Patent Statistics Research Articles

Appropriating the returns of patent statistics: Take-up and development in the wake of Zvi Griliches

Appropriating the returns of patent statistics: Take-up and development in the wake of Zvi Griliches

Desenvolvimento tecnológico da biotecnologia para a saúde no Brasil

Objective of the study: This study aims to analyze the technological development of health biotechnology in Brazil in the period from 2007 to 2016.Methodology: The research methodology was based on a quantitative approach with the application of statistical methods aligned with patent analysis. Data collection was carried out on the institutional page of the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). The health biotechnology patents were classified according to the definitions presented by the Biotechnology Development Policy (PDB).Originality/Relevance: This study brings new contributions to the literature on the technological development of biotechnology when dealing with the sectoral level.Main results: The results obtained showed a total of 503 patents granted, with applications that mostly involve human health (70%). The development of drugs for the treatment of metabolic or endocrinological diseases is notorious, while vaccines have greater applications in the prevention of veterinary diseases. Also, patent ownership belongs mostly to large companies in developed countries.Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study deepened the understanding of the technological development of biotechnology in Brazil using patent indicators and allowed us to understand this dynamic in the sectorial context involving health.Social/managerial contributions: The statistics of patents in health biotechnology can assist policymakers in practices aimed at promoting research, development, and innovation activities with applications in health.

Patent data analytics for technology benchmarking: R-based implementation

We have utilized data analytics techniques to produce highly detailed, accurate, and actionable insights on patent data to enable the decision makers to take informed decisions. We have developed a unique method to help business professionals easily understand the patent landscape around a particular technology domain. The data inputs for the analyses are the patent statistics and the organization's technology priorities. We have used and implemented clustering algorithms on the patent data while considering the organization's technology priorities to identify solutions that can help organizations gain a competitive advantage, identify potential collaboration targets, technology-product alignment, business decision making, strategy planning and other strategic decisions.

Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Housing

In this chapter, I discuss innovation and entrepreneurship in residential real estate and construction (housing). Based on R&D spending and patent statistics, housing does not appear to be a very innovative sector. But in the last two decades, there has been a significant increase in the amount of investment going to real estate technology companies. I discuss the companies and technologies which have drawn the most attention from investors. I then review the literature on two major innovation trends in housing: the growth of the internet as a tool for housing search, and the development of home-sharing platforms which allow homeowners to use their homes as short-term rentals. These innovations have likely increased the efficiency of housing markets, leading to higher quality matches between buyers and sellers, and more efficient utilization of space. However, the effects are hard to measure due to the difficulty of separating quality changes from price changes. In comparison to residential real estate, there appears to have been less recent innovation in residential construction. In many areas, residential construction is artificially constrained by local land use policies, and estimates from the literature suggest that relaxing these constraints could increase economic growth significantly. Finally, I discuss anti-competitive practices in real estate which may hinder entrepreneurship and the adoption of new innovations, and I discuss how innovation and entrepreneurship in other sectors may affect the housing market.

Mapping Firms' Locations in Technological Space: A Topological Analysis of Patent Statistics

Where do firms innovate? Mapping their locations and directions in technological space is challenging due to its high dimensionality. We propose a new method to characterize firms’ inventive activities via topological data analysis (TDA) that represents high-dimensional data in a shape graph. Applying this method to 333 major firms’ patents in 1976--2005 reveals substantial heterogeneity: some firms remain undifferentiated; others develop unique portfolios. Firms with unique trajectories, which we define graph-theoretically as “flares” in the Mapper graph, perform better. This association is statistically and economically significant, and continues to hold after we control for portfolio size and firm survivorship. We then compare our approach with existing techniques to further demonstrate its use in data visualization and exploration.

That's Classified! Inventing a New Patent Taxonomy

We investigate how patent classification influences the interpretation of patent statistics. Innovation researchers currently make use of various patent classification schemas, which are hard to replicate. Using machine learning techniques, we construct a transparent, replicable and adaptable patent taxonomy, and a new automated methodology for classifying patents. We then contrast our new schema with existing ones using a long-run historical patent dataset. We find quantitative analysis of patent characteristics are sensitive to the choice of classification; our interpretation of regression coefficients is schema-dependent. We suggest much of the innovation literature should be carefully interpreted in light of our findings.

