sex Differences in Autism Heritability

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder more prevalent in males than in females. The cause of ASD is largely genetic, but the association of genetics with the skewed sex ratio is not yet understood. To our knowledge, no large population-based study has provided estimates of heritability by sex. To estimate the sex-specific heritability of ASD. This was a population-based, retrospective analysis using national health registers of nontwin siblings and cousins from Sweden born between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 1998, with follow-up to 19 years of age. Data analysis occurred from August 2022 to November 2023. Models were fitted to estimate the relative variance in risk for ASD occurrence owing to sex-specific additive genetics, shared environmental effects, and a common residual term. The residual term conceptually captured other factors that promote individual behavioral variation (eg, maternal effects, de novo variants, rare genetic variants not additively inherited, or gene-environment interactions). Estimates were adjusted for differences in prevalence due to birth year and maternal and paternal age by sex. The sample included 1 047 649 individuals in 456 832 families (538 283 males [51.38%]; 509 366 females [48.62%]). Within the entire sample, 12 226 (1.17%) received a diagnosis of ASD, comprising 8128 (1.51%) males and 4098 (0.80%) females. ASD heritability was estimated at 87.0% (95% CI, 81.4%-92.6%) for males and 75.7% (95% CI, 68.4%-83.1%) for females with a difference in heritability estimated at 11.3% (95% CI, 1.0%-21.6%). There was no support for shared environmental contributions. These findings suggest that the degree of phenotypic variation attributable to genetic differences (heritability) differs between males and females, indicating that some of the underlying causes of the condition may differ between the 2 sexes. The skewed sex ratio in ASD may be partly explained by differences in genetic variance between the sexes.

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for birth defects: a study from population-based surveillance data

ObjectiveTo explore risk factors for birth defects (including a broad range of specific defects).MethodsData were derived from the Population-based Birth Defects Surveillance System in Hunan Province, China, 2014–2020. The surveillance population included all live births, stillbirths, infant deaths, and legal termination of pregnancy between 28 weeks gestation and 42 days postpartum. The prevalence of birth defects (number of birth defects per 1000 infants) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (method: Forward, Wald, α = 0.05) and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were used to identify risk factors for birth defects. We used the presence or absence of birth defects (or specific defects) as the dependent variable, and eight variables (sex, residence, number of births, paternal age, maternal age, number of pregnancies, parity, and maternal household registration) were entered as independent variables in multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsOur study included 143,118 infants, and 2984 birth defects were identified, with a prevalence of 20.85% (95%CI: 20.10–21.60). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that seven variables (except for parity) were associated with birth defects (or specific defects). There were five factors associated with the overall birth defects. The risk factors included males (OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.39–1.61), multiple births (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.18–1.76), paternal age < 20 (OR = 2.20, 95%CI: 1.19–4.09) or 20–24 (OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.42–1.94), maternal age 30–34 (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.04–1.29) or > = 35 (OR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.33–1.81), and maternal non-local household registration (OR = 2.96, 95%CI: 2.39–3.67). Some factors were associated with the specific defects. Males were risk factors for congenital metabolic disorders (OR = 3.86, 95%CI: 3.15–4.72), congenital limb defects (OR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.14–1.58), and congenital kidney and urinary defects (OR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.65–3.34). Rural areas were risk factors for congenital metabolic disorders (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.01–1.44). Multiple births were risk factors for congenital heart defects (OR = 2.09, 95%CI: 1.55–2.82), congenital kidney and urinary defects (OR = 2.14, 95%CI: 1.05–4.37), and cleft lip and/or palate (OR = 2.85, 95%CI: 1.32–6.15). Paternal age < 20 was the risk factor for congenital limb defects (OR = 3.27, 95%CI: 1.10–9.71), 20–24 was the risk factor for congenital heart defects (OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.24–2.17), congenital metabolic disorders (OR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.11–2.21), congenital limb defects (OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.14–2.29), and congenital ear defects (OR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.17–3.89). Maternal age < 20 was the risk factor for cleft lip and/or palate (OR = 3.14, 95%CI: 1.24–7.95), 30–34 was the risk factor for congenital limb defects (OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.09–1.73), >=35 was the risk factor for congenital heart defects (OR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.14–1.99), congenital limb defects (OR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.41–2.78), and congenital ear defects (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.06–3.10). Number of pregnancies = 2 was the risk factor for congenital nervous system defects (OR = 2.27, 95%CI: 1.19–4.32), >=4 was the risk factor for chromosomal abnormalities (OR = 2.03, 95%CI: 1.06–3.88) and congenital nervous system defects (OR = 3.03, 95%CI: 1.23–7.47). Maternal non-local household registration was the risk factor for congenital heart defects (OR = 3.57, 95%CI: 2.54–5.03), congenital metabolic disorders (OR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.06–3.37), congenital limb defects (OR = 2.94, 95%CI: 1.86–4.66), and congenital ear defects (OR = 3.26, 95%CI: 1.60–6.65).ConclusionIn summary, several risk factors were associated with birth defects (including a broad range of specific defects). One risk factor may be associated with several defects, and one defect may be associated with several risk factors. Future studies should examine the mechanisms. Our findings have significant public health implications as some factors are modifiable or avoidable, such as promoting childbirths at the appropriate age, improving the medical and socio-economic conditions of non-local household registration residents, and devoting more resources to some specific defects in high-risk groups, which may help reducing birth defects in China.

NILAI-NILAI MORAL DALAM DONGENG PUTRI BERKULIT KUNING KARYA MADE TARO

Fairy tales are fun for children, and can optimize children's character development in achieving thinking development. Intellectual intelligence can be fulfilled if parents are able to take the time to tell stories to their children. This research discusses the moral values contained in the fairy tale "The Yellow-Skinned Girl" by Made Taro. In analyzing using the Moral Education theory according to Sjarkawi, Moral education is an educational process that aims to foster the formation of good morals for everyone and can change a person's behavior to become moral. In this research, repeated reading and note-taking techniques were used, focusing on the moral values contained in the fairy tales. Data collection uses library methods, this type of research is descriptive qualitative. The method for presenting data analysis uses an informal method. As a result of the discussion, there are eight moral message quotes that the author can analyze. Among them, a wife's loyalty to her husband, not being able to distinguish between daughters and sons, a mother's struggle to save her child, not distinguishing between daughters and sons, a mother's struggle to save her child, not being allowed to speak lies, a children who diligently help their parents, children's love for their biological father.

Legal Protection of the Rights Children Born Out of Wedlock: A Comparative Study in Indonesia and Malaysia

Children born out of wedlock have the same human rights as those born within a legitimate marriage. This research aims to discuss how the law can play a crucial role in providing strong protection for the rights of children born out of wedlock, comparing legal regulations in family law between Indonesia and Malaysia. The research utilizes normative method of comparative legal analysis to examine regulations related to the legal status of children born out of wedlock within the legal systems of Indonesia and Malaysia. The results of this research indicate that in Indonesia, the protection of children born out of wedlock in terms of their rights can be fulfilled by both parents, and a child born out of wedlock can be acknowledged by the father as long as it can be substantiated through scientific knowledge or concrete legal evidence. Conversely, in Malaysia, the decision regarding the lineage of a child born out of wedlock lies entirely with the mother and her family, following the Shafi’i school of thought, and this has not changed to date. As a consequence, children born out of wedlock in Malaysia may lose their civil rights, including financial rights, custody, inheritance, and other rights from their biological father. Malaysian law also regulates penalties for individuals engaged in relationships outside of marriage to protect their lineage and prevent mixed-race offspring.

Paternal Age Amplifies Cryopreservation-Induced Stress in Human Spermatozoa.