Patent Activity of Domestic and Foreign Applicants as an Indicator of Scientific and Technological Development of Russia: An Analysis of Current Statistics

This article presents an analysis of the patent activity of domestic and foreign applicants in Russia, based on the data from patent statistics for 2009–2018. The source of the study was the data of the annual reports of Rospatent. The purpose of this research is to identify the indicators of patent activity and their dynamics. It allows us to assess the current state of scientific and technical potential and emerging trends in the scientific and technological development of Russia. The research concerns intellectual property related to the objects of patent rights according to the Russian civil law: inventions, utility models and industrial designs. This article presents an analysis of the patent activity in Russia concerning inventions. The author revealed that in recent years there had been a decreasing interest in this type of patent rights objects from both domestic and foreign applicants, which has harmed the dynamics of patent activity indicators regarding inventions.

Some Salient Aspects of Machine Learning Research: A Bibliometric Analysis

Machine learning has emerged as an important and distinct area of research closely related to and often overlaps with various domains within computer science, computational statistics, artificial intelligence, cognitive science. One can observe connections with these fields at the cognitive level (in terms of theoretical framework), and on methodological levels (drawing from tools and techniques of these fields). The evolution of the field has taken a very directed and operational approach with basic tenet of machine learning being ‘teaching computers how to learn from data to make decisions or predictions’. As we move into systems that increasingly need to exploit data, we find the research in this area getting more application oriented, expansive in scope with loci of research and innovation dispersed across academia, research institutions and industry. It is thus becoming a challenging as well as useful exercise to know the structure and dynamics of this field. The paper is centered on this issue; it tries to capture the intellectual structure of this field and research trends from quantitative and statistical analysis of research publications. Conceptual connections are constructed from linkages among keywords using tools and techniques of Social network Analysis. It also acts as a conceptual framework for the study. Some indications from patent statistics are also drawn to provide some insights of the technological trends.

Innovation capability building in subsidiaries of multinational companies in emerging economies: Insights from the wind turbine industry

Abstract Research on the catching up of latecomer firms has generally overlooked whether, and how, subsidiaries of multinational companies (MNC) operating in emerging economies have developed innovation capabilities. Existing research on innovation capability building in MNC subsidiaries mainly employs quantitative research designs, comprising large samples of MNC subsidiaries using patent statistics to generate insights at a highly aggregated level of analyses. Accordingly, the existing research fails to capture the micro-level dynamics of learning and innovation capability development over time within individual MNC subsidiaries. To overcome this knowledge gap, we pursue a case study approach in this paper, drawing on qualitative data in order to generate an in-depth analysis of the processes underlying innovation capability building within a single MNC subsidiary. We examine the innovation capability development trajectory of a local Indian subsidiary of a Danish first-tier supplier of wind turbine blades. We adopt an analytical framework based on the literature on innovation capability building in latecomer firms, which is combined with insights from the literature on MNC subsidiary capability evolution. The paper points to the key role of the parent company and internal learning in the subsidiary as the basis for the advanced level of innovation capabilities achieved by the subsidiary, enabling it to become a supplier of innovations to its parent company. Contributions to the literature on innovation capability building in latecomer firms are presented and discussed.

Patent Statistics as an Innovation Indicator? Evidence from the Hard Disk Drive Industry

We assess the usefulness of patent statistics as an indicator of innovation, using a direct measure of innovation in the hard disk industry (1976–1998). Three findings emerge: (i) patents “predict” innovations better than a random guess, and a simple refinement makes them more useful; (ii) conditional on actually innovating, conglomerates and larger firms patent more than specialised startups and smaller firms; and (iii) patent reforms seem to make the patent—innovation relationship nonstationary. These results suggest that researchers should use caution when comparing patents of different types of firms and across years.

The effects of offshore production on onshore innovation: Evidence from Japanese multinationals

This paper examines a largely unexplored channel of the effects of offshore production on onshore (domestic) innovation performance. We combine a comprehensive dataset mapping the global operations of Japanese multinational firms with patent statistics to measure innovation. The study finds that increased offshore production have little effects on onshore innovation performance once properly correcting a simultaneity bias. Furthermore, we find some weak evidence of increased offshore production downgrades the quality of innovation, measured by citations. Consistent with other studies, we find that an increase in overseas R&D is the main driver of innovation creation for multinational firms.