The global fall in male fertility is a complicated process driven by a variety of factors, including environmental exposure, lifestyle, obesity, stress, and aging. The availability of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has allowed older couples to conceive, increasing the average paternal age at first childbirth. Advanced paternal age (APA), most often considered male age ≥40, has been described to impact several aspects of male reproductive physiology. In this prospective cohort study including 200 normozoospermic patients, 105 of whom were ≤35 years (non-APA), and 95 of whom were ≥42 years (APA), we assessed the impact of paternal age on different endpoints representative of sperm quality and cryopreservation tolerance. Non-APA patients had superior fresh semen quality; DNA fragmentation was notably increased in APA as compared to non-APA individuals (21.7% vs. 15.4%). Cryopreservation further increased the DNA fragmentation index in APA (26.7%) but not in non-APA patients. Additionally, APA was associated with increased mtDNAcn in both fresh and frozen/thawed sperm, which is indicative of poorer mitochondrial quality. Cryopreservation negatively impacted acrosome integrity in both age groups, as indicated by reduced incidences of unreacted acrosome in relation to fresh counterparts in non-APA (from 71.5% to 57.7%) and APA patients (from 75% to 63%). Finally, cryopreservation significantly reduced the phosphorylation status of proteins containing tyrosine residues in sperm from young males. Therefore, the present findings shed light on the effects of paternal age and cryopreservation on sperm quality and serve as valuable new parameters to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sperm developmental competence that are under threat in current ART practice.

The current 'dramatically' high paternal ages at childbirth are not unprecedented.

There is strong individual-level evidence that late fatherhood is related to a wide range of health disorders and conditions in offspring. Over the last decades, mean paternal ages at childbirth have risen drastically. This has alarmed researchers from a wide range of fields. However, existing studies have an important shortcoming in that they lack a long-term perspective. This article is a step change in providing such a long-term perspective. We unveil that in many countries the current mean paternal ages at childbirth and proportions of fathers of advanced age at childbirth are not unprecedented. Taking the detected U-shaped trend pattern into account, we discuss individual- and population-level implications of the recent increases in paternal ages at childbirth and highlight important knowledge gaps. At the individual level, some of the biological mechanisms that are responsible for the paternal age-related health risk might, at least to some degree, be counterbalanced by various social factors. Further, how these individual-level effects are linked to population health and human cognitive development might be influenced by various factors, including technical advances and regulations in prenatal diagnostics.

Intergenerational conflict, contact with biological parents, and child functioning in kinship caregiver families

Over time, federal child welfare policy has shaped a preference for states to make every effort to place children with kinship caregivers before non-kin, foster caregivers. The current study focuses on two aspects of out-of-home care that past research indicates differ between kin and non-kin foster care arrangements: frequency of conflict between caregivers and biological parents (higher among kin foster care) and children’s contact with biological parents (easier to facilitate among kin foster care). Using a convenience sample of kinship caregivers recruited from a midwestern state, we examined cross-sectional associations between intergenerational conflict, child contact with biological mothers and fathers, and child well-being among kinship care households. N = 205 kinship caregivers completed an extensive telephone interview about a range of relevant topics, including study child well-being (i.e., the child that requires the most care and attention from the kin caregiver). After controlling for a range of caregiver, child, and contextual factors, more frequent intergenerational conflict was associated with a greater likelihood of child hyperactivity disorder, mental health concerns, learning disabilities, and any of the diagnoses individually or in combination. Results concerning child contact with biological mothers and fathers were less conclusive. The findings will add to our understanding of kinship care as a preferred form of non-parental care and have value to those implementing the 2018 Family First Prevention Services Act (H.R. 1892).

Protective factors of psychological vulnerability in Rescue 1122 workers with vicarious traumatization.

This study aimed to determine the protective factors of psychological vulnerability in Rescue 1122 workers and to find out the difference in work mattering, coping, grittiness, and psychological vulnerability between rescue workers of fire service and ambulance service department with vicarious traumatization. A cross-sectional design was used in this study. A sample of 112 male rescue workers was collected from Rescue 1122 department, including participants from the ambulance service (n = 56) and fire service (n = 56) departments through a purposive sampling technique. Rescue workers who experienced vicarious trauma were enrolled in this study after screening through the secondary traumatic stress tool. Work mattering scale, coping strategies questionnaire, short grit scale, and the four-dimensional symptom questionnaire were used. Age, marital status, spouse age, and father's age were significantly positively correlated with distress. Colleagues becoming a target of violence and death of a colleague during duty were significantly positively correlated with somatization. The number of children was a significant positive predictor, and members requiring financial support were a significant negative predictor of psychological vulnerability. Interpersonal mattering, active focused, and active distracting coping emerged as significant negative predictors of distress, anxiety, and depression after controlling for covariates. A significant difference was found in active distraction coping between the fire service and ambulance service departments. Rescue workers who considered that their work mattered used religious coping and distraction or adopted a practical approach toward dealing with stress, and those who were grittier were less vulnerable to psychological symptoms. So, these can be considered as protective factors of psychological vulnerability.

Low Estradiol Level and Endometrial Thickness on the Day of Endometrial Transformation Influence Clinical Pregnancy After Intrauterine Insemination.

The causes of pregnancy failure after intrauterine insemination (IUI) are controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on clinical pregnancy after IUI. This study retrospectively analyzed 1464 cycles of IUI performed at the Meizhou People's Hospital between March 2014 and June 2023. The χ2 test and logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the associations between the some factors (maternal age, paternal age, cycle type (natural cycle or ovulation induction cycle), hormone level on the day of endometrial transformation (estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone (P)), endometrial thickness on the day of endometrial transformation, and forward motile sperm concentration after treatment) and pregnancy failure. Among the 1464 IUI cycles in this study, 268 cycles of assisted reproduction resulted in clinical pregnancy, with a clinical pregnancy rate of 18.3%. During the cycles with clinical pregnancy, there were 25 (12.9%) preterm births and 169 (87.1%) full-term births. The E2 level on the day of endometrial transformation in clinical pregnancy group was higher than that in the pregnancy failure group (658.79±656.02 vs 561.21±558.83 pg/mL)(P=0.025). The clinical pregnancy group had a higher percentage of endometrial thickness between 8 and 13mm on the day of endometrial transformation than the pregnancy failure group (83.2% vs 75.0%)(P=0.002). The results of regressions analysis showed that low E2 level on the day of endometrial transformation (<238.3 pg/mL vs ≥238.3 pg/mL: OR 1.493, 95% CI: 1.086-2.052, P=0.014), and endometrial thickness <8mm on the day of endometrial transformation (<8mm vs 8-13mm: OR 1.886, 95% CI: 1.284-2.771, P=0.001) may increase risk of pregnancy failure performed IUI. Low estradiol level, and endometrial thickness on the day of endometrial transformation may increase risk of pregnancy failure performed intrauterine insemination.

Associations between cerebellar development and autistic traits during adolescence: a population-based cohort study