Technological Breakthrough in the Modern Economy

The subject of the researchis factors accelerating the technological development of the country.The relevance of the subject is due to the low level of innovation activities in the Russian economy and high dependence on technology imports in a number of the most important manufacturing and mining industries while a number of government programs to promote innovation do not yield the expected results. The implementation of the goals for accelerating the economic development and Russia’s entry into the top five largest world economies based on the technological breakthrough set forth in the May presidential decrees requires taking into account the real technological trends in the largest economies.The purpose of the researchwas to show that the modern technological development requires building a research base for business, especially for large companies, which is in line with provisions of the economic theory developed by a number of economists from J. Schumpeter to P. Romer who substantiated the special role of business research and development under the support of the state. It is empirically proven that it is the high level of R&D expenditures that distinguishes developed countries from those less developed. The paper analyzes the scope and sectoral structure of the R&D carried out by large leading-edge corporations. The statistical data related to technological leaders and other high-tech companies was used in the research. The data was supplemented by patent statistics. The specific features of the growing technological competition between the United States and China were considered.

Patentometric: monitoring the scientific and technological trends of Additive Manufacturing in Medical Applications

<p>Patents are a means of protecting inventions developed by firms, institutions or individuals, and they may be interpreted as indicators of invention. Patents indicators convey information on the processes of inventive activities. Therefore, patent statistics will assess science and technology (S&T) activities. Besides, additive manufacturing (AM) has become a revolutionary technology that is changing medical science. For this reason, the patent statistics will allow us to monitor what is the state of the inventive activity of AM in medical applications. The database used in order to retrieve patent information is Patseer and the data have been analyzed through the analytics package called Quick Stats. From the data obtained, it can be concluded that, additive manufacturing in medical applications is an emerging technology with huge market potential. Undoubtedly, the core of invention is located in United States, followed by Germany, United Kingdom and China somewhat behind. Firms are the main holders of legal rights, and the firm’s market value and the knowledge diffusion of technology are ensured by the technological diversity and the number of forward citations presented by patents.</p>

Innovative development of Ukraine as part of European space in the XXI century

The article provides a comparative analysis of the current state of innovative development of Ukraine's economy that enables to substantiate the general directions of long - term strategic innovation modernization of the Ukrainian economy aimed at improving the country's position in the European space. It is determined that, in the second decade of the XXI century, there has been a decrease in foreign trade volumes, but the share of high-tech products increased, which is explained by the transformation of foreign trade flows in the context of changing the political course of development of the Ukrainian economy in 2014. The majority of high-tech exports have been directed to the EU countries, therefore, with a decrease in exports to Russia, this share has increased. The share of research expenditures, patent statistics, the number of research publications and peculiarities of innovation activity of small and medium enterprises as the main indicators of the cost effectiveness of research and development in Ukraine and in the EU are analysed in the article. It is concluded that the country is currently in such a phase that is creating the economic and structural preconditions for the economic development of systems and large-scale technological changes that are to begin on the ascending stage of the industrial cycle. According to the results of the study, an optimistic strategy for the transition to the Fourth Cluster with the identification of certain ways of developing the national economy is proposed and substantiated, with the goal of improving the effectiveness of Ukraine's innovation development in mind. It is proposed to consider the latter not only from the point of view of the interests of accelerating economic growth in the country, but also in terms of opportunities for internationalization of science and the spread of multi-level cooperation in the field of research and development.

Knowledge flows, changing firms’ competences and patent citations: an analysis of the trajectory of IBM

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates knowledge flows that a leading firm might deal to transform its core competencies, through a case study about IBM. The transformation of IBM from a hardware company to a knowledge service provider is strongly dependent upon different knowledge sources and areas, different capabilities fed by different science and engineering fields. Our theoretical framework presents how the literature on innovation has been enriched by elaborations on dynamic capabilities of firms, on the role of knowledge and knowledge flows as a source of those capabilities and on patent citations as statistical tool to capture those knowledge flows. This paper integrates those three different approaches using patent citations statistics to measure knowledge flows behind IBM’s changing capabilities. Our contribution to this literature is an articulation of a historical summary of the evolution of IBM with an empirical analysis of those changes through patent citations statistics.