IntroductionBrain maturation is associated with adolescent socio-cognitive development. The lateral posterior region of the cerebellum plays a critical role in higher cognitive processes, and deviations of this region are associated with autism-related behaviors. Hence, it is plausible that developmental changes in this region of the cerebellum during adolescence are different along a variation in autistic traits. Additionally, its difference may be moderated by parental age at birth and weight growth during infancy, which have effects on brain development.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was two folds: (1) to test whether cerebellar development during adolescence is different along a variation in autistic traits (2) to test whether parental age at birth and weight growth during infancy moderate the results of (1).MethodsLongitudinal study was conducted over a 6-year period with 256, 230 and 187 participants ranging from 10.5 to 17.6 years, observing adolescent development respectively at 2-year time periods. We undertook a detailed investigation into differences in the lateral posterior region of the cerebellum volume. The 50-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was rated by primary parents. Weight growth and parental age were evaluated using maternal and child health handbook records. A multiple regression analysis was performed to examine whether AQ subscales, sex, and their interactions affected cerebellar development. Moderation analysis assessed whether parental age and weight growth moderated associations between cerebellar development and autistic traits. All participants provided written informed consent, and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee (No.10069).ResultsInteractions between sex and attention switching and sex and attention to detail were significantly associated with cerebellar development in the bilateral gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of Crus I and Crus II (Fig1, 2). Simple slope analyses showed that the slopes of cerebellar development were significant for girls (pFDR &lt; 0.001). Although no significant interaction was found between them, the main effect of attention to detail was significantly associated with cerebellar development in WM of VIIB (pFDR = 0.006). Further, moderation analysis found that the association between the cerebellar development and autistic traits were significantly moderated by maternal age; the magnitude of its effect was significant for high maternal age in boys (pFDR = 0.036, Fig3). Paternal age, early (0-9 months) and late weight growth (4-18 months) also moderated associations between them, however, no significance remained after FDR controlling.Image:Image 2:Image 3:ConclusionsThere are significant associations between cerebellar development during adolescence and autistic traits, and its pattern of association can be moderated by parental ages at birth and weight growth during infancy in a cerebellar region- and sex-specific manner.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Applicability of the Child Health Utility instrument to measure health utility in children with intestinal failure: A qualitative study of caregivers

BackgroundCaregivers of children with intestinal failure make many difficult decisions without quantitative data to support how those decisions affect quality of life (QoL). To determine if the Child Health Utility instrument (CHU9D) could be used to collect standardized QoL data, the study aims to determine the most important QoL domains for caregivers of children with intestinal failure. MethodSemi-structured interviews were completed with caregivers of children with intestinal failure that focused on their perspectives of QoL. A content analysis was performed to determine if caregiver perspectives aligned with the nine domains of the CHU9D to support its use in children with intestinal failure. ResultsThere were 10 participants in the study: 9 biological mothers and 1 biological father. Indications for intestinal failure included short bowel syndrome (n = 8), congenital enteropathy (n = 1), and intestinal dysmotility (n = 1). Caregivers endorsed all 9 domains as important with 77.8 % of domains having unanimous agreement. Annoyance and tiredness were each recognized as unnecessary by two participants. Without prompting, most caregivers described QoL through the domains of sadness, daily routine, and activities. When a subgroup of 8 participants were asked specifically about which domains were most important, sadness was cited by the majority (7/8) of caregivers. ConclusionThe caregiver perspective of important domains for assessing QoL is well-reflected through use of the CHU9D. Opportunities exist for examining whether fewer domains may be sufficient, Future work should confirm these findings directly with children with intestinal failure.

Dyadic associations and prediction of maternal and paternal sexual satisfaction in couples–Findings from an 18-year longitudinal study

Background: Sexual satisfaction is one of many crucial factors for the long-term success of romantic relationships. Longitudinal studies examining the dyadic associations between maternal and paternal factors in middle adulthood for predicting sexual satisfaction in later adulthood are scarce. MethodThe German longitudinal intervention study "Future Family” followed families with at least one child over 18-years (Pre: N = 477, mothers: M = 35.2 years, fathers: M = 38.8 years, children: M = 4.1 years). At the time of the 18-year follow-up, N = 150 mothers (M = 54.1 years) were still living together with the biological fathers (M = 56.1 years; mean relationship duration: 32 years). Dyadic associations between individual and dyadic factors at Pre were analyzed with Actor-Partner Interdependence models to predict sexual satisfaction 18 years later. ResultsHigher relationship quality was significantly associated with higher levels of one's own sexual satisfaction 18 years later. Higher levels of maternal and paternal mental health problems were linked to lower levels of sexual satisfaction in both the individual themselves and their partner. General life satisfaction of mothers and fathers only predicted their own sexual satisfaction. The model for dysfunctional parenting yielded no significant effects. ConclusionsThe results indicate that relationship quality, mental health problems, and general life satisfaction of both parents could be starting points for preventive and therapeutic interventions to achieve long-term effects in sexual satisfaction in married couples.

THE INHERITANCE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN FROM MARRIAGE ARE NOT RECORDED ACCORDING TO THE MARRIAGE LAW AND THE COMPILATION OF ISLAMIC LAW

The inheritance rights of children from unregistered marriages is an important aspect of the Compilation of Islamic Law. Although legal marriages should be registered, there are many cases where unregistered marriages can have legal consequences, especially regarding the inheritance rights of children. This research aims to explore the understanding of the inheritance rights of children from unregistered marriages in accordance with the provisions in the Compilation of Islamic Law. This research uses a qualitative research method with a normative juridical approach that is carried out based on legislation which in this case includes kuhperdata, Law No. 1 of 1974. Data is obtained from sources of Law, Civil Code and journals. Data analysis is carried out to filter the data obtained and collected according to its type and finally draw conclusions from the findings obtained. The results showed that, the inheritance status of children from irri marriage according to the Marriage Law can only be obtained from the mother and her mother's family, but after the decision of the Constitutional Court, extra-marital children can get inheritance rights from their father if it can be proven legally and clearly that he has a blood relationship with his biological father. Meanwhile, the inheritance rights of irri marriage according to the Compilation of Islamic Law remain in accordance with their position which states that they only have a nasab relationship and inheritance relationship with their mother and their mother's family but not with their father. Parents can apply for itsbat, the determination of isbat nikah is the emergence of inheritance that gets legal protection because of the kinship or nasab relationship between the person who inherits and the person who inherits caused by birth. So children born in marriage are entitled to inheritance from their parents. If there is a rejection of itsbat nikah, the status of the child from the siri marriage does not have legal force. So children from irri marriages are not entitled to receive inheritance from their father.

생부의 친생부인권과 임시출생신고에 관한 입법론

In this article, the author proposes legislation that would recognize the biological father’s right to deny paternity for a child born within wedlock, and allow the biological father to seek a provisional birth registration for such a child. The main points of the proposed legislation can be summarized as follows:&#x0D; On the biological father’s rights to deny paternity:&#x0D; 1. Ⓐ Within 2 years from the date of the child’s birth, or Ⓑ within 1 year from the date the plaintiff discovers that he is the biological father, provided there is no social parenthood between the legal father and the child, and if the adult child consents to the denial themselves, the biological father may file for the denial of paternity against the legal father and the child/the mother with parental authority.&#x0D; 2. Although the above requirements are met, the court may dismiss the biological father’s request for denial of paternity if such denial significantly harms or is likely to harm the welfare of the child.&#x0D; 3. Any person who files for denial of paternity while aware that he is not the biological father will be subject to criminal punishment.&#x0D; On the provisional birth registration by biological father of the child:&#x0D; 1. The biological father who has already filed for denial of paternity may apply for a provisional birth registration listing himself as the father of the registered child, by attaching test results conducted through scientific methods proving that he is the biological father.&#x0D; 2. A provisional birth registration has the same effect as a formal one, except for matters regarding the child's legal father. Even if a provisional birth registration is made listing himself as the father of the registered child, the child’s legal father remains the mother’s husband until the court’s judgment denying the presumed paternity of the husband, and confirming the biological father's acknowledgment of his paternity is finalized.&#x0D; 3. Upon finalization of the judgment in the lawsuit filed by the biological father for denying paternity, or termination of the legal proceedings for other reasons, the legal father and mother responsible for the birth registration, and the biological father who applied for the provisional birth registration are obligated to correct the provisional birth registration in accordance with the final judgment or parental law.

혼인 중인 여자와 남편 아닌 자 사이에서 출생한 자녀에 대한 생부의 출생신고

The Constitutional Court of Korea declared in the decision of 2021 HunMa975 on March 23, 2023 that the unconstitutionality of Articles 46(2) and 57(1) and (2) of the Family Relationship Registration Act for infringing upon the constitutional right to be registered at birth for illegitimate children born to married women, ordering the legislature to enact remedial legislation by May 31, 2025. This paper proposes a scientific method for determining paternity, whereby a biological father can prove paternity through a test conducted by an agency certified by the Minister of Justice before the child’s birth. In such cases, the presumption of paternity can be immediately rebutted, allowing the biological father to register the child as his own. The paper also suggests that after the child’s birth as a child of his mother’s husband, a biological father can bring an action to deny of paternity in condition that he can demonstrate that his wife could not have conceived a child with her husband due to a long-term separation at the time of conception and if he becomes aware of this fact within two years of the child’s birth. This proposal seeks to strike a balance between the principles of bloodline truth and the child’s welfare.