Geography of corporate innovation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify major developments in corporate innovation. The author focuses on the behavioral differences between MNEs from developed and emerging markets in the way they locate their R&D activities.Design/methodology/approachWith the help of descriptive statistics, the paper identifies major trends in the global distribution of innovative activity. The novel source of patent statistics, Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) applications, is used as a proxy for innovative effort by leading MNEs. This paper is among the first attempts to analyze the global geography of innovation based on PCT statistics.FindingsThe analysis underscores differences in the patenting activities of MNEs from emerging and advanced markets. It confirms that innovative activity by major MNEs remains largely home-based, which contradicts the premise of the global nature of corporate innovation. At the same time, the growing importance of China as a research center attracts MNEs from a variety of developed markets. Emerging MNEs also file patent applications domestically. Most Chinese R&D subsidiaries of MNEs from advanced economies in our sample do not pursue technological specialization, as they produce patents in the same technological areas as the corporate headquarters or other subsidiaries.Originality/valueA number of assumptions about the innovation geography of major MNEs were empirically tested. An attempt was made to fill the gaps in our understanding of innovation strategies pursued by MNEs in emerging markets. The author uses the concept of MNEs as meta-integrators to explain the observed dynamics. Its explanatory power is more convincing as applied to our data than the concept of national systems of innovation.

INNOVATIONS IN MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Objective: to analyze information about intellectual property objects of medical purpose created at Gomel State Medical University over 1996-2017. Material and methods .Audit of intellectual property objects of the institution; analytical processing and patent statistics of scientific medical information; visualization of results of patent analysis. Conclusion. The information presented in the article is a result of the analysis of medical scientific information which is contained in the patent portfolio of Gomel State Medical University. It enables to increase efficiency of solutions of problems of intellectual property security and management in the institution and is intended for making management decisions on introduction of innovative solutions into practice, and eventually it is aimed at the promotion of public health and quality of healthcare.

Is Poland an Innovative Country?

Abstract The potential for innovativeness is difficult to measure, though many have attempted to do so. In order to look at Poland’s innovation potential, its current position and its opportunity to grow, compared with developing and developed countries, this study analysed the patent statistics of the Polish and European Patent Offices. Poland has been a member of the European Union for over a decade now. Therefore, we took into consideration the statistics for patent applications and grants for the last decade, up to the first quarter of 2016. The questions we wanted to answer concerned not only the technology fields that Poland patented its inventions in, but also the types of patent grantees and applicants. In order to determine why Poland is still considered to be only a moderate innovator by the Innovation Union Scoreboard, we also gathered information on Polish inventors abroad in 2015 and the first quarter of 2016, to see their number, technology fields, and types of patent grantees. Finally, we attempted to identify the main barriers that seem to inhibit Polish technology and innovation growth, despite significantly growing R&D intensities (up from 0.56 GDP and EUR 1,139 M in 2004 to 0.94 GDP and EUR 3,864 M in 2014).

Comparative Study on Chinese and Global OLED Industry Based on Patent Data

Against the background of intelligent manufacturing, the development of chip technology has been widely discussed by scholars. The Chinese chip industry is constantly hit upon in the international background, and the reasons behind this exploration are particularly important for the future development of chip technology in the country. To solve this problem, the paper chooses to study the typical OLED technology in the chip industry. This paper uses 14979 patent data of OLED technology, from 1900 to 2017, as the research object. Data are taken from the global patent statistics database (PATSTAT). From the perspective of the annual application numbers and main research content, it is concluded that Chinese OLED technology has been a late starter, with companies mainly choosing the road of importing equipment. OLED technology lacks specific direction in view of the mastered technical patents, and the related technology is mostly in the peripheral activities. Therefore, OLED technology cannot enter the core area of this field. In this paper, the leading technology identification model, based on a PageRank algorithm, is used to identify the leading technology in the global and domestic OLED patents, and we compare the patents’ holders. It is concluded that the Chinese OLED industry cannot occupy a favorable position on the international stage; some research institutes in China have R&D ability, but they lack production facilities. The development of industrialization restricts the sustainable development of related technologies. In view of the above results, this paper provides suggestions from the perspective of researchers, related enterprises, and government and patent protection agencies, in order to promote the development of the Chinese OLED industry and to play a referential role in the growth of China’s chip industry.

Patent statistics at the commission of the european communities

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