Paternal aging impacts expression and epigenetic markers as early as the first embryonic tissue lineage differentiation

BackgroundAdvanced paternal age (APA) is associated with adverse outcomes to offspring health, including increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the methylome and transcriptome of the first two early embryonic tissue lineages, the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE), from human blastocysts in association with paternal age and disease risk. High quality human blastocysts were donated with patient consent from donor oocyte IVF cycles from either APA (≥ 50 years) or young fathers. Blastocysts were mechanically separated into ICM and TE lineage samples for both methylome and transcriptome analyses.ResultsSignificant differential methylation and transcription was observed concurrently in ICM and TE lineages of APA-derived blastocysts compared to those from young fathers. The methylome revealed significant enrichment for neuronal signaling pathways, as well as an association with neurodevelopmental disorders and imprinted genes, largely overlapping within both the ICM and TE lineages. Significant enrichment of neurodevelopmental signaling pathways was also observed for differentially expressed genes, but only in the ICM. In stark contrast, no significant signaling pathways or gene ontology terms were identified in the trophectoderm. Despite normal semen parameters in aged fathers, these significant molecular alterations can adversely contribute to downstream impacts on offspring health, in particular neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.ConclusionsAn increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders is well described in children conceived by aged fathers. Using blastocysts derived from donor oocyte IVF cycles to strategically control for maternal age, our data reveals evidence of methylation dysregulation in both tissue lineages, as well as transcription dysregulation in neurodevelopmental signaling pathways associated with APA fathers. This data also reveals that embryos derived from APA fathers do not appear to be compromised for initial implantation potential with no significant pathway signaling disruption in trophectoderm transcription. Collectively, our work provides insights into the complex molecular mechanisms that occur upon paternal aging during the first lineage differentiation in the preimplantation embryo. Early expression and epigenetic markers of APA-derived preimplantation embryos highlight the susceptibility of the future fetus to adverse health outcomes.

Paternal age and first trimester placental size and growth: The Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort

IntroductionDespite a noticeable trend of delayed fatherhood, less is known about the impact of paternal age on the paternally programmed placenta. We hypothesize that paternal aging affects seminal quality and as such induces ageing-related epigenetic alterations that influence placental growth. Our main aim is to investigate associations between paternal age and first trimester (vascular) placental growth trajectories. MethodsPregnant women were enrolled before 10 weeks of gestation in the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort (Predict study). Placental volumes (PV) and utero-placental vascular volumes (uPVV) were measured at 7, 9, and 11 weeks gestation. Associations between paternal age and PV and uPVV were investigated using linear mixed models and the maximum likelihood ratio test to test non-linear relationships. We adjusted for gestational age, fetal sex, parental smoking and maternal age, BMI, education and parity, and stratified for conception mode. ResultsFrom 808 pregnancies we obtained 1313 PV and from 183 pregnancies 345 uPVV measurements. We show no associations between paternal age and PV (p = 0.934) and uPVV (p = 0.489) in our total population or in pregnancies conceived naturally (PV p = 0.166; uPVV p = 0.446) and after IVF/ICSI (PV p = 0.909; uPVV p = 0.749). For example, PV was 0.9% smaller (95% CI -5.7%—7.1%) in fathers aged 40 compared to 30 years old at 9 weeks gestation in the total study population. DiscussionWe are not demonstrating a significant impact of paternal age on first trimester placental growth in a tertiary care population. Given the trend of increasing paternal age, our study should be repeated in the general population